Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The body cholesterol pool increases with decreasing plasma-high-density-lipoprotein (H.D.L.) but is unrelated to the plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and other lipoproteins. This finding supports existing evidence that H.D.L. facilitates the uptake of cholesterol from peripheral tissues and its transport to the liver for catabolism and excretion. Plasma-H.D.L., is reduced in several conditions associated with an increased risk of future ischaemic heart-disease (I.H.D.), namely hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaimia, male sex, obesity, and diabetes mellitus, while subjects with existing clinical I.H.D. have lower levels of H.D.L. than healthy subjects within the same community. It is proposed that a reduction of plasma-H.D.L. concentration may accelerate the development of atherosclerosis, and hence I.H.D., by impairing the clearance of cholesterol from the arterial wall.
 ...
PMID:Plasma-high-density-lipoprotein concentration and development of ischaemic heart-disease. 4 38

The prevalence of clinical and sub-clinical occlusive arterial disease and of risk factors implicated in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis was assessed in 21 patients with chronic renal failure, 27 on maintenance haemodialysis and 51 renal allograft recipients. Clinical occlusive arterial disease was present in 27 patients, and sub-clinical arterial disease in 34. Myocardial infarction, cerebral thrombosis and lower limb arterial thrombosis had occurred only in the transplant recipients; these patients had, however, been followed for a longer period of time than the other two groups. In the allograft recipients, the cumulative incidence of any occlusive arterial disease was 416 per 1000, and that of coronary heart disease was 267 per 1000 at six years. Hypertension was present in 76 per cent of patients prior to renal replacement therapy. Following institution of definitive therapy, hypertension was of shorter duration and less common in haemodialysis patients than in renal transplant recipients. Uraemic and haemodialysis patients with occlusive arterial disease had required antihypertensive medication for significantly longer than those free of arterial disease. Transplant recipients with hypertension had a greater mean serum creatinine, were receiving a larger maintenance dosage of corticosteroids and less frequently had undergone prior bilateral nephrectomy than those transplant patients without hypertension. Serum lipid levels were elevated in 62 per cent of patients. In the uraemic and haemodialysis patients hypertriglyceridaemia was the predominant abnormality while in the transplant recipients combined hypertriglyceridaemia/hypercholesterolaemia was more frequent. Despite regular aluminium hydroxide therapy 81 per cent of uraemic and haemodialysis patients had a calcium X phosphate product higher than normal. Arterial and/or soft tissue calcification as demonstrable in 20-38 per cent of patients within each group, but could not be related to the calcium X phosphate product of radiographic evidence of hyperparathyroidism. Glucose intolerance was present in 71 per cent of the uraemic and haemodialysis patients and 33 per cent of the transplant recipients. Hyperuricaemia, cigarette smoking, obesity and a sedentary existence were also prevalent. The majority of patients had several risk factors implicated in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis. Occlusive arterial disease is a major problem in patients with end stage renal disease, being no less common after transplantation than with long-term maintenance dialysis. The aetiology is multifactorial.
 ...
PMID:Occlusive arterial disease in uraemic and haemodialysis patients and renal transplant recipients. A study of the incidence of arterial disease and of the prevalence of risk factors implicated in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis. 32 93

The incidence of cardiovascular risk factors was studied in 83 renal transplant recipients: 84.3% showed at least one cardiovascular risk factor, hyperuricaemia was found in 42.2%, hypertension in 39.7%, hypercholesterolaemia in 31.3%, hypertriglyceridaemia in 27.7%, diabetes mellitus in 19.3%, obesity in 14% and nicotine abuse in 13.2% of the patients. Patients aged from 30 to 39 and 40 to 49 showed a mean incidence of 2.7 and 2.9, respectively out of the 7 investigated cardiovascular risk factors. The results demonstrate that renal transplant patients are a high-risk group for the development of degenerative cardiovascular diseases.
 ...
PMID:[Frequency of cardiovascular risk factors in renal transplant patients (author's transl)]. 35 73

This paper reviews and discusses the evidence supporting the involvement of defective fibrinolysis in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, with emphasis on diabetes mellitus. According to the literature, defective fibrinolysis has been observed in association with virtually every major "risk factor" for coronary heart disease, including diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, obesity, cigarette smoking and lack of physical exercise. The interrelationships between disturbances in carbohydrate and fat metabolism and fibrinolysis are considered. Attention is drawn to the need for increased clinical attention to the potential role of defective fibrinolysis in atherogenesis, and periodic assessments of the fibrinolytic status are suggested as a promising approach toward early recognition of atherosclerotic tendency and risk. The judicious use of physiologic, dietary and pharmacologic means to correct defective fibrinolysis prophylactically and for the treatment of some forms of atherosclerosis is advocated.
 ...
PMID:Fibrinolysis and risk factors of atherosclerotic disease, with special emphasis on diabetes mellitus. 35 70

An optimal diet cannot yet be defined. If we knew what an optimal diet was, additional research in nutrition would not be necessary. There is abundant evidence, however, that the usual American diet is not optimal and adequate reason to recommend modification. Current dietary recommendations were developed to prevent the occurrence of nutritional deficiency disease in the 1930's and 1940's. They have been largely successful. They were made, however, before any knowledge was available about the effects of diet upon chronic disease which now represent the primary health problems of the United States. Large amounts of data are available indicating the kids of recommendations which should be made to control hypercholesterolemia--a primary risk factor of coronary artery disease. These kinds of data together with less information upon diet and cancer, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, etc. lead to sensible and consistent dietary recommendations to moderate the dietary practices of most Americans.
 ...
PMID:Optimal nutrition. 44 85

In 196 patients with angina pectoris selective coronary angiography was performed, and the extent of angiographically proven coronary artery stenoses was described by means of a coronary score. A significant correlation between the degree of atherosclerotic lesions on the one hand and hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia as well as smoking habits on the other hand was detected. No correlation between other risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperuricemia and obesity, and the coronary score was observed.
 ...
PMID:[Coronary risk factors and extent of angiographically proven coronary artery stenoses (author's transl)]. 46 94

An acute myocardial infarction was observed in a 62-year-old patient with hemophilia A, as well as myxedema, hypertension, obesity, hypercholesterolemia and angina pectoris. The occurrence of myocardial infarction in hemophiliacs is rare, and, to the best of our knowledge, this patient represents the fourth documented case in the literature.
 ...
PMID:Acute myocardial infarction in a hemophiliac. 46 25

We investigated the relation in women of various factors to risk of myocardial infarction, subarachnoid hemorrhage, other strokes, and venous thromboembolism. Smoking significantly increased risk of all four diseases, whereas oral contraceptive use was associated with an increase only in risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage and venous thromboembolism. Use of noncontraceptive estrogens was not associated with increased risk of any of these diseases. Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, gallbladder disease, and nondrinking of alcohol were all associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction, whereas only hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were associated with increased risk of other strokes. Cigarette smoking was overwhelmingly the most important risk factor for vascular disease in women. Smoking should be considered a contraindication to oral contraceptive use, or at the very least, women wishing to use oral contraceptives should be strongly urged not to smoke.
 ...
PMID:Risk of vascular disease in women. Smoking, oral contraceptives, noncontraceptive estrogens, and other factors. 47 67

The serum lipid values (total lipids, cholesterol) and the amounts of fat components (total fat, cholesterol, saturated and multiply unsaturated fatty acids) in food were determined for 1000 subjects of primary obesity and 200 subjects having normal weight. The age of the subjects included in this study was between 18 and 60. From the second to sixth decades of life, obese subjects showed increases in hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia from 2.3% to 22% and from 4.6% to 26%, respectively. Lower percentages were determined for the controls. The consumption of total fat, cholesterol, saturated and multiply unsaturated fatty acids in food was lower in subjects of obesity than in normal-weight subjects. Problems of the dynamic and static phases of obesity, hyperphagia, hypophagia, and longitudinal behavior are discussed with particular reference to the causes thereof. With males, the intake of all fatty substances contained in food decreased with increasing age. Possible causes of this include changes in environmental and working conditions as well as nutritional consciousness.
 ...
PMID:[Fat consumption, blood lipids and age (author's transl)]. 54 19

A study of the serum lipids in 90 patients with gout and 90 controls matched for age and weight index demonstrated that in gout there was a significant elevation of the mean serum levels of cholesterol (282 +/- 55 mg/100 ml), triglycerides (183 +/- 161 mg/100 ml) and phospholipids (270 +/- 61 mg/100 ml) compared with the controls whose mean values were respectively 243 +/- 41 mg, 95 +/- 53 mg and 245 +/- 36 mg. Hyperlipidaemia of mixed type was the most common lipid defect in the patients with gout; there was no difference in the frequency of pure hypercholesterolaemia (without hypertriglyceridaemia) between gout and the controls. The frequency of anomalies of blood lipid levels in gout does not result from (or not solely from) obesity since patients with gout and controls were matched for their weight and height. There was a correlation between the serum lipid levels and obesity in the controls but this was not demonstrable in the patients with gout.
 ...
PMID:Gout and hyperlipidaemia. Effect of overweight on the levels of circulating lipids. 61 8


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>