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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Authors discuss hyperostosis frontalis interna observed in a large number of aged persons, on the basis of age and sex distribution as well as its clinical and roentgenomorphological analysis. In various forms of the ossification of the frontal bone no significant difference was found between the localisation of hyperostosis and the clinical symptoms. On other hand, there is a direct correlation between the extension and severity of hyperostosis and the frequency of occurence of the associated symptoms (obesity, hypertension). They found the aetiological classification more adequate than the morphological categorization of Moore. Their cases are discussed 1. as partial phenomenon of the Morgagni's syndrome; 2. as independent alteration, showing no other symptoms; 3. as transitionary forms inserted between the two groups mentioned above. They discuss also the question of senile, compensatory hyperostosis frontalis interna. On the basis of the study of a large autopsy material they support the opinion that there is a direct connection of this form with old age.
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PMID:Gerontological aspects of hyperostosis frontalis interna. 2 47

To plan prospective studies of obesity and hypertension, we measured skinfold thickness, weight, blood pressure, and protein fractions in 920 children who were divided according to age, sex, and race. Correlations between measurements were calculated within each of these groups. Children aged 10, 11, and 12 years had direct correlations between diastolic blood pressure and serum albumin level, but inverse correlations between diastolic blood pressure and alpha-globulin level as well as inverse correlations with alpha-globulin level. These correlations did not occur in similar children aged 8, 9, and 10. Although diastolic blood pressure correlated with skinfold thickness in all groups, there was no correlation between skinfold thickness and serum protein levels.
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PMID:Correlation of blood pressure with skinfold thickness and protein levels. 5 84

Liver-function tests measured routinely in hypertensive patients attending the Glasgow Blood Pressure Clinic were abnormal in 15-8% of men and 6-2% of women. The patients studied appeared to be representative of the whole clinic population. Liver dysfunction was related to alcohol consumption, heavy body-weight, male sex, young age, and higher diastolic blood-pressure. It is suggested that alcohol and obesity were the principal causal factors and that fatty infiltration of the liver was the probable pathology. Liver dysfunction was unrelated to treatment. Alcohol use was found to be heavy in 12% of male patients attending the clinic, and this was probably an underestimate. The possibility that alcohol abuse may have a causal role in hypertension needs further study.
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PMID:Liver dysfunction in hypertension. 6 96

A case of bisalbuminemia of slow type was discovered in a 41 year old woman with obesity, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. This abnormality was discovered in six other members of the family and was thus hereditary. After a description of the laboratory tests used, the various forms of bisalbuminemia are described together with the circumstances of onset of the acquired forms, the biochemical and metabolic characteristics of the hereditary forms and their mode of transmission. Bisalbumin is present in all races. The mother of our case was of Italian origin, which permitted us to classify this case with others of Italian origin.
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PMID:[Hereditary bisalbuminemia. Study of a new familial case in France (author's transl)]. 8 Jan 45

Cerebral circulatory disturbances occurred in 42 women between the ages of 17 and 52 who were taking oral contraceptives. The disturbances were primarily in the form of cerebral haemorrhages. The symptoms ranged from ephemeral neurological deficiencies to massive hemi-syndromes. Complete remission occurred in 16 patients, partial remission in 24 patients, two patients died. The patients were subdivided into two age groups, one comprising 31 persons between 17 and 39, and the other 11 persons between 41 and 52 years of age. The aim was to ascertain facts which were related to the possibility of haemorrhage in women taking ovulation inhibitors. The first finding, statistically significant, was that the possibility of a cerebro-vascular disturbance increases with the period during which the pill is taken and that this possibility is especially great in the presence of migraine which may also be existent in the family, and in the case of hypertension. The second finding, not significant however, was that the risk was higher in the presence of several factors in one person. These factors include familial factors with a predisposition to migraine and thrombosis, past illnesses of the peripheral vascular system, a predisposition to allergic reactions, obesity and kidney damage. Should one of these situations or both prevail, the patient will be advised to stop taking the pill, and the contraceptive will be discontinued if certain prodromes are observed in a general form, or if focal symptoms occur.
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PMID:[Acute cerebrovascular disorders caused by ovulation inhibitors]. 12 80

Precursors of sudden death were sought in men--1838 civil servants in Albany, New York, and 2282 residents of Framingham, Massachusetts--under continuous surveillance for 16 years. In men 45-74 years old there were 234 deaths attributed to coronary heart disease (CHD) of which 109 occurred within one hour of onset of symptoms. More than half of all deaths due to CHD occurred outside the hospital and about 80 per cent of these were sudden. Most were unheralded by prior symptoms of CHD. Persons at high risk of death from CHD, including sudden death, can be identified long before the terminal unexpected catastrophe. The same precursive stigmata exist in persons subject ot coronary attacks whether or not immediately fatal. The risk of sudden death in these two populations was positively correlated with high blood pressure, the electrocardiographic pattern of left ventricular enlargement, obesity, and heavy cigarette usage. Sudden death is a common and possibly incidental expression of lethal coronary heart disease. The potential candidate for sudden death cannot be confidently distinguished from the individual who succumbs more slowly of myocardial infarction. The inescapable conclusion is that the prevention of sudden death requires the prevention of coronary attacks.
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PMID:Precursors of sudden coronary death. Factors related to the incidence of sudden death. 12 82

Hypertension studies using laboratory animals have been conducted since 1930. These were not completely satisfactory because either surgery or pharmacologic induction were required to produce hypertensive animals. Many attempts have been made to breed spontaneously hypertensive rats, mainly from the Okamoto strain. The cause of hypertension in the rat, with specific reference to genetic aspects and pathogenicity, were reviewed. The hypertensive rat is an acceptable model for hypertension studies because of the stability of the hypertensive state and the reproducibility of experimental effects. It is a particularly useful model for screening antihypertensive agents. Development of mutant Okamato stran rats which have brain softening, cerebral hemorrhages, and myocardial infarctions would permit the screening of specific therapeutic agents with fewer side-effects. Mutants which develop obesity, hyperlipidism, and early atherosclerosis have been reported in Okamoto strain X Sprague-Dawley rat crosses.
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PMID:The use of spontaneously hypertensive rats for the study of anti-hypertensive agents. 13 78

Estrogenic compounds are the most important group of drugs that can induce hypertension. Studies have shown an incidence of significant hypertension amounting to less than 1% after 1 year of taking oral contraceptives and about 2% after 5 years. The ratio of the incidence of hypertension among ''takers'' to that of ''nontakers'' has been assessed at 1.8 by 1 study and 2.6 by another. Small but significant increments in systolic and diastolic pressures can be discerned during the first 2 years of treatment. Cessation of treatment has resulted in pressures returing to pretreatment levels within 3 months. In those previously normal the highest readings during oral contraceptive use were only 155/90 mm of Hg. Severe hypertension is more likely to occur in the predisposed, and malignant hypertension has been reported. Previous hypertension, toxemia of pregnancy, obesity, and nephropathy are predisposing conditions. Although progestagens, used alone, do not cause clinical hypertension the incidence of hypertension associated with an estrogen-progestogen combination was directly related to the dose of progestagen used. Weight gain is often observed in oral contraceptive users and is occasionally accompanied by edema and hypertension. There is a marked increase in the circulating level of renin substrate (angiotensinogen) which is caused by the estrogen component of the pill. The increase in renin substrate is associated with increase in plasma levels of renin activity, angiotensin 2, and aldosterone, together with a fall in plasma renin concentration. The suppression of plasma renin concentration can persist for weeks after stopping the pill. The factors responsible for hypertension are probably intrinsic and may be either neural, vascular, or renal. Patients taking oral contraceptives should have blood pressure checks at 6-month intervals, and more frequently in high risk cases. In the management of those with only mild blood pressure elevation, such patients should change to a preparation with the lowest available estrogen dosage, 30 mcg of ethinyl estradiol, or reserve the method for use during crucial periods of family planning. With moderate hypertension the oral contraceptive should be suspended for 3-6 months. If the blood pressure falls, oral contraceptives should not be resumed but another method recommended. Continuing hypertension requires further study and possibly elective sterilization. Severe hypertension requires withdrawal of the pill, urgent investigation, and treatment. Other drugs may cause hypertension. Management of these patients is outlined. Structural formulae of progesterone, norethisterone acetate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, and norgestrel are shown.
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PMID:Drug-induced hypertension: pathogenesis and management. 18 40

The families of 13 children who had presented hyperlipoproteinemia at birth were studied. Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and electrophoresis of LP were performed. The parameters studied were divided in three groups: a) Inespecific indicators (alpha-LP, betas/alphas relation). b) Indicators of the beta-LP group (total and LDL cholesterol and beta-LP). c) Indicators of the prebeta-LP group (TG, prebeta-LP and prebeta-1). In all cases at least one of the parents had hyperlipoproteinemia. All the parents, but one, showed alterations in the same group of indicators as their children. Obesity, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, coronary insufficiency, myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident where observed in the families of the hiperlipidemic parents, but not on those of the normolipemic parents.
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PMID:[Hyperlipoproteinemia in children. Correlation between changes in the parents and newborn infant]. 18 99

The diagnosis of florid Cushing's syndrome is usually made without difficulty but diagnostic problems may arise. Five such cases are described. Difficulties may occur when the features of the syndrome are incomplete. Three such cases were encountered. In each only one clinical feature was present; these respectively were hypertension, osteoporosis and obesity. The diagnosis was confirmed, however, biochemically and eventually histologically and there was a good response to surgery in each case. Another diagnostic problem, both clinically and biochemically is the obese, hirsute, hypertensive female. Two such cases are described, in whom Cushing's syndrome was diagnosed clinically and biochemically but in whom there was no response to adrenalectomy. Retrospectively the validity of the original diagnosis is questioned. It is concluded that Cushing's syndrome may present in a very incomplete form and should be considered in the differential diagnosis, even if only one feature is present. It is stressed that obesity, hirsutism, hypertension and depression are commonly found in association with normal adrenal function. Urinary free cortisol and cortisol response to insulin induced hypoglycaemia may be of value in distinguishing these cases from those with endocrine disease.
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PMID:Problems in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. 19 80


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