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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in Western countries, with an enormous increase in death rate and involvement of younger age groups during the last decades. This applies especially to coronary heart disease and is mainly caused by first-degree risk factors: hypertension, hyperlipoproteinemia, cigarette smoking, gout, obesity, polycythemia, lack of physical activity, and stress. These risk factors are discussed with special reference to overnutrition and increased cholesterol levels. Recent resuults of research concerning lipids and their relation to atherosclerosis are reviewed.
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PMID:[Etiology and pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis]. 20 5

A matched pairs analysis of 130 cases of endometrial cancer was undertaken to determine the relationship between post-menopausal estrogen treatment and endometrial cancer. 90% of the cases were in FIGO stage I, 6.9% stage II, and 2.3% stage III. The matching took place according to a wide range of criteria, e.g. age at menopause, age at diagnosis, no. of births, weight, etc., within certain tolerances. After the matching was finished, the information on estrogen use was collated, and the relative risk (RR) for various estrogen preparations was calculated according to the length of estrogen treatment. The number of estrogen users was smaller among the women with endometrial cancer than among the control group (p .01); the RR of endometrial cancer does not increase with estrogen use (RR=.44). The same held true when conjugated estrogens, estriol, estradiol, estrogen-androgen preparations, and ovulation inhibitors were considered separately (.05 p . 05). The RR of endometrial cancer does not increase with the length of estrogen treatment. It was also observed that the RR of endometrial cancer was significantly lower (p .01-.001) among women with predisposing factors such as hypertension, obesity, and nulligravidity. This suggests that the risk of endometrial cancer is not increased by estrogen treatment.
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PMID:[Estrogen therapy and carcinoma of the endometrium (author's transl)]. 21 85

In a school population of 532 boys between 10 and 18 years and 287 girls between 10 and 15 years, were drawn up the normal weight height ratios and blood pressures. The frequency of obesity was 6% in both sexes. Girls were more obese than boys. The disease started before the age of 5--6 years. They are frequently familial. A narrow correlation exists between the weight height ratios and blood pressure. The obese patients had in 8 cases a high systolic blood pressure and in 4 cases a high diastolic blood pressure. Half the hypertensive patients were over weight. A strong link between obesity and high blood pressure was also found in the family history. These facts should lead us to treat obesity in children by slimming diets or at least prevent the disease by an appropriate diet. Half the cases of high blood pressure in children and adolescents improved on losing weight.
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PMID:[Obesity, hypertension and their relationship in children and adolescents. An epidemiological study in schools (author's transl)]. 21 12

The incidence of TIA, stroke, and neuropathy was studied in a community-based maturity-onset diabetic population. The frequencies of TIA and stroke were increased in maturity-onset diabetic patients as compared to the population of Rochester, Minnesota. The median age of occurrence of TIA and stroke in diabetics was 74 years, not significantly different from that in non-diabetics. Diabetic patients with hypertension at the time of diagnosis of diabetes mellitus had an increased frequency of TIA and stroke. Control of hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus was associated with a decreased frequency of TIA or stroke. Obesity, clinical coronary heart disease, and an abnormal electrocardiogram at the time of diagnosis of diabetes mellitus were not associated with a significantly increased frequency of TIA or stroke. The most common type of peripheral neuropathy in diabetes mellitus was distal polyneuropathy. Mononeuropathy and autonomic neuropathy were much less frequent. The frequency of distal polyneuropathy increased with the duration of diabetes mellitus. The frequency of neuropathy was increased in patients with poor control, reemphasizing the importance of diabetic control in the prevention of diabetic complications.
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PMID:Neurologic complications of diabetes mellitus: transient ischemic attack, stroke, and peripheral neuropathy. 21 54

A review of the literature concerning the relationship between menopausal estrogen treatment and endometrial carcinoma is presented. Results from animal studies indicate that estrogens may work in conjunction with carcinogenic substances to stimulate proliferation of cancerous growths. Since estrone is produced by fatty tissue, obesity and certain correlated diseases, such as hypertension or diabetes, may be predisposing factors to developing endometrial cancer. Other risk factors are a hereditary predisposition and age. Several American epidemiologica studies showed an increased risk of developing endometrial cancer among women who undergo hormone treatments during menopause. It must be remembered, however, that such studies cannot establish causal relationships. Also, in the American studies, several biases complicate evaluation of the data, e.g. a disregard for social factors, the uncertainty of the state of the endometrium before the beginning of the study, and the inclusion of the problematic "stage 0" into the study. Furthermore, in America there is a tendency to proscribe estrogens alone in high dosages for menopausal treatment over long periods of time. It is concluded that individually determined low-dosage cyclical estrogen therapy during menopause does not increase the risk of endometrial cancer.
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PMID:[Oestrogens during the menopause and the risk of endometrial carcinoma (author's transl)]. 21 69

Cushing's syndrome is characterized by protein wasting secondary to hypergluconeogenesis, which produces thin skin, poor muscle tone, osteoporosis and capillary fragility. These features distinguish patients with true Cushing's syndrome from those who have some of the clinical findings often associated with the syndrome, such as obesity, hypertension, striae and hirsutism. The dexamethasone suppression test helps identify patients with pseudo-Cushing's syndrome.
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PMID:'Not Cushing's syndrome'. 22 Aug 64

Type V hyperlipemia is not very common. The series of 54 cases descrubed here is the largest reported to date. Our observations were recorded when lipidograms showed the presence of chylomicrons and a large pre-beta-lipoprotein spot in the serum of fasting subjects. Type V hyperlipemia was often combined with other metabolic syndromes such as diabetes, hyperuricemia or gout, or obesity. Chronic alcoholism was also noted in half our subjects, in whom hyperlipemia quickly regressed after alcohol consumption ceased. Ischemic arterial complications, chiefly coronary, were found in one third of our cases, and the vascular risks accompanying this type of hyperlipemia rose considerably in patients with high blood pressure. Various type of treatment were administered, but all subjects were put on a special diet, comprising either the elimination of alcoholic drinks only, or, in addition to this, reduced carbohydrate or calorie intake. As a rule, these measures resulted in a distinct regression of lipid anomalies. Clofibrate or derivatives proved effective in cases where hyperlipemia failed to respond to dietary measures.
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PMID:[Type V hyperlipemia. 54 cases (author's transl)]. 22 80

An analysis was made of correlative factors which might be related to the angiographically measured extent of coronary artery disease in 140 patients. All patients presented with clinically important chest pain. Thirty-three had a normal coronary arteriogram. The extent of the atheromatous process was measured precisely at angiography by three different techniques. A coronary score, based on the percentage of luminal narrowing, was found to be best suited for the analysis. The most important contributory factors to the severity of atherosclerosis was duration of clinical history, number of previous myocardial infarctions, and male sex, but more specifically elevation of serum cholesterol and diabetes mellitus. Cigarette smoking, obesity, hypertension, a family history of atherosclerosis, and elevated serum triglycerides had a positive influence but this was not statistically significant.
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PMID:Relationship between extent of coronary artery disease and correlative risk factors. 22 61

The diets and nutrition of hunter-gatherers are discussed with the !Kung Bushmen (San) of the Dobe area, Botswana as the example. In general they show no qualitative deficiency of specific nutrients though they are thin and may be undernourished (by our standards) at some seasons. They show little or no obesity, dental caries, high blood pressure or coronary heart disease; their blood lipid concentrations are very low; and they can live to a good old age if they survive infections or accidents.
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PMID:Diet and nutrition of hunter-gatherers. 24 10

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the extent to which obesity and/or hypertension may modify the response of rats' periodontium to chronic gingival irritation. Forty-four normal, spontaneously hypertensive, obese, and obese-hypertensive rats were used. Histopathologic evaluation of the periodontal structure showed both hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the walls of blood vessels supplying the periodontium in the hypertensive and obese-hypertensive animals. The results also indicated that obesity significantly contributed to e severity of periodontal disease. Hypertension alone was not a significant factor. The obese-hypertensive rats showed the most severe periodontal response to local irritation.
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PMID:Influence of obesity and hypertension on the severity of periodontitis in rats. 26 51


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