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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Infusions of monosodium-L-glutamate into the rostral hypothalamus, believed to contain neurons mediating satiety, produced persistent hyperphagia and obesity, thus suggesting that a brain lesion had been produced. Similar infusions into the caudal hypothalamus, believed to contain unmyelinated axons of passage that mediate satiety, failed to alter food intake or body weight. Histological examination of the affected tissue confirmed the behavioral evidence that suggests that this technique spares axons but destroys cell bodies. Infusion of several other amino acids also damaged neurons while sparing axons of passage.
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PMID:Axon-sparing brain lesioning technique: the use of monosodium-L-glutamate and other amino acids. 91 Jan 44

In 1,000 obese persons and 250 persons with normal weight detailed anamneses of nutrition concerning the average daily intake of calories, carbohydrates, protein, fats, cholesterol, saturated and manifold unsaturated fatty acids were made. Obese persons ingested less food than persons with normal weight, - findings which on the one hand are explained with the different habits of eating in the dynamic phase (the hyperalimentation takes place above all in this phase) and the stationary one of obesity, on the other hand a further differentiation in hypophages, normophages and hyperphages should be performed. Finally frequency and structure of the meals are of importance. Tendencies of age did not occur in females, whereas all nutrients in males, beginning with the fourth decade of life, were ingested in a smaller degree than in adolescence. Longitudinal studies on the behaviour concerning nutrition are desirable.
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PMID:[Epidermiologic studies on nutritional behavior of adipose subjects]. 91 May 24

Hyperphagia and obesity are produced both by parasagittal knife cuts through the medial hypothalamus and by coronal knife cuts through the posterior hypothalamus. The results of this study indicate that the two types of cuts produce their overeating effect by severing the same neural pathway. Experiment 1 demonstrated that unilateral parasagittal knife cuts combined with contralateral coronal cuts in either the posterior hypothalamus or the midbrain significantly increase food intake and body weight. Experiment 2 revealed that bilateral parasagittal cuts and bilateral coronal cuts in the hypothalamus produce qualitatively similar effects on food intake, diurnal ingestive pattern, finickiness, and amphetamine anorexia. The two types of cuts differentially altered water intake, however. In Experiment 3, coronal cuts in the posterior hypothalamus, like parasagittal cuts in the medial hypothalamus, were found to increase the food intake and body weight of rats previously given bilateral parasagittal transections through the lateral perifornical region. The neuroanatomy and neurochemistry of the longitudinal feeding inhibitory pathway suggested by these results are discussed.
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PMID:Hyperphagia and obesity produced by parasagittal and coronal hypothalamic knife cuts: further evidence for a longitudinal feeding inhibitory pathway. 92 5

In 1,000 obese persons and 250 persons with normal weight detailed nutrition anamneses concerning the average daily intake of calories, carbohydrates, protein, fats, cholesterol, saturated and repeatedly unsaturated fatty acids were made. Obese persons took less food than persons with normal weight--findings which are to be explained by the different habits of eating in the dynamic (the hyperalimentation takes place above all here) and in the static phase of obesity. There were no age tendencies in women, whereas in men, beginning with the 4th decade of life, all the nutrients were taken in a smaller quantity than in adolescence.
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PMID:[Problems of food absorption with reference to age and obesity]. 94 15

The effects of bilateral lesions of the ventral noradrenergic bundle (VNA) were studied in male rats. In contrast to data reported by others, hyperphagia and obesity were not observed following VNA lesions. Indeed, except for a depression during the first three postoperative days, food intake (FI) of the VNA lesioned animals (VNAL) was normal. Interestingly, the body weight (BW) of the VNAL was significantly reduced compared to the controls, and a pair feeding study indicated that this depression of BW was not due to their FI. Computation of FI per metabolic size showed that the VNAL actually had a significantly increased FI compared to the controls. After a two day fast the VNAL lost more metabolic size than controls and upon refeeding they defended their pre-fast BW. The VNAL rats showed normal body composition and circulating glucose, insulin and prolactin. They had reduced free fatty acids, triglycerides, growth hormone and body length. The data suggest that the mesencephalon influences BW set point, some metabolites and possibly overall metabolism.
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PMID:Mesencephalic lesions resulting in normophagia, reduced weight and altered metabolism. 99 50

Weanling Sprague-Dawley rats received bilateral anodic electrolytic lesions with platinum-iridium (PtIr) electrodes in the ventromedial (VMN) and dorsomedial (DMN) hypothalamic areas. Sham-operated rats served as controls. The rats were maintained for 48 days (experiment 1) and 33 days (experiment 2) and food intake, body weight (b.w.), nose-tail length and obesity index were recorded. The data of both experiments indicate that all parameters change in the same direction, as they do when lesions are produced with anodic stainless steel electrodes: in the VMN-P-lesioned animals, b.w. gains and overall mean food intake were normal, carcass fat increased and linear growth was reduced. In experiment 2, however, there was a temporary hyperphagia during the 1st 2 weeks of the study. In the DMN-lesioned rats, both ponderal and linear growth and food intake were decreased but body composition was normal. Plasma obtained at sacrifice in experiment 2 showed slight but significant hyperinsulinemia in the VMN rats (p less than 0.02 vs control and p less than 0.05 vs DMN rats). Prolactin (PRL) levels, on the other hand, were higher in the DMN-lesioned rats (p less than 0.05 vs control and p less than 0.02 vs VMN rats). The data indicate that the changes characteristic of the weanling rat VMN and DMN syndrmes are due to 'true' tissue destruction rather than to artifactitious side effects of the lesions. They also suggest, therefore, than an 'irritative focus' hypothesis is not required to account for the observed alterations. They further suggest that the DMN may play role in the control of PRL release.
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PMID:Production of weanling rat ventromedial and dorsomedial hypothalamic syndromes by electrolytic lesions with platinum-iridium electrodes. 102 49

The metabolic effect of ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesions, which are known to cause hyperphagia and obesity, has been studied in rats kept on a controlled light and food regimen. The animals were sacrificed at 4 different times during the second postoperative day. A feeding-induced hypersecretion of insulin was found to the VMH-lesioned animals. It was accompanied by a marked hypoglycemia as compared to the control groups during the feeding period. The glycogen content of liver and diaphragm in the lesioned groups is increased as compared to the controls during the same period. The VMH-lesioned animals showed hypertriglyceridemia both in the fed and fasted state, whereas the postabsorptive plasma levels of free fatty acids and glycerol were decreased. An increased level of urea was observed in all lesioned groups. This is in accordance with the demonstrated protein catabolism which follows VMH lesions.
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PMID:The effect of ventromedial hypothalamic lesions on metabolism and insulin secretion in rats on a controlled feeding regimen. 102 15

Single or multiple sets of bilateral knife cuts were made in female rats just lateral to the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) and/or just medial to the lateral hypothalamus (LH). The lateral VMH cuts by themselves produced greater hyperphagia and obesity than did the medial LH cuts. The lateral VMH knife cuts also significantly increased food intake and body weight in rats previously given bilateral cuts along the medial LH border. These findings indicate that the feeding inhibitory fibers responsible for the hyperphagia syndrome do not project from the VMH to the LH, and this calls for a reevaluation of hypothalamic circuitry. It was also discovered that sham surgery has a significant suppressive effect on the hyperphagia syndrome produced by hypothalamic knife cuts.
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PMID:Multiple knife cuts between the medial and lateral hypothalamus in the rat: a reevaluation of hypothalamic feeding circuitry. 105 2

Four-week-old female rats received parasagittal hypothalamic knife cuts. Polydipsia began right surgery, but hyperphagia, obesity, and excessive nose-anal length did not begin until after the rats were 7-8 wk. old. The delayed onset appears to await some maturational event that is required for the expression of hypothalamic obesity. It appears likely that puberty is the critical maturational event.
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PMID:Delayed hyperphagia and increased body length after hypothalamic knife cuts in weanling rats. 105 3

Food and water intake have been measured during the dynamic phase of gold thioglucose-induced obesity in Charles River mice. Regressions of gain in weight with food and water consumption were calculated in young growing animals and in adults fed ad libitum. The influence of fat content in the diet (2.5 and 8% fat) and environmental temperature (68degrees or 79degrees F) was estimated on the regressions. Excessive gain in weight without hyperphagia was observed in growing animals, in adults fed on a fat-enriched diet or maintained within a thermoneutral environment (79degrees F). But a significant hyperphagia was observed in adults fed with a conventional diet and maintained at 68degrees F or in growing animals as a sequela of food deprivation.
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PMID:Food and water intake in gold thioglucose-induced obese Charles River mice. 109 93


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