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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cardiovascular (CV) risk factors change over time with the emergence of clinically recognizable abnormalities (obesity, hypertension and hyperlipoproteinemia) in the second and third decades of life. A cohort of 286 subjects, aged 11-15 in 1973-74 were reexamined 6 years later to observe changes in height, weight, blood pressure, lipids and lipoproteins between adolescence and adulthood. During the 6 years of follow-up, 10-11 year-old males increased 30 cm in height and 32 kg in weight. Among 10-11 year-old girls, height increased 12-15 cm and weight increased 15 kg in whites and 20 kg in blacks. Mean systolic BP increased 16-23 mmHg in black males and 11-15 mmHg in white males. Mean serum total cholesterol levels increased with age such that levels in 20 year olds were 160-190 mg/dl, about 10 to 15 mg/dl higher than 18 year olds. In white males beta-lipoprotein cholesterol increased (13 mg/dl) with age; however, there was a simultaneous decrease in alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol (11 mg/dl), resulting in a dramatic rise in the beta-LPC/alpha-LPC ratio. These adverse changes in LPC may be related to the early development of atherosclerosis and risk for coronary heart disease of young white men. Early identification of hypertension and hyperlipoproteinemia should help to predict and prevent future CV disease.
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PMID:Transitions of cardiovascular risk from adolescence to young adulthood--the Bogalusa Heart Study: II. Alterations in anthropometric blood pressure and serum lipoprotein variables. 394 31

The authors mention the previous conditions to the prescription of a diet for primary hyperlipoproteinemia : definition of the metabolic disease and of its nutritional dependence, precise knowledge of earlier nutritional uses, demonstration of vascular risk factor linked to the hyperlipoproteinemia, i.e. obesity which always requires a hypocaloric diet. A low cholesterol and saturated fatty acid diet reduces by 10% the cholesterolemia, and sometimes exempts from use of medical drugs in moderate hypercholesterolemia. The exceptional hyperchylomicronemia are reduced by drastic reduction of the lipid fraction of the diet, which is compensated by use of MCT. The dietetic treatment of endogenous hypertriglyceridemia depends on their nutritional dependence : an alcohol dependence implies a complete suppression of alcoholic drinks. A glucid dependence implies the suppression of simple carbohydrates and a reduction of the glucidic fraction of the diet.
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PMID:[Dietetic treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias]. 631 17

The authors mention the previous conditions to the prescription of a diet for primary hyperlipoproteinemia: definition of the metabolic disease and of its nutritional dependance, precise knowledge of earlier nutritional uses, demonstration of vascular risk factor linked to the hyperlipoproteinemia, i.e. obesity which always requires a hypocaloric diet. A low cholesterol and saturated fatty acid diet reduces by 10% the cholesterolemia, and sometimes exempts from use of medical drugs in moderate hypercholesterolemia. The exceptional hyperchylomicronemia are reduced by drastic reduction of the lipid fraction of the diet, which is compensated by use of MCT. The dietetic treatment of endogenous hypertriglyceridemia depends on their nutritional dependance: an alcohol dependance implies a complete suppression of alcoholic drinks. A glucid dependance implies the suppression of simple carbohydrates and a reduction of the glucidic fraction of the diet.
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PMID:[Diet treatment of hyperliproteinemias]. 634 41

Serum lipids and lipoproteins were measured in 157 insulin dependent diabetic children and adolescents (IDDM) and in 350 healthy reference individuals. Serum triglyceride values were lower and total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol higher in IDDM. Metabolic regulation reflected by glucosuria, postprandial blood glucose, number of hypoglycemic episodes and hemoglobin A1c all correlated strongly with serum triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Serum lipids and lipoproteins did not correlate with obesity. Three children had genetic hyperlipoproteinemia. In IDDM measurement of serum lipids and lipoproteins can thus be used to further assess metabolic regulation. Measurement of serum lipids and lipoproteins seems warranted for future evaluation of the risk of cardiovascular disease in IDDM.
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PMID:Serum lipids and lipoproteins in 157 insulin dependent diabetic children and adolescents in relation to metabolic regulation, obesity and genetic hyperlipoproteinemia. 634 44

There is a close epidemiological association between obesity and elevated blood pressure for all age groups, although not every obese individual becomes hypertensive. In populations without age-related increases in body weight, an elevation of blood pressure with age is not seen. Mechanisms included in the development of hypertension in obesity are hyperinsulinemia, insulin induced sodium retention and increased sympathetic tone. Overnutrition with over intake of sodium and lack of physical exercise contribute to the metabolic syndrome of obesity. Thus, weight reduction by decreased energy uptake and increased physical exercise is recommended in the treatment of hypertension in obese patients. The resulting fall in insulin levels may lead to decreased sodium absorption in the kidney. Although treatment of obesity by weight loss decreases blood pressure substantially, a minority of patients do not respond to the weight loss. Blood pressure generally decreases before normal weight is achieved. Salt intake reduction does not appear to explain why weight reduction lowers blood pressure. Reduced levels of plasma renin activity, serum aldosterone levels, catecholamine levels and serum insulin levels may be involved in the blood pressure lowering associated with weight loss. Since the risk of cardiovascular disease in the hypertensive patient is not only determined by the blood pressure, an overall treatment which aims at reduction of other risk factors such as glucose intolerance and hyperlipoproteinemia is advocated. Thus, in any obese hypertensive patient normalization of excess body weight and increased physical activity appears to be the first and most important step of any rational therapeutic strategy.
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PMID:Obesity and hypertension: epidemiology, mechanisms, treatment. 636 45

Obesity as well as hyperlipoproteinemia increase in old age. There are some differences between both diseases with regard to their activity as risk factors. Both diseases are caused by environmental phenomena as for instance overeating and immobility.
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PMID:[Diseases of lipid metabolism in advanced age. Relation to environmentally-induced factors]. 661 Jun 15

Impairment of fibrinolysis is supposed to contribute to CVD. In 38 hyperlipoproteinemic patients, known to be at risk for early CVD, fibrinolytic activity was measured before and after stimulation with DDAVP. A negative correlation was found between serum triglyceride levels and fibrinolytic activity, both before and after DDAVP. A subnormal activity was invariably found when serum triglyceride concentration was above 8 mmol/L. The defect can be attributed to low levels of extrinsic plasminogen activator. High cholesterol levels were not associated with impairment of fibrinolysis. Fibrinolytic activity and response to DDAVP were lowest in those patients with hypertriglyceridemia who also had a tendency to develop hyperchylomicronemia. (type V/IV). The low fibrinolytic activity in this type of hyperlipoproteinemia cannot be explained by obesity. Factor VIII was higher than normal in most patients with hyperlipoproteinemia; the level increased after stimulation with DDAVP in every patient. This imbalance between coagulation and fibrinolysis might increase the risk of CVD.
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PMID:Response to fibrinolytic activity and factor VIII-related antigen to stimulation with desmopressin in hyperlipoproteinemia. 680 18

The incidence of thromboses among young women has increased with widespread use of oral contraceptives (OCs) due to the significant thromboembolic risk of estrogen. Estrogens intervene at the vascular, platelet, and plasma levels as a function of hormonal variations in the menstrual cycle, increasing the aggregability of the platelets and thrombocytes, accelerating the formation of clots, and decreasing the amount of antithrombin III. Estrogens are used in medicine to treat breast and prostate cancers and in gynecology to treat dysmenorrhea, during the menopause, and in contraception. Smoking, cardiovascular disease and hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes are contraindicators to estrogen use. Thrombosis refers to blockage of a blood vessel by a clot or thrombus. Before estrogens are prescribed, a history of phlebitis, obesity, hyperlipidemia, or significant varicosities should be ruled out. A history of venous thrombosis, hyperlipoproteinemia, breast nodules, serious liver condition, allergies to progesterone, and some ocular diseases of vascular origin definitively rule out treatment with estrogens. A family history of infarct, embolism, diabetes, cancer, or vascular accidents at a young age signals a need for greater patient surveillance. All patients receiving estrogens should be carefully observed for signs of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypercoagulability, or diabetes. Nurses have a role to play in carefully eliciting the patient's history of smoking, personal and family medical problems, and previous and current laboratory results, as well as in informing the patients of the risks and possible side effects of OCs, especially for those who smoke. Nurses should educate patients receiving estrogens, especially those with histories of circulatory problems, to avoid standing in 1 position for prolonged periods, avoid heat which is a vasodilator, avoid obesity, excercise regularly, wear appropriate footgear, and follow other good health practices.
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PMID:[Estrogens and vascular thrombosis]. 692 85

The clinical findings in 63 patients with xanthomas were analysed. Among them 5 had xanthelasmas and normal lipids. The largest group (37) consisted of females with xanthelasmas and heterozygotic form of hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) type II. In this group HDL cholesterol values (1,5 mmol/l) were normal and ischemic heart disease (IHD) was rare. However, in 14 males HDL values (1,1 mml/l) were low while IHD was common. Cholesterol deposits in the folds of the palm (xanthochtomia striata palmaris), tuberous xanthoma and peripheral artery changes were characteristical findings for all three patients with HLP type III. In patients with HLP type IV and eruptive xanthomas, obesity was common finding (4/4) and disturbed glycoregulation (2/4) and triglyceride values were very high (X = 61,1 mmol/l).
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PMID:[Xanthomatosis in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia]. 696 4

Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) appears to be one of the factors controlling the intravascular turnover rate of cholesterol. LCAT activity in healthy subjects is significantly higher in men than in women of the same relative body weight, total and free cholesterol and triglycerides. In healthy men sleep deprivation induced a decrease in LCAT activity combined with a decline of serum cholesterol concentration; consequently, the intravascular turnover rate of cholesterol did not significantly change. In hypertensive patients the decrease in cholesterol turnover rate correlated with the degree of hypertension and the response of blood pressure to medication. Reduced turnover rate of cholesterol was more frequent in men than in women, in spite of higher plasma cholesterol concentration in the latter. During a 4-month period of treatment etiroxate of hyperlipoproteinemia II and IV, the only significant change in plasma cholesterol level was a drop observed after the first two weeks; on the other hand, the turnover rate of cholesterol rose gradually and approached normal values due to a highly increased LCAT activity. Obesity and diabetes were associated with a high percentage of deviations in the studied parameters of cholesterol metabolism. The turnover rate of cholesterol measured three months after acute myocardial infarction was below normal in 80% of patients, whereas hypercholesterolemia was manifested in only less than 40%. The results imply that the intravascular turnover rate of cholesterol estimated by measurement of LCAT activity may be a suitable indicator of the internal balance of cholesterol, substantially more delicate and discriminative than a mere determination of the actual plasma concentration of cholesterol or plasma lipoprotein. Judging by our observations, deviations in the internal dynamics of cholesterol may play an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Cholesterol turnover and risk factors for the development of coronary heart disease. 707 90


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