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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 500 obese patients (146 men, mean age 37 +/- 13 years, Broca index 147 +/- 24; 354 women, mean age 36 +/- 14 years, Broca index 151 +/- 28) cardiovascular risk factors (RF) were investigated. The most frequent RF was hypertension (71 per cent), followed by glucose intolerance (49 per cent), hypertriglyceridemia (31 per cent), hypercholesterolemia (22 per cent) and hyperuricemia (22 per cent). Only 12 per cent of the patients were without RF. These patients were younger and less obese than the patients with RF. The prevalence of RF increased with increasing age and overweight. Analysis revealed significant correlations between overweight and blood pressure, blood glucose, insulin and age. Significant correlations between age and hypertension, blood glucose cholesterol, triglycerides and overweight were detected. The correlation between overweight and the sum of all RF was higher (r = 0.35) than the one between age and the sum of all (r = 0.23). Obese patients had a high prevalence of RF. Increasing overweight and (to a lesser extent) age are both associated with increased prevalence of RF. On the basis of the prevalence of RF, patients with gross obesity (Broca index greater than around 150) were considered to be at a high risk in respect of coronary heart disease.
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PMID:Cardiovascular risk factors in gross obesity. 61 33

An association of coronary artery occlusion, as determined by coronary arteriography with age, prevalence of risk factors and alcohol intake was studied in 1635 male and 371 female heart patients. The degree of coronary artery occlusion was positively related to elevated cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, diabetes, age and history of smoking for both male and female patients. Hypertension was related to the degree of occlusion only for female patients. Male and female patients who had a higher alcohol intake tended to have less extensive occlusion. No positive association was found between obesity and the degree of occlusion. When the patients were divided on the basis of age (less than 50 and greater than or equal to 50 years) the findings did not differ. The lack of finding a relation between obesity and occlusion or between hypertension and occlusion for males differs from the general findings of epidemiologic studies on the relation between these risk factors and coronary heart disease. The authors believe that this discrepancy may either be explained by the way they selected patients (i.e., they selected patients who underwent a diagnostic angiographic examination), or that obesity and hypertension are not directly related to coronary occlusion but influence occlusive disease through some secondary mechanism.
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PMID:Risk factors and angiographically determined coronary occlusion. 62 92

The relationship between age, biomedical risk factors and the progression of occlusive disease of the coronary arteries was studied in 176 patients (age range, 27-66 years) who had undergone at least two cine angiograms. The biomedical risk factors of interest were serum concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, family history of coronary disease, electrocardiographic abnormalities, obesity, and age. The findings did not reveal any significant differences in mean lipid levels between patients showing progression of disease and those who did not. However, the distribution of serum cholesterol values indicated more hypercholesterolemic patients among the disease-progression group, and more patients with ideal cholesterol levels among the no-progression group. The other biomedical variables did not appear to be related to the progression of coronary disease. Among the older patients, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus were related to disease progression. Among the younger patients, smoking was related to progression.
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PMID:Relationship of age and biomedical risk factors to progression of coronary artery disease. 65 67

Epidemiological studies show that coronary heart disease is more common in wealthier countries than in poorer. Such studies cannot, however, isolate which of the dietary or nondietary characteristics of affluence help to cause the disease; they provide only clues that need to be subjected to experimental study. Experiments should be designed on the basis of their ability to produce the multiple abnormalties associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) and not only hypercholesterolemia. They should also explain the association of CHD with obesity, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, and physical inactivity. These considerations suggest that the underlying abnormality that produces CHD is a disturbed hormonal balance. Experiments have shown that a high consumption of sucrose produces not only the wide range of abnormalities seen in CHD but also an increased blood concentration of insulin and cortisol. Since a low intake of sucrose confers many other health benefits, it is a more logical dietary recommendation than that of substituting polyunsaturated fat for saturated fat.
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PMID:Dietary factors in arteriosclerosis: sucrose. 67 74

In a series of 175 adult renal transplant patients 59% of patients had hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemia in these patients was characterized by both hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia and on lipoprotein electrophoresis was demonstrated to be a mixture of types IIa, IIb and IV hyperlipoproteinemia. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels could both be related to the dosage of prednisone these patients received. Serum triglyceride levels could further be correlated with obesity and negatively with the duration of graft function. The latter relationship was felt to reflect the lower dose of prednisone that was administered the longer the duration of graft function. Hypertriglyceridemia was more prevalent in the 47 transplant patients who received kidneys from cadaver donors than in the 128 patients who received kidneys from related-donors. The cadaver-donor renal transplant patients, however, were receiving a larger maintenance dose of corticosteroids and had had functioning transplants for a shorter period of time. In 17 patients followed for up to 20 wks immediately following transplantation both hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia developed within 8 wks of transplantation and persisted for the remaining 12 wks. Both serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in this early post-transplant phase could be related to the cumulative prednisone dosage.
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PMID:Hyperlipidemia following renal transplantation. 78 85

The prevalence, nature and possible aetiology of post-transplantation hyperlipidaemia were studied in 94 renal allograft recipients. Sixty-five per cent of the group had hypercholesterolaemia or hypertriglyceridaemia, and types IIb and IV were the commonest forms of hyperlipoproteinaemia encountered. The pathogenesis of post-transplantation hyperlipidaemia is complex. Hypertriglyceridaemia was maximal in the first year after transplantation and could be correlated with high corticosteroid dosage during this period. Thereafter hypertriglyceridaemia was less marked and was related to obesity, corbohydrate intolerance and basal insulin levels. Mean cholesterol levels were elevated throughout the post-transplantation period, varied little and could not be related to corticosteroid dosage, body weight, carbohydrate intolerance, basal insulin levels or renal dysfunction.
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PMID:Hyperlipidaemia in renal transplant patients. 78 23

There exist certain pathological eating behaviors (they deviate from the usual eating pattern in a given environment; ex.: hyperphagia, alcoholism, bulimia, nibbling sweets, etc.): there also exist certain pathogenic, though not pathological, eating behaviors (a "normal" behavior may induce an affection in given subjects; ex.: obesity in subjects with a normal caloric intake, hypercholesterolemia in subjects with a normal lipid intake, etc.). In the perspective of Public Health, the field of pathological behavior calls for specialized individual interventions, which can sometimes serve as research models; but the field of pathogenic behavior is now such a widespread social phenomenon (50% of the female population wishes to reduce, 50% of the male population dies from alimentary-linked cardiovascular diseases) that it must be systematically investigated. Such investigations would require: 1. A typology assessing the effectiveness of all the techniques aimed at a modification of eating behavior, whether preventive or therapeutic (through information, pressure, learning); 2. A typology of the resistance to change, whether physiological, psychological or psychosocial. A study of both typologies is necessary since until now all the attempts to induce a population as a whole to renounce food plethora have been unsuccessful, except when imposed by economic or political motivations. Moreover, in a society oriented toward consuming, a change in eating behaviors must be "consumable", that is, at once adequate and gratifying, in order to be accepted.
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PMID:[Resistance to modification of dietary behavior]. 80 Jul 13

A study of the distribution of the various risk factors for coronary artery disease as a function of the age and sex of a homogenous population of 316 patients has brought to light the following findings: -- These was found to be a greater incidence (statistically significant) of hypertension disorders of glucose metabolism obesity and hypercholesterolaemia in the females, and of tobacco consumption (cigarettes) and, to a lesser extent, of hypertriglyceridaemia and of gout in the males; -- The females who 'tot up' risk factors have their myocardial infarction at a greater age than the males -- The risk factor which separates the two sexes in the consumption of cigarette tobacco. These findings agree with those already in the literature.
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PMID:[Myocardial infarction: comparative study of principal risk factors in the two sexes]. 82 69

In 150 middle-aged men prone to coronary disease, long-term data based on the Chicago Coronary Prevention Evaluation Program's diet showed that there was a favorable effect on fasting glycemia level and glucose tolerance. This diet for reducing obesity and hypercholesterolemia was low in cholesterol and saturated fat and moderate in polyunsaturated and total fat, with replacement of some fat by carbohydrate. At 2 years, decreased weight and serum cholesterol values of normoglycemic men were accompanied by a modest but significant fall in fasting and postload glycemia; at 4 years. fasting glycemia levels remained slightly below baseline. For men with suspect fasting hyperglycemia at baseline, sustained fall in weight and serum cholesterol value was associated with sizeable long-term reductions in fasting glycemia and improvement of glucose tolerance. Decrease in plasma glucose was significantly related to decrease in weight. No evidence of impairment of glucose tolerance with years-long consumption of this diet was recorded.
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PMID:Plasma glucose levels: long-term effect of diet in the Chicago Coronary Prevention Evaluation Program. 83 35

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercholesterolemia rised with the weight index until Broca = 1,2; at higher degrees of obesity it remained constant or even slightly decreased Dresden Study). The subcutaneous adipose tissue of the abdomen exhibited against controls an excessive hypertrophy in subclinical diabetics, maturity onset-diabetics and hyperlipoproteinemics of types IIb, IV, and V. With this respect, between these groups there were no significant quantitative differences. Juvenile onset diabetics had abnormal small as well as large fat cells.
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PMID:[Significance of fatty tissue hypertrophy for the metabolic risk]. 91 May 25


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