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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors report a girl with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia presenting hypothalamic syndrome characterized by meningeal leukaemia, hyperphagia and obesity. Insulin and growth hormone secretion, studied with arginine and insulin stimulation tests, showed a high peak of serum insulin and no response of growth hormone. Insulin and growth hormone responses to these tests reverted to normal after intrathecal methotrexate.
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PMID:Insulin and growth hormone secretion in a leukaemic girl with hypothalamic syndrome. 26 33

A study of 3451 cholesterol determinations in different diseases was carried out. The mean cholesterol levels for male and female adults and children with different diseases were compared with values for their healthy counterparts. Sickle cell anemia, leukemia, liver cirrhosis, hepatosplenomegaly, tuberculosis, and diabetic, nutritional, ataxic, and tropical neuropathies in male and female adults were associated with reduced cholesterol level while in children malnutrition and anemia were the main causes of low cholesterol levels. Obesity and hypertension caused an elevated level but the mean values were within the range for adult Nigerians in the high income group. Only nephrotic syndrome in both adult and children was associated with a markedly increased cholesterol level in Nigerians of low income status.
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PMID:Serum cholesterol and diseases in Nigerians. 50 76

Vulvar neoplasia as seen at the Johns Hopkins Hospital during a 38-year period (1935-1972) is reviewed. Of 1385 tissue specimens, 1053 were benign and 332 were malignant lesions. Of the malignant lesions, 246 were squamous cell carcinoma, both in situ and invasive. Of these, 192 were treated and followed and are reported on. There were 71 cases of in situ and 121 of invasive cancer. Of the patients, 64% were white and 36% were nonwhite, which corresponds to the patient population treated at the hospital. Ages of patients ranged from 21 to 86 years, with a median of 50 years. Of those with invasive cancer, 75% were postmenopausal and none was under the age of 30 years. There was a 29% incidence of nulliparity and a 64% incidence of obesity. Diabetes was noted in 64%. Syphilis was discovered in 26%. These patients had a high risk of being exposed to other venereal infections, particularly herpes which is suspect as a precursor of neoplasia. Vurrucous carcinoma are also likely to be of viral origin. Other malignancies were also present in 20% of patients. There was 1 case of chronic clyphocytic leukemia. Presenting symptoms were a lump, a white patch, pruritus, or bleeding. Pruritus was present in 46%. A leukoplakialike appearance was noted in most of the in situ lesions. Multicentric foci of origin were demonstrated in 35%, mostly in the in situ cases. Of the invasive cancers 60% were well differentiated and 11% were verrucous. Multiple histologic patterns were present in many cases. In 167 patients (67%), the initial treatment was surgical. Postoperative radiation was used in 30% of those with invasive cancer. Local recurrences followed in 22%. In those with multicentric foci the recurrence rate was 48%. 44 patients were known to have died, mostly from other causes. Survival was directly related to the stage of the disease at the time of initial diagnosis and treatment.
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PMID:Primary vulvar neoplasia: a review of in situ and invasive carcinoma, 1935-1972. 85 43

Eight patients are presented in whom obesity developed in association with documented hypothalamic lesions. These lesions included trauma, inflammatory disease, an aneurysm of the internal carotid artery, and five cases of tumor. Detailed metabolic studies were performed in four patients with hypothalamic obesity and in five age- and weight-matched patients with essential obesity(i.e., obesity with no definable etiology). Fasting insulin concentrations were significantly higher in the patients with hypothalamic obesity. During a seven-day fast the insulin levels in patients with essential obesity decreased by 24 to 48 hours, whereas patients with hypothalamic obesity showed a variety of changes; In three out of four of these patients with hypothalamic obesity there was no evidence for hyperplasia of the fat cells. Basal oxygen consumption, body composition, and metabolism of adipose tissue did not differ between the patients with essential obesity and those with hypothalamic obesity. There was no difference in activity of the enzymes in the glycerophosphate cycle. Our data on eight patients with hypothalamic obesity were compared with data on patients in literature. Most cases of hypothalamic obesity occur with space-occupying tumors arising at the base of the hypothalamus. However, trauma, inflammatory diseases, and leukemia are also associated with hypothalamic obesity. Patients with hypothalamic obesity rarely weigh more than 140 kg.
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PMID:Manifestations of hypothalamic obesity in man: a comprehensive investigation of eight patients and a reveiw of the literature. 115 72

Late effects of childhood acute leukemia and its treatment were studied in 776 patients (684 ALL, 73 ANLL, and 9 others) in Japan who had remained in remission for more than 1 year after their first complete remission. Delayed adverse sequelae involve a wide variety of organs and their functions. Short stature was present in 2.61%, obesity in 3.79%, abnormalities of growth hormone secretion in 1.5%, delayed secondary sex characteristics in 1.5% of males and 0.6% of females, motor disturbances in 1.17%, sensory disturbances in 0.91%, intellectual and learning disabilities in 2.48%, abnormal findings in routine neurologic examinations in 1.31%, EEG abnormalities in 4.30%, brain CT abnormalities in 5.09% and cardiac dysfunction in 1.07%. Various other disorders were seen in 20 patients. Many of these delayed adverse sequelae are caused by or related to central nervous system prophylaxis and systemic combination chemotherapy. The results suggest that it is needed to improve therapeutic methods through the stratification of patients by risk factors and detailed analysis of prognostic factors. Moreover it is important to render medical and psychosocial support to long-term survivors of childhood leukemia through interactions between the patient, parents and medical staff.
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PMID:Late effects of childhood acute leukemia and its treatment. 179 18

Epidemiological evidence for prenatal carcinogenesis includes associations between cancer in young people and intrauterine exposure to X-rays, drugs and hormones and prezygotic events such as specific chromosomal aberrations associated with specific cancers. Recent findings suggest that the hormonal environment during early gestation can result not only in the development of clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina but also in the development of germ cell tumours of the testes and ovary. Hormone-related risk factors for testicular germ cell neoplasms include maternal use of exogenous oestrogens during early gestation and, possibly, maternal nausea, maternal obesity and race as well. Ovarian germ cell tumours also appear to be related to maternal use of hormones and obesity. Several epidemiological studies of cancer in young people have been directed towards suggested associations with parental occupational exposures, parental cigarette smoking and household exposures to electric and magnetic fields (EMF). The findings of the many studies of parental occupational exposures are inconsistent and are often nonspecific with respect to the type of childhood cancer and the job exposure implicated. Parental cigarette smoking has been associated in some studies with an increased risk for cancer among children and young adults, and in other studies with an increased risk among mature adults, but the findings are not consistent across studies. Three studies of all types of childhood cancer found risk to be related to household exposures to EMF; in all three, the risk for central nervous system tumours was increased, and in two of the three leukaemia risk as well. A fourth study showed no association between childhood leukaemia and EMF. A hypothesis is proposed which suggests that prenatal and early childhood exposure to N-nitroso compounds (NOC) may be related to the development of primary tumours of the brain in children. Experimentalists have shown that various NOC are potent nervous system carcinogens, particularly when animals are exposed transplacentally. This experimental model and findings from a Los Angeles case-control study (209 pairs) of brain tumours in young people led to the proposed epidemiological hypothesis. Although this and other epidemiological studies of NOC have major limitations, findings from epidemiological studies of congenital defects and of other childhood cancers lend the hypothesis some support. A large international collaborative case-control study of childhood brain tumours was begun recently. This study has a major advantage over most case-control studies in adults because the exposure period of greatest interest (gestation) is clearly defined.
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PMID:Epidemiological studies of perinatal carcinogenesis. 268 Sep 50

The author provides data pertinent to the modern classification of erythrocytosis, which rests on the pathogenetic principle. The difference in the pathogenesis of erythremia and secondary erythrocytoses was proved with the help of an erythroid culture and by examination of erythropoietins, which can be thus used for diagnostic purposes. Analysis of so-called "pure" erythrocytosis has shown that this term implies different patterns of erythrocytosis from the standpoint of the pathogenesis: erythremia, secondary erythrocytoses that are difficult to diagnose, and hereditary erythrocytosis associated with erythropoietin hyperproduction. There is no evidence for the existence of the "pure" erythroid leukemia and thus the author doubts this disease entity. Analysing the different patterns of secondary absolute erythrocytosis the author discusses specific problems of their pathogenesis. Attention is paid to erythrocytosis of a tobacco smoker, to the role of obesity and concomitant action of some factors on the development of hypoxic erythrocytosis. The data are presented on the new types of erythrocytosis, on the post-transplantation one, in particular, which occurs after kidney transplantation, and finally on erythrocytosis that develops occasionally in patients on hemodialysis. Attention is paid as well to relative erythrocytoses, risk factor in the development of thrombotic complications. The problems of etiologically and pathogenetically valid therapy of secondary erythrocytoses are reviewed.
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PMID:[Secondary erythrocytoses]. 404 68

We determined retrospectively the frequency and risk of hyperglycemia in 421 children with leukemia who had received L-asparaginase and prednisone as part of their remission induction therapy. Forty-one patients (9.7%) developed this complication, 39 within one week after the first dose of L-asparaginase. Hyperglycemia resolved in all patients and in 32 before the end of the four-week induction period. Age, obesity, and Down syndrome each had a significant bearing on the frequency of hyperglycemia. Children 10 years of age or older were more likely to develop the complication than were younger children. When more than one factor was present in a child, the risk of hyperglycemia increased significantly. A family history of diabetes mellitus also appeared related to an increased risk of hyperglycemia. Childhood leukemia patients with any of the risk factors identified here should be closely monitored for glucosuria while receiving prednisone and L-asparaginase for remission induction.
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PMID:Risk factors for hyperglycemia in children with leukemia receiving L-asparaginase and prednisone. 645 71

In 71 adult acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) cases, the relationship between well-known prognostic features and complete remission (CR) rate and survival was studied. These features were: (i) bone marrow karyotype classified NN, AN, AA according to Sakurai & Sandberg (5); (ii) patients' age; (iii) clinical 'negative prognostic features' (NPF): previous history of preleukaemia, septicaemia or pneumonia, hyperleucocytosis, associated pathology (diabetes, obesity, renal insufficiency etc.). 59 years of age was found to be a frontier between 2 homogeneous groups having quite different prognosis. The NN/AN/AA classification had good prognostic value (CR rate and survival) in patients under 59 years, but not in older patients. In those patients over 59, a significant difference in CR rate and survival appeared between cases with NPF and those without. For each feature having an established relationship to survival, a panel of prognostic points was determined as follows: age over 59 (1 point), AA karyotype in patients under 59 (2 points), NPF in patients over 59 (1 point). Using this stage classification, it was possible to classify every case into 1 of 3 groups (i.e.: 0 points, 1 point, 2 points). The life-table analysis of these 3 groups showed very significant differences. The median survival times were 18.5 months, 5.2 months and 1.3 month, for the 0-point group (26 cases), the 1-point group (19 cases) and the 2-point group (26 cases), respectively.
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PMID:A stage classification for prognosis in adult acute myelogenous leukaemia based upon patients' age, bone marrow karyotype and clinical features. 658 30

To determine whether obesity complicated the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, we studied the body mass index (BMI) of 63 female when and 51 male patients from the time of diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia to the time when final height was attained. The BMI z score was calculated for each patient at diagnosis, at end of treatment, and at attainment of final height. Obesity at attainment of final height was defined as a BMI greater than the 85th percentile of the normal reference population. At final height 23 of 51 male (45%) and 30 of 63 female patients (47%) were obese. Girls became obese between diagnosis and the end of chemotherapy (p = 0.02), after which they had no further increase, indicating that chemotherapy may have played a role in their obesity. Boys had a progressive and gradual increase in BMI z score through to attainment of final height. Obesity did not appear to be associated with growth hormone insufficiency, disproportionate growth, or abnormal timing of puberty. We conclude that approximately half the survivors of leukemia in childhood become obese young adults. Many of those treated with the more recent regimens studied are still only in their mid or preteen years and should be advised regarding a more active lifestyle and a healthy diet in an attempt to reduce the incidence of obesity.
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PMID:High incidence of obesity in young adults after treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood. 760 13


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