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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The prudent reducing diets relatively low in fat and rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids prepared with the intension of lowering lipid and applied to the cardiovascular patient with hyperlipemia and obesity. The diet is effective to the depress of serum lipid and the reducing body weight and I.R.I. in serum revert to normal levels and normal type.
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PMID:Dietary treatment of the cardiovascular patient with the hyperlipidemia and the long term dietary control of the hyperlipidemia. 111 87

The relation between K2 and PHLA was studied in human subjects with special reference to clinical data determined by routine laboratory and physical examinations. The results obtained by Multiple Regression Analysis indicated that those factors which may contribute to K2 variation were fasting triglyceride level and age. There was an inverse partial correlation between K2 and fasting triglyceride level and between K2 and age. The first and second principal components calculated by Principal Component Analysis indicated that K2 is closely related to obesity and hyperlipidemia, especially hypertriglyceridemia, while PHLA related to albumin. These two components also suggested that K2 fibes different clinical information from that obtained by PHLA measurement. There was no partial correlation between K2 and PHLA. The various lipoprotein paper electrophoretic patterns, type IIa, type IIb, type IV and normal patterns, were clearly characterized by such factors as K2, plasma triglyceride and degree of obesity which has high coefficients in the first principal component.
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PMID:Study of an intravenous fat tolerance test with Intralipid. II. The relation between K2 and PHLA with special reference to clinical data in human subjects. 112 24

In order to determine whether the development of myocardial infarction in different countries is associated with different risk factors, 240 male survivors, aged 40 or less, were studied in nine countries. In the seven centres in developed countries (Auckland, Melbourne, Los Angles/Atlanta, Cape Town, Tel Avic, Heidelberg, and Edinburgh) there was a high procedure of risk factors, particularly of hyperlipidaemia and cigarette smoking. The prevalence of hypertension, obesity, hyperglycaemia, and hyperuricaemia varied from centre to centre. Risk factors were less prevalent in Bombay and Singapore: the most common risks operating in Bombay seemed to be cigarette smoking and hyperglycaemia, while in Singpore cigarette smoking was the commonest. The mean age of the whole group was 35.4 years. Serum cholesterol levels of 7.25 mmol/l (280 mg/dl) or more were present in 25 per cent of all patients, serum triglyceride levels of 2.26 mmol/l )l200 mg/dl) or more in 35 per cent. 80 per cent of the patients were smokers, and 15 per cent were either for hypertension before myocardial infarction or had a raised blood pressure after myocardial infarction. Obesity was found in 19 per cent of all patients and serum uric acid levels over 0.5 mmol/l (8.5 mg/dl) in 17 per cent. 10 per cent of all patients were either treated for diabetes mellitus before myocardial infarction or showed an abnormal glucose tolerance after myocardial infarction. This collaborative study may help, by showing differences in the prevalence of risk factors, to indicate to each centre and to national and to international organizations, the direction for their future studies into the causation and prevention of myocardial infarction in young men.
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PMID:Myocardial infarction in young men. Study of risk factors in nine countries. 113 58

This is a response to 2 previous articles in the Journal which confirmed the association between the risk of myocardial infarction and the taking of combined oral contraceptive pills. An alternative method of contraception should be recommended for women over age 34 years if they have predisposing risk factors, such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, or Type 2 hyperlipidemia. The effect of the combined estrogen-progestogen pill may be synergistic. With other methods of contraception there may be a greater risk of pregnancy. However, after age 34 the fecundity is less. In case of failure, early abortion, if acceptable, should be offered. Sterilization might be best. Vasectomy for the husband offers a good alternative.
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PMID:Letter: Oral contraceptives in women over 34. 115 1

A new strain of rat characterized by genetic obesity, endogenous hyperlipidemia, and hypertension was obtained in this laboratory. The abnormal phenotype is inherited as a homozygous recessive trait. The animals exhibit marked hypertriglyceridemia, moderate hypercholesterolemia, and an electrophoretic pattern resembling that of human Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia. The average life-span is less than 1 year, due largely to the development of premature renal and vascular disease. The kidney lesion has both glomerulonephritic and nephrosclerotic components and is accompanied by marked proteinuria. About 12% of animals develop urinary tract calculi. The vascular disease consists of fibrous and fatty-fibrous intimal plaques, and polyarteritis. The obese animal offers a useful model for investigating abnormal lipid metabolism and the etiology and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Pathologic findings and laboratory data in a new strain of obese hypertensive rats. 117 27

This study involved a 1st generation of 194 aged residents at the Philadelphia Geriatric Center plus 2nd and 3rd generations of 357 and 306 offspring, respectively. Serum cholesterol levels (including type of abnormality) and triglyceride levels were determined. The results suggest that hyperlipidemia at all ages is related to a familial genetic problem. The data on each generation, starting even with the 80-year-old parents, could be used to predict lipid abnormalities in each succeeding generations. However, when comparing the 1st generation with the 3rd generation, predictability was lacking, probably because of the inclusion of two sets of spouses and many enviromental factors that altered the situation. In the 2nd generation, 40 per cent of the subjects had an elevated lipid level compared to 30 per cent in the 1st and 3rd generations. The higher concentrations in the 2nd generation probably reflected increased risk factors such as improper diets, smoking, hypertension, obesity and stress at that age level. Hyperlipidemia in the aged apparently is not just a metabolic degenerative abnormality. It should be treated, as in younger people. Data on risk factors such as a high blood lipid level may help not only the aged, but succeeding generations.
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PMID:Lipidemia--a multigeneration predictability study. 117 50

Blood glucose, free fatty acid and insulin responses to oral glucose and the fasting serum lipids were measured in 3 groups: 32 non-obese (mean age: 47.5 years) and 9 obese (mean age: 84.5 years), male patients with coronary heart disease and 12 non-obese male controls (mean age: 46.5 years). The oral glucose tolerance tests were repeated after 3 years in 16 of the non-obese patients with coronary heart disease. The results were as follows: 1) Glucose tolerance was impaired in 19 of 32 non-obese patients (59.4%). There was a significant correlation between impaired glucose tolerance and hyperlipidemia (hypercholesterolemia and/or hypertriglyceridemia). 2) In obese patients FFA levels at 30, 60, and 120 min after oral glucose administration were significantly elevated and FFA decrease was delayed with a drop to minimum levels at 180 min. 3) The insulin response after oral glucose administration in the group of non-obese patients with normal glucose tolerance was similar to that of non-obese controls. In the group of non-obese patients with impaired glucose tolerance, serum insulin levels went up to normal levels, but the peak was delayed. The serum insulin levels in obese patients were significantly higher than those of controls of 0, 60, 120, and 180 min. After 3 years the change in insulin response to oral glucose was not related to anginal symptoms or ECG findings, but was related to body weight change in patients with minor changes in glucose tolerance. 4) The metabolic pattern in the non-obese group with impaired glucose tolerance resembled that of "mild diabetes" in delayed response of insulin and FFA, and mild hyperlipidemia. These findings suggest that obesity may contribute to hyperinsulinemia in patients with coronary heart disease and that impaired glucose tolerance observed in patients with coronary heart disease is in part due to "latent diabetes".
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PMID:Glucose tolerance, serum insulin and lipid abnormalities in patients with coronary heart disease. 118 89

A new strain of genetically obese rat recently obtained in our laboratory exhibits endogenous hyperlipidemia (marked hypertriglyceridemia and moderate hypercholesterolemia) and spontaneous hypertension. The animals die prematurely from kidney failure or from the complications of atherosclerosis. A low calorie diet proved to be highly beneficial to these rats. Body weight declined, obesity diminished, the hypertriglyceridemia was almost eliminated, and the hypercholesterolemia was reduced. However, the hypertensive state was not alleviated. Since the life span of the rats was greatly prolonged by a low calorie diet, the latter undoubtedly served to prevent or arrest the development of renal and vascular disease in these obese animals.
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PMID:Effect of low calorie diet on the hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and life span of genetically obese rats. 125 Aug 73

Glucagon concentration and regulation were examined in the Zucker rat, in which obesity and hyperlipemia are phenotypic expressions of an autosomal recessive gene. Using littermate animals which are phenotypically thin and normolipemic as controls, we observed reduced basal plasma glucagon levels in the obese lipemic rats. In response to fasting, obese lipemic animals inappropriately demonstrated a further reduction in plasma glucagon concentration. In response to pharmacologic glucagon stimulation (arginine), a subnormal rise in plasma glucagon concentration was observed in the obese, lipemic animals. Glucagon suppressibility with exogenous glucose remained intact. The reduced secretion of glucagon may be a consequence of the abnormal elevation in concentration of plasma insulin, free fatty acids, and glucose, which are characteristic of the obese, lipemic animal. A possible role of glucagon deficiency in the evolution or maintenance of the lipemic state is suggested.
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PMID:Endogenous glucagon regulation in genetically hyperlipemic obese rats. 127 76

The initial management of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) should include patient education, dietary counselling and, when feasible, individualised physical activity. It is only when such measures fail that drug therapy should be considered. Dietary management of NIDDM includes a restriction in calories, and these should be appropriately distributed as carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Supplementation of the diet with soluble fibre and supplementation with magnesium salts if hypomagnesaemia is demonstrated, is recommended. However, supplementation with fish oils or with fish oil-derived omega-3 fatty acids is not currently recommended. Oral drug therapies used in NIDDM include sulphonylurea derivatives, which are a first-line treatment in patients who are not grossly obese, metformin, which is the treatment of choice for obese patients, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors such as acarbose, which are used mainly to reduce postprandial blood glucose peaks. These types of drugs can be used alone or in combination. Insulin therapy may be required to achieve adequate control of blood glucose levels in some patients. In several instances, it is suggested that insulin therapy be combined with sulphonylureas (essentially when residual insulin secretion is present), with metformin, or with alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. The treatment of disorders associated with NIDDM, such as obesity, hypertension or hyperlipidaemia, requires particular attention in diabetic patients, since some drugs can adversely affect glycaemic control. Oral drugs for the treatment of NIDDM include sulphonylurea derivatives used in first-line treatment in patients who are not grossly obese, metformin, which is often the treatment of choice for obese patients and, more recently, the alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, such as acarbose, which are effective in reducing the postprandial rise in blood glucose.
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PMID:Management of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 128 May 75


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