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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Total starvation is effective for acute weight reduction in obesity. However, in 200 patients, most of whom also had internal diseases, 8% exhibited sometimes severe complications, i.e. reversible cerebral ischemia in 3 hypertensive patients when the blood pressure was lowered to the normal range by natriuresis of fasting; breakdown of water and electrolyte homeostasis with circulatory collapse, vomiting and vertigo; acute crises of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and porphyria respectively and increase of transaminases up to 200 mu/ml, or cardiac arrhythmias. Relative (?) contraindications for total fasting appear to be clinical sings of arteriosclerosis such as vascular bruits, angina pectoris and intermittent claudication. In case of doubt, the method should only be used in hospital.
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PMID:[Complications in null-diet]. 91 86

The case reported concerns an obese patient suffering from lumbo-radicular intermittent claudication due to lumbar epidural lipomatosis. Compression was revealed by magnetic resonance imaging which showed the existence of a hypersignal in weighted sequences in T1 situated in the epidural space and narrowing the dural sheath. Three cases of lumbar epidural lipomatosis related to obesity have already been described. Treatment in all three was surgical with the result assessed as good in one case and poor in two. The interest of the present case is demonstration of the cause and effect relationship between epidural lipomatosis and obesity as shown by complete restoration of the epidural space after a calorie-controlled diet, and the possibility of successful treatment by this technique.
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PMID:[Lumbo-radicular pain caused by epidural lipomatosis in an obese patient: recovery after hypocaloric diet]. 160 41

Peripheral arterial occlusive disease has been described frequently as a disease affecting predominantly men. There is only a few information available concerning peripheral vascular disease in the female. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine risk factors in relation to localisation and symptoms of peripheral arterial occlusive disease in female patients. A retrospective study has been performed in 48 female patients (52-82 years with a mean age 69.5 years). Finally 45 patients were witheld because they had all a doppler examination and an oscillography of the lower limbs. The majority of the patients, namely 22 patients (49%) had combined ileofemoral and distal lesions. There were 15 patients (33%) who had isolated distal lesions, while only 8 patients (18%) had isolated ileofemoral vascular lesions. With respect to the symptoms the population could be divided in three groups: 16 patients (36%) were asymptomatic, 19 patients (42%) had intermittent claudication and 10 patients (22%) had rest pain and necrosis. Smoking was not the predominant risk factor in this group. Diabetes mellitus seemed to enhance distal vascular lesions, while arterial hypertension, obesity and lipids were predictive risk factors in peripheral vascular disease in the female. A high incidence of cardiovascular disease (31 patients, 69%) and cerebrovascular disease (13 patients, 29%) was concomitant.
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PMID:Localisation and risk factors of peripheral arterial occlusive disease in the female. 276 56

Measurements of height, weight, skinfolds and waist girth were used as indicators of general and regional obesity in the Framingham study population of 5,209 men and women. Mean values of cholesterol, blood pressure, blood glucose and uric acid increased with increasing body mass index (BMI). Weight gain was associated with increases and weight loss with decreases in these risk factors. Cigarette smoking was more prevalent in men and women with low quintile BMI. Upper quintile values of BMI, subscapular skinfolds, and waist girth were associated with increased relative risks of death from all causes, coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebrovascular disease but relative risks for intermittent claudication were not increased. General and central obesity each made independent contributions to risk of CHD but central obesity was a better predictor in males. BMI, cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and blood glucose were significantly independent predictors of CHD. These data show that increased relative weight and central obesity are associated with elevated levels of risk factors, with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and with increased death rates for all causes combined. Mortality rates are also increased among the leanest members of the population, especially among older men.
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PMID:Hazards of obesity--the Framingham experience. 316 71

In view of recent interest in the relationship of haematocrit and blood viscosity to hypertension and vascular disease, we have analysed retrospectively the relationship of haematocrit to blood pressure, vascular complications and other variables in 2,381 patients referred to the Glasgow Blood Pressure Clinic. Haematocrit correlated negatively with age and systolic pressure in men, and positively with age and systolic pressure in females. Positive correlations were found in both sexes between haematocrit and serum alanine aminotransferase (possibly due to mutual correlation with alcohol); and between haematocrit and overweight (Quetelet Index) but not obesity (Ponderal Index). Increased haematocrit was also associated with cigarette smoking; and with history of angina, myocardial infarction and intermittent claudication in females. No correlation was observed between haematocrit and history of stroke. These findings suggest that prospective studies of haematocrit in hypertensives may be of interest.
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PMID:Haematocrit in patients attending a hypertension clinic. 405 4

In a health survey in 1981-82 in the city of Uppsala 819 subjects (443 females and 376 males), 47-54 years old, were examined. A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test OGTT was performed in each subject, and fasting and 2-h venous whole blood glucose values were determined. The 2-h value was somewhat higher in females, 4.7 mmol X l-1, than in males, 4.4 mmol X l-1 (p less than 0.01). Known or probable manifest diabetes was present in 1.9% of all subjects. Glucose values within the limits for WHO criteria of glucose intolerance were found in another 7.1% of all subjects after one OGTT. The rates were similar in both sexes. A history of diabetes in first-degree relatives was noted in 13.2% of all subjects. According to a questionnaire, 1.1% of all subjects had had hospital care for myocardial infarction, 4.7% had angina pectoris and 2.4% had intermittent claudication. The rate of subjects on antihypertensive treatment or with untreated high blood pressure greater than or equal to 170/105 mm Hg was 11.2%; of these only 1.8% had untreated high blood pressure. Of the treated subjects, the treatment was adequate in 82.9%. Obesity, defined as relative body mass index greater than or equal to 120%, was found in 34.0% of all subjects, more frequently in females than in males. The rate of smokers was 28.5%. A comparison was made with the results of a similar health survey of about 2 300 middle-aged men in Uppsala in 1970-73. The prevalence of angina pectoris was higher among the men of the present survey than among those of the 1970-73 survey, which may at least partly be due to differences in methodology. Relative body weight was higher, and fewer men were regularly active during leisure for at least 2-3 h per week in the present study. The rates of hypertension were similar, but fewer men had untreated high blood pressure and more men were on antihypertensive treatment in the present study. There was a lower frequency of smokers in this study.
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PMID:Findings in a health survey of middle-aged subjects in Uppsala 1981-82. Risk factors for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. 409 18

Representative population samples of middle-aged women (1462 participants, a participation rate of 90.1%) were followed from 1968-1969 for 10 years with respect to morbidity and mortality from myocardial infarction, stroke and all causes of death. The same sample (1302 participants, 80.3%) was studied in 1974-1975. Data on the incidences of angina pectoris, intermittent claudication and hypertension in these women during the 6-year interval were analyzed. Obesity as a premorbid characteristic was estimated by weight index and sum of triceps and subscapsular skinfold thicknesses. The overall trends between weight index and the incidences of myocardial infarction and angina pectoris were weak, while there were excess frequencies in the top quintiles, indicating that only marked obesity constitutes an increased risk. The incidence of hypertension was positively correlated to both indices of obesity. The death rate irrespective of cause was negatively correlated to the sum of skinfolds but was not correlated to the weight index. The death rate from myocardial infarction seemed to be correlated to both obesity indices.
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PMID:Obesity in relation to morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. 738 43

A randomized placebo-controlled study was undertaken in 188 patients with severe intermittent claudication attending two vascular clinics in Manchester and Liverpool. After a 4-week run-in period, patients received active or placebo treatment for 24 weeks. Patients were assessed on a treadmill prior to the 4-week run-in period, at randomization, and at 8, 16, and 24 weeks. Outcome was measured in terms of change in pain-free walking distance, maximum walking distance, and pressure indices. In this severe claudication population, in which the patients presented with a mean pain-free walking distance of 60 m, an intention-to-treat analysis demonstrated that the outcome in the naftidrofuryl-treated group was significantly better than in the group receiving placebo (p = 0.045). Additionally, 7% of patients in the naftidrofuryl group deteriorated compared with 22% in the placebo group (p = 0.005). Of the various risk factors that were recorded during the study--smoking habits, the presence of hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and duration of illness--only duration of illness had a significant influence on outcome. Maximum walking distances alone were not significantly influenced by treatment, but the use of a combined index of pain-free walking distance, maximum walking distance, and pressure indices to record success or failure confirmed a significant treatment effect (p = 0.047). A higher incidence of minor gastrointestinal symptoms was recorded in the naftidrofuryl-treated group. Treatment with naftidrofuryl was shown to prevent or slow the deterioration observed in a group of patients with severe claudication over a 24-week period.
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PMID:An evaluation of patients with severe intermittent claudication and the effect of treatment with naftidrofuryl. 751 77

The role played by the epidural fat has been reported in lipomatosis induced by exogenous glucocorticoids and in severe obesity with lipomatosis. The role played by the "normal" posterior epidural fat (PEF) in lumbar canal stenosis (LCS) is less well known. The purpose of this study was to determine the part taken by PEF in LCS patients without endocrine disease, corticosteroid therapy or obesity. For this, we tried to specify the amount and distribution of PEF among the soft tissues in the vertebral canal, to demonstrate the involvement of PEF in dural sac compression, to describe the radiological features observed in cases of LCS and to look for associated morphological factors. The records of 30 LCS patients without exogenous or endogenous lipomatosis and in whom the essential pathogenic factor in 40 levels was PEF were reviewed retrospectively. At disc level, PEF was evaluated in the lower part of the mobile segment by means of CT or MRI axial sections cut through one or two spaces between L2-L3 and L4-L5. Measurements were made in 25 men (80%) and 6 women (20%) aged from 33 to 83 years (mean: 58 years). Most patients were suffering from lumbar pain, radiculopathy and/or neurogenic intermittent claudication. The data measured were: antero-posterior (AP) diameter of the dural sac, AP diameter of the bony lumbar canal (BLC), interligamentous distance (ILD) opposite the articular facets, and surface of PEF. The soft elements present on the midline--anterior epidural space (AES) and posterior epidural (PEF)--were expressed as percentage of the AP diameter of the bony lumbar canal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Posterior epidural adipose tissue and the narrow lumbar canal: replacement tissue or cause of impingement?]. 762 71

The relationships between personality and risks of coronary heart disease have been studied widely, but little attention has been paid to other forms of atherosclerotic disease. The objective of this study was to determine relationships in the general population between hostile personality and Type A behavior pattern with asymptomatic and symptomatic chronic peripheral arterial disease. The Edinburgh Artery Study comprises a cross-sectional random sample survey of 1592 men and women aged 55 to 74 years sampled from age-sex registers of 10 general practices throughout the city. Peripheral arterial disease was measured using the WHO questionnaire on intermittent claudication, the ankle brachial pressure index, and a reactive hyperemia test. The Bedford Foulds personality deviance questionnaire was used to elicit extrapunitiveness, intropunitiveness, and dominance (including hostile acts); and the Bortner self-administered questionnaire was used to determine Type A/B personality. Hostile acts increased with severity of peripheral arterial disease; there was a mean score of 13.9 in normals and 14.6 in claudicants (p < .05). An increased risk of claudication associated with a one SD increase in hostile acts was significant (p < .05) only in males, odds ratio, 1.41 (95% confidence interval 1.01, 1.96) and was independent of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. Dominance was also related to asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease in subjects who had neither intermittent claudication nor angina. Contrary to expectations, Type A personality behaviour scores decreased with the severity of peripheral arterial disease. We conclude that hostile personality may be an independent risk factor for chronic peripheral arterial disease in the general population, particularly among men.
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PMID:Hostile personality and risks of peripheral arterial disease in the general population. 808 64


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