Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The paper is concerned with a study of a response of lymphocytic Fc receptors (FcR) to modulators regulating their expression (prostaglandins E2 and F2, 2 X 10(-9) M, isoproterenol 10(-5), 10(-6) M) as compared to changes in the lymphocyte membrane lipid composition of patients with obesity of II-III degree with a high blood cholesterol level up to 9-10 nmol/l. Two groups were distinguished among obese patients: "areactive" in which lymphocytic FcR did not respond to modulators, and "reactive" in which FcR responded at least to one of 4 utilized modulators. Research into the lipid spectrum of lymphocytic membranes revealed a significant decrease in the concentration of nonesterified fatty acids in membranes of "areactive" lymphocytes to 4 +/- 0.6% (against the normal level of 8.9 +/- 0.7%). In order to make up completely for immunodeficiency in obesity, lipotropic agents and food rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids could be recommended.
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PMID:[Changes in the lipid composition of the lymphocyte membranes and in the reactions of the lymphocytic Fc receptors in obesity]. 208 64

A study of the immunological indices in patients with association of hypertensive disease and obesity revealed absolute and relative lymphocytosis, increased numbers of B-lymphocytes, immunoglobulins A, G, while the content of O-lymphocytes and immunoglobulins M did not change essentially. Due to lymphocytosis, absence of immunodeficiency, obese patients should keep hypocaloric diet for short time as one of the main methods of obesity treatment.
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PMID:[Changes of the immunologic indices in patients with hypertension combined with obesity]. 275 86

The immune system plays a key role in the body's ability to fight infection and reduce the risk of developing tumors, autoimmune and degenerative disease. Nutritional deficiencies and excesses influence various components of the immune system. Early studies investigating the association between nutrition and immunity focused on generalized protein-energy malnutrition, particularly in children in developing countries. The extent of immunological impairment depends not only on the severity of malnutrition but on the presence of infection and on the age of onset of nutritional deprivation, among other factors. In industrialized nations, immune function has been shown to be compromised in many malnourished hospitalized patients, small-for-gestational age infants, and the elderly. Obesity also may adversely influence immune function. Imbalances of single nutrients are relatively uncommon in humans, and investigations of protein and amino acids and specific vitamins, minerals, and trace elements generally are carried out in experimental animals. Deficiencies of protein and some amino acids, as well as vitamins A, E, B6 and folate, are associated with reduced immunocompetence. In contrast, excessive intake of fat, in particular polyunsaturated fatty acids (e.g. linoleic and arachidonic acids), iron, and vitamin E are immunosuppressive. Trace elements modulate immune responses through their critical role in enzyme activity. Both deficiency and excess of trace elements have been recognized. Although dietary requirements of most of these elements are met by a balanced diet, there are certain population groups and specific disease states which are likely to be associated with deficiency of one or more of these essential elements. The role of trace elements in maintenance of immune function and their causal role in secondary immunodeficiency is increasingly being recognized. There is growing research concerning the role of zinc, copper, selenium, and other elements in immunity and the mechanisms that underlie such roles. The problem of interaction of trace elements and immunity is a complex one because of the frequently associated other nutritional deficiencies, the presence of clinical or subclinical infections which in themselves have a significant effect on immunity, and finally the altered metabolism due to the underlying disease. There are many practical applications of our recently acquired knowledge regarding nutritional regulation of immunity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Nutrition, immune response, and outcome. 309 56

Intraamniotic infection is a common (2-4%) event in labor. The predictors of IAI include preterm labor or rupture of membranes, abnormal vaginal flora (e.g., GBS, sexually transmitted disease, bacterial vaginosis), obstetric manipulations (e.g., vaginal exams, internal fetal monitoring) in the presence of ruptured membranes, and diminished host response (due to smoking, drug abuse, obesity, immunodeficiency states, etc.). Group B Streptococcus and Enterobacteriaceae are the most important organisms associated with the polymicrobial infection. Anaerobes predict post-cesarean section complications. Neonatal pneumonia (2-5%) and early neonatal sepsis (1-4%) are the outcomes of the greatest concern and are caused by group B streptococcal or aerobic gram-negative rod infections. These outcomes are kept to a minimum if maternal antibiotic chemotherapy is started interpartum with agents that are safe, cross the placenta, and are active against GBS and Escherichia coli (e.g., ampicillin plus gentamicin). Anaerobic coverage should be added (clindamycin) if a cesarean section is performed. Antipyretics such as acetaminophen will reduce the hyperthermic stress on the fetus, and persistent fetal tachycardia after antipyretics may indicate fetal infection. Continuous electronic fetal monitoring is appropriate in cases of IAI, and providers should be prepared for neonatal resuscitation, early neonatal intravenous antibiotics, and respiratory support at delivery.
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PMID:Chorioamnionitis and intraamniotic infection. 829 82

In this report an overview is given of the contribution of cognitive approaches to behavioral medicine. The (possible) contribution of cognitive therapy is reviewed in the area of coronary heart disease, obesity, bulimia nervosa, chronic pain, benign headache, cancer, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome/human immunodeficiency virus and asthma. Although the relative contribution of cognitive therapy varies across these various disorders, its positive effects are now well established and new advances undoubtedly will be made in the next few years.
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PMID:Cognitive interventions in behavioral medicine. 841 88

We report on two patients with velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). The first, a 9-year-old girl, presented with microcephaly, characteristic face, congenital heart disease, and velopharyngeal insufficiency. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) study showed deletion of D22S75 (N25), confirming the diagnosis of VCFS. At age 7, she developed joint pain, and polyarticular JRA was diagnosed. Awareness of this case led to the subsequent diagnosis of VCFS (also confirmed by FISH) in another, unrelated 12-year-old girl with characteristic face, hypernasal speech, and obesity. JRA was first diagnosed in this case at age 5 years, and she subsequently developed severe polyarticular disease. Neither patient had clinical or laboratory evidence of immunodeficiency. This observation represents the first report of the association of JRA with VCFS and raises the question of whether this is a coincidental association or a rare complication of this condition.
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PMID:Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in velo-cardio-facial syndrome: coincidence or unusual complication? 928 62

Nutrition is a critical determinant of immune responses and malnutrition the most common cause of immunodeficiency worldwide. Protein-energy malnutrition is associated with a significant impairment of cell-mediated immunity, phagocyte function, complement system, secretory immunoglobulin A antibody concentrations, and cytokine production. Deficiency of single nutrients also results in altered immune responses: this is observed even when the deficiency state is relatively mild. Of the micronutrients, zinc; selenium; iron; copper; vitamins A, C, E, and B-6; and folic acid have important influences on immune responses. Overnutrition and obesity also reduce immunity. Low-birth-weight infants have a prolonged impairment of cell-mediated immunity that can be partly restored by providing extra amounts of dietary zinc. In the elderly, impaired immunity can be enhanced by modest amounts of a combination of micronutrients. These findings have considerable practical and public health significance.
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PMID:Nutrition and the immune system: an introduction. 925 Jan 33

The nutritional condition of children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continues to be a problem both in developed and developing countries. HIV-infected children grow below normal standards in both height and weight when compared with HIV-exposed non-infected children. These patterns persist over time. It is possible that acute infectious episodes and increased HIV viral burden contribute to decrements in all growth variables. Potential aetiologies for abnormal growth include inadequate dietary intake, gastrointestinal malabsorption, increased energy utilization and psycho-social problems. It is likely that all these factors contribute to the growth problems of these children to some extent. With the development of protease inhibitor anti-retroviral therapy and highly-active anti-retroviral treatment regimens, children with HIV infection in developed countries are living longer with a chronic illness. New nutritional problems have arisen with the development of the fat redistribution syndrome or lipodystrophy. Emerging problems are now being recognized, with the development of insulin resistance and truncal obesity which may potentially lead to premature cardiovascular disease.
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PMID:Nutrition in paediatric human immunodeficiency virus infection. 1082 85

Despite tremendous advances in treatment, persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection commonly experience a variety of nutritional problems, such as weight loss, fat redistribution, and obesity. We discuss basic dietary and metabolic problems as they pertain to persons with HIV infection and provide practical suggestions for their management. In all persons, changes in weight are caused by disruptions of energy balance, which can be disturbed by alterations in energy intake (effective ingestion of calories), energy expenditure (use of calories), or both. Factors that contribute to the disturbance of energy balance are discussed in the context of HIV infection. Management of weight loss and weight gain may then be directed at the affected components of energy balance. This information is intended to raise health care providers' attention to nutrition in their patients, including monitoring of weight, dietary issues, and relevant symptoms, and to encourage liaisons with experienced dietitians and exercise trainers.
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PMID:Nutrition in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. 1136 Feb 19

The prevalence of silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) and the factors associated with SMI were evaluated in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who had been receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for > or =12 months and did not have known coronary artery disease or cardiac symptoms. Patients prospectively underwent exercise stress testing. The prevalence of SMI was 11% (11 of 99 patients). Patients who had SMI were significantly older than were patients who did not (mean+/-SD, 51+/-8 years vs. 42+/-9 years; P=0.001) and were more likely to have trunk obesity (54% of patients vs. 17%; P=.004). A significant correlation was found between a positive exercise test result and obesity (correlation,.006), waist-to-hip ratio (.007), and glucose and cholesterol levels (.04; P=.03). In multivariate analysis, age, central fat accumulation, and cholesterol level were independent variables associated with the detection of SMI. Exercise testing might be recommended for patients with HIV who have central fat accumulation and hypercholesterolemia.
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PMID:Exercise stress testing for detection of silent myocardial ischemia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. 1179 81


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