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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum estradiol (E2) levels were measured in 451 men attending an infertility clinic and 80 fertile men attending for vasectomy. The normal range of E2 levels found in fertile men was 70 to 200 pmol/l. Subfertile men had lower mean E2 levels than fertile men (P less than 0.05), but there was no relationship to obesity, cigarette smoking, age, or the male infertility diagnostic category. E2 levels in the subfertile group gave no prognostic information concerning future fertility. The authors conclude that E2 measurements in male patients are not useful in clinical infertility practice.
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PMID:Estradiol and male fertility. 336 Jan 76

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a heterogeneous, pleiotropic human disorder characterized by obesity, retinopathy, polydactyly, renal and cardiac malformations, learning disabilities, hypogenitalism, and an increased incidence of diabetes and hypertension. No information is available regarding the specific function of BBS2. We show that mice lacking Bbs2 gene expression have major components of the human phenotype, including obesity and retinopathy. In addition, these mice have phenotypes associated with cilia dysfunction, including retinopathy, renal cysts, male infertility, and a deficit in olfaction. With the exception of male infertility, these phenotypes are not caused by a complete absence of cilia. We demonstrate that BBS2 retinopathy involves normal retina development followed by apoptotic death of photoreceptors, the primary ciliated cells of the retina. Photoreceptor cell death is preceded by mislocalization of rhodopsin, indicating a defect in transport. We also demonstrate that Bbs2(-/-) mice and a second BBS mouse model, Bbs4(-/-), have a defect in social function. The evaluation of Bbs2(-/-) mice indicates additional phenotypes that should be evaluated in human patients, including deficits in social interaction and infertility.
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PMID:Bbs2-null mice have neurosensory deficits, a defect in social dominance, and retinopathy associated with mislocalization of rhodopsin. 1553 63

Among the causes of male infertility, the varicocele accounts for 40%. Videolaparoscopic varicocelectomy was used for the treatment of 800 men as day surgery cases. The operation enabled high bilateral ligation, with an average operating time of 1.5 hours. Operative difficulties were minor being colon adhesions, vascularity, and obesity. There were no complications. Testicular biopsies showed permanent damage varying between 1% and > or =70%. The surgery was very well accepted because of its convenience, smooth and rapid recovery, improved sexual performance, and cost savings. Among the men treated, semen parameters improved among 80%; 45% of their wives becoming pregnant. There is clearly a role for videolaparoscopic varicocelectomy in the treatment of male infertility.
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PMID:Varicocele in male factor infertility: role of laparoscopic varicocelectomy. 1743 10

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder that results in retinal degeneration, obesity, cognitive impairment, polydactyly, renal abnormalities, and hypogenitalism. Of the 12 known BBS genes, BBS1 is the most commonly mutated, and a single missense mutation (M390R) accounts for approximately 80% of BBS1 cases. To gain insight into the function of BBS1, we generated a Bbs1(M390R/M390R) knockin mouse model. Mice homozygous for the M390R mutation recapitulated aspects of the human phenotype, including retinal degeneration, male infertility, and obesity. The obese mutant mice were hyperphagic and hyperleptinemic and exhibited reduced locomotor activity but no elevation in mean arterial blood pressure. Morphological evaluation of Bbs1 mutant brain neuroanatomy revealed ventriculomegaly of the lateral and third ventricles, thinning of the cerebral cortex, and reduced volume of the corpus striatum and hippocampus. Similar abnormalities were also observed in the brains of Bbs2(-/-), Bbs4(-/-), and Bbs6(-/-) mice, establishing these neuroanatomical defects as a previously undescribed BBS mouse model phenotype. Ultrastructural examination of the ependymal cell cilia that line the enlarged third ventricle of the Bbs1 mutant brains showed that, whereas the 9 + 2 arrangement of axonemal microtubules was intact, elongated cilia and cilia with abnormally swollen distal ends were present. Together with data from transmission electron microscopy analysis of photoreceptor cell connecting cilia, the Bbs1 M390R mutation does not affect axonemal structure, but it may play a role in the regulation of cilia assembly and/or function.
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PMID:A knockin mouse model of the Bardet-Biedl syndrome 1 M390R mutation has cilia defects, ventriculomegaly, retinopathy, and obesity. 1803 2

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is highly prevalent, affecting more than 47 million US residents. This condition is also multifaceted, potentially leading to significant disturbance of numerous physiologic processes. This review article evaluates the literature regarding metabolic syndrome and male reproductive health. Links between obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance are each examined with regard to their associated detrimental effects on male fertility. At the end of this manuscript, we propose a new MetS/male infertility paradigm. Additional studies specifically addressing the components of MetS and their impact on male reproduction will enhance our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. These studies may also help clarify the role for therapeutic intervention.
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PMID:The metabolic syndrome and male infertility. 1822 14

Stem cells hold great promise for regenerative medicine because of their ability to self-renew and to differentiate into various cell types. Although embryonic stem cells (BSC) have greater differentiation potential than adult stem cells, the former is lagging in reaching clinical applications because of ethical concerns and governmental restrictions. Bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) are the best-studied adult stem cells (ASC) and have the potential to treat a wide variety of diseases, including erectile dysfunction (ED) and male infertility. More recently discovered adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSC) are virtually identical to bone marrow stem cells in differentiation and therapeutic potential, but are easier and safer to obtain, can be harvested in larger quantities, and have the associated benefit of reducing obesity. Therefore, ADSC appear to be a better choice for future clinical applications. We have previously shown that ESC could restore the erectile function of neurogenic ED in rats, and we now have evidence that ADSC could do so as well. We are also investigating whether ADSC can differentiate into Leydig, Sertoli and male germ cells. The eventual goal is to use ADSC to treat male infertility and testosterone deficiency.
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PMID:Recent advances in andrology-related stem cell research. 1828 9

The biological function of motile cilia/flagella has long been recognized. The non-motile primary cilium, once regarded as a vestigial organelle, however, has been found recently to play unexpected roles in mammalian physiology and development. Defects in cilia have profound impact on human health. Diseases related to cilia, collectively called ciliopathies include male infertility, primary cilia dyskinesia, renal cyst formation, blindness, polydactyly, obesity, hypertension, and even mental retardation. Our current understanding of cilia and ciliopathies has been fueled by basic research employing various model organisms including Chlamydomonas, a unicellular green alga. This review article provides a general introduction to the cell biology of cilia and an overview of various cilia-related diseases.
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PMID:Cilia and ciliopathies: from Chlamydomonas and beyond. 1848 67

The pomegranate, Punica granatum L., is an ancient, mystical, unique fruit borne on a small, long-living tree cultivated throughout the Mediterranean region, as far north as the Himalayas, in Southeast Asia, and in California and Arizona in the United States. In addition to its ancient historical uses, pomegranate is used in several systems of medicine for a variety of ailments. The synergistic action of the pomegranate constituents appears to be superior to that of single constituents. In the past decade, numerous studies on the antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties of pomegranate constituents have been published, focusing on treatment and prevention of cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, dental conditions, erectile dysfunction, bacterial infections and antibiotic resistance, and ultraviolet radiation-induced skin damage. Other potential applications include infant brain ischemia, male infertility, Alzheimer's disease, arthritis, and obesity.
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PMID:Therapeutic applications of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.): a review. 1859 Mar 49

The prevalence of human obesity and related chronic disorders such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is rapidly increasing. Human studies have shown a direct relationship between obesity and infertility. The objective of the current work was to examine the effect of diet-induced obesity on male fertility and the effect of obesity on susceptibility to chemical-induced reproductive toxicity. From 5 to 30 wk of age, genetically intact male C57Bl/6J mice were fed a normal diet or one in which 60% of the kilocalories were from lard. Obese mice exhibited significant differences in the mRNA of several genes within the testes in comparison to lean males. Pparg was increased 2.2-fold, whereas Crem, Sh2b1, Dhh, Igf1, and Lepr were decreased 6.7, 1.4, 3.2, 1.6, and 7.2-fold, respectively. The fertility of male mice was compared through mating with control females. Acrylamide (AA)-induced reproductive toxicity was assessed in obese or lean males treated with water or 25 mg AA kg(-1) day(-1) via gavage for 5 days and then mated to control females. Percent body fat and weight were significantly increased in mice fed a high-fat vs. a normal diet. Obesity resulted in significant reduction in plugs and pregnancies of control females partnered with obese vs. lean males. Serum leptin and insulin levels were each approximately 5-fold higher in obese vs. age-matched lean mice. Sperm from obese males exhibited decreased motility and reduced hyperactivated progression vs. lean mice. Treatment with AA exacerbated male infertility of obese and lean mice; however, this effect was more pronounced in obese mice. Further, females partnered with AA-treated obese mice exhibited a further decrease in the percentage of live fetuses, whereas the percentage of resorptions increased. This work demonstrated that diet-induced obesity in mice caused a significant reduction in male fertility and exacerbated AA-induced reproductive toxicity and germ cell mutagenicity.
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PMID:Diet-induced obesity in male mice is associated with reduced fertility and potentiation of acrylamide-induced reproductive toxicity. 1990 86

Difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) of fluorescently labelled human sperm proteins was used to identify diabetes- and obesity-associated changes of the sperm proteome. Semen samples from type 1 diabetics, non-diabetic obese individuals and a reference group of clinically healthy fertile donors were evaluated in a comparative study. The adaptation of a general protein extraction procedure to the solubilization of proteins from isolated progressively motile human spermatozoa resulted in the detection of approximately 2700 fluorescent protein spots in the DIGE images. Comparison of the patients' sperm proteomes with those of the reference group allowed the identification of 20 spots containing proteins that were present in the sperm lysates at significantly increased or decreased concentrations. In detail, eight of these spots were apparently related to type 1 diabetes while 12 spots were apparently related to obesity. Tryptic digestion of the spot proteins and mass spectrometric analysis of the corresponding peptides identified seven sperm proteins apparently associated with type 1 diabetes and nine sperm proteins apparently associated with obesity, three of which existing in multiple molecular forms. The established proteomic approach is expected to function as a non-invasive experimental tool in the diagnosis of male infertility and in monitoring any fertility-restoring therapy.
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PMID:Identification of diabetes- and obesity-associated proteomic changes in human spermatozoa by difference gel electrophoresis. 2002 14


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