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 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cardiovascular mortality experience of over 7000 Canadians ages 35-79 years free of self-reported heart disease or stroke who participated in the Nutrition Canada survey is presented. The effects of various risk factors on cardiovascular disease mortality were assessed using multivariate Poisson regression analyses. Factors associated with a significantly increased risk of dying included cigarette smoking, hypertension, diabetes and, for women, serum cholesterol. Relative risks were similar for those ages 35-64 years compared to those 65-79 years for diabetes but were higher among those 35-64 years for cigarette smoking, diastolic hypertension, obesity and serum cholesterol (females only). Individuals drinking three or more drinks daily had a relative risk of 3.18 for stroke. Population attributable risks for smoking, hypertension, elevated serum cholesterol and diabetes, respectively, were 47%, 21%, 7% and 8% for men and 10%, 21% 18% and 16% for women.
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PMID:Major risk factors for cardiovascular disease mortality in adults: results from the Nutrition Canada Survey cohort. 340 26

Pulmonary emboli, even small, cause irreparable lung damage. Recurrent pulmonary emboli further increase the amount of non functional lung tissue and may result in incapacitating respiratory disease or death. It is therefore mandatory that the disease be correctly diagnosed and adequately treated. As prevention is better than cure, every patient presenting with clinical signs of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) should be correctly explored. The site and size of thrombosis must be visualized preferably with contrast venography with imaging of the veins of the limbs, iliac veins and vena cava. Risk factors such as obesity, immobilization etc. must be taken into account. Underlying disease such as heart disease and venous insufficiency must be treated. Malignancy must be looked for as in a recent series of patients with primary DVT which were studied, 15% presented with an up till then unknown malignant disease. In patients presenting with recurrent DVT this percentage rose to 20%. When a patient presents with DVT of the femoro-iliac vena cava axis, aggressive treatment must be adopted. Fibrinolysis or if this is contra-indicated, thrombectomy will be used. A vena cava filter may be necessary and longterm anticoagulation is mandatory. The same rationale is applicable in cases of pulmonary embolus whether it is a primary event or a recurrence.
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PMID:Recurrent pulmonary embolism: importance, diagnosis, management and prevention. 352 Nov 67

In addition to benefiting from public health programs for all Americans, American Indians and Alaska Natives are eligible for health services from the Indian Health Service (IHS), U.S. Public Health Service. Indian Health Service provides comprehensive health services, including nutrition and dietetics, to American Indians and Alaska Natives living on or near federal Indian reservations or in traditional Indian territory, such as Oklahoma and Alaska. Dramatic improvements have occurred in the health of native Americans since IHS was transferred to the Public Health Service in 1955. Infant mortality rate, maternal deaths, and deaths related to infectious diseases have all decreased. Chronic diseases are now major causes of death. Nutritional factors contribute to at least 4 of the 10 leading causes of American Indian and Alaska Native deaths--heart disease, cancer, cirrhosis, and diabetes--and to the prevalence of overweight, obesity, hypertension, and dental caries. There is still incomplete information on nutritional status and present dietary patterns, nutritive values of native foods, and nutrition education knowledge of the population. Priority nutrition objectives have been developed to address those issues.
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PMID:Nutrition in American Indian health: past, present, and future. 353 63

Sleep-related breathing disorders may contribute to the nocturnal peak in human mortality. Nocturnal hypoxia has been associated with serious ventricular tachyarrhythmias as well as life-threatening bradyarrhythmias. Obesity and snoring, both of which increase with age, have been identified as risk factors for sleep-related breathing disorders, as have hypertension and heart disease.
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PMID:Cardiopulmonary disorders during sleep: diagnosis and management. 354 25

Cuba still has adouble burden of health risks. It must contend with some risks to health that persist in underdeveloped rural areas, and it must also deal with the risk factors associated with modern, urban living conditions. The economic and social changes fostered in the postrevolutionary period have reduced the relative importance of the 1st set of factors, derived from their own successees. Cuba's preventive attention is increasingly concentrated on heart disease, cancer, and stroke. Risk factors related to diet, smoking, obesity, sedentarianism, and occupational accidents are also receiving much attention. 2 types of preventive strategies have been employed to avoid health risks, namely, changing behavior that exposes people to risk and eliminating the risk itself. It is too early to tell how successful Cuba will be in its present campaign to reduce risk factors. The decisive factors for Cuba's current health programs very likely will be the roles of the local governments and of the mass organizations operating at the level of the community and workplace.
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PMID:The prevention of health risks in Cuba. 355 72

The Bogalusa Heart Study, an investigation of 8,000 children, has compiled a large data bank on cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in children during the past 12 years. Precursors of heart disease begin at a young age, with many children already possessing one or more known clinical risk factors--hypertension, obesity, and adverse lipoprotein changes. Having obtained data examining the determinants, distributions, interrelationships and trends over time for CV risk factors, a foundation was provided to address additional questions directed toward intervention strategies. "Heart Smart" is a comprehensive, research-based CV health promotion program testing differential effects of a population (public health) strategy versus a high-risk approach within four elementary schools. The major goal of "Heart Smart" is to reduce CV risk factors in children with an intervention to facilitate the adoption of healthful lifestyles. Objectives, intervention modalities, and design and evaluation procedures for children and adults in a total school environment (K-6) are described.
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PMID:Implementation of "Heart Smart:" a cardiovascular school health promotion program. 364 82

The presence of a diagonal ear lobe crease (DELC) was studied in 350 non-selected patients admitted to the Clinic. The overall incidence of DELC was 45%, with a significant increase after the age of 50 years (24.8% before and 59.5% after fifty, p less than 0.001). The relationship between DELC and ischemic chronic heart disease (65% as against 23% in the patients without DELC, p less than 0.001) and with some coronary risk factors: arterial hypertension (40% in patients with DELC, 29% in those without, p less than 0.01), smoking (43%) as against 35% in those without DELC. The relationship with diabetes mellitus and obesity was not significant. A higher incidence of DELC was observed in males (66%) than in females (34%) (p less than 0.02). The lipid profile of patients with DELC presents significant cholesterolemia changes (251 +/- 71 mg as against 232 +/- 70 mg in those without DELC) and a less marked increase in lipemia and beta-lipoproteins. All risk factors presented a net increase in the subjects with bilateral DELC. It is concluded that DELC can be used for selecting asymptomatic subjects in the screening of a possible coronary heart disease.
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PMID:Relation between diagonal ear lobe crease and ischemic chronic heart disease and the factors of coronary risk. 372 21

The consequences of migration for the Samoan population of California are discussed within the context of other studies focusing on Samoan native and migrant populations in Samoa and Hawaii. The social, cultural and economic characteristics of California Samoans are described and data are presented for body morphology, blood pressure, psychosocial stress and social support, general morbidity patterns and mortality rates for 1978-1982. Although the nature of disease risks appear profound in this population, particularly patterns of extreme obesity and psychosocial stress, mortality rates for heart disease and stroke are less than might be expected among other American groups. Such unexpectedly low mortality rates may represent the relatively healthy experience of older cohorts of migrants, or be a result of proportionally few individuals having lived long enough in California to develop cardiovascular and other chronic disease that have lengthy natural histories. We postulate that at present Samoan social structure, particularly the high status that accrues with aging in traditional Samoan society, may act as a buffer for the risk factors we observed and their expected outcomes. If so, the U.S.-born Samoans who are currently passing through childhood and early adult years with progressively less awareness of Samoan values of family and social structure will exhibit the same risks we describe here, but lack the available social buffers that currently exist for their parents.
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PMID:Migration and biocultural adaptation: Samoans in California. 374 58

Risk factor screening and establishing realistic goals are key steps for the dietitian to follow in planning strategies to prevent coronary heart disease. The major risk factors that are responsive to dietary intervention include: elevated plasma total cholesterol and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated blood pressure, glucose intolerance, and obesity. The criteria used in assessing nutrition-related risk in coronary heart disease are presented. The long-term goals of preventive nutrition intervention in heart disease are discussed, with emphasis on a unified and progressive approach to diet planning.
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PMID:Preventive nutrition intervention in coronary heart disease: risk assessment and formulating dietary goals. 376 Apr 31

The majority of prospective studies have shown no independent effect of triglyceride on the prediction of cardiovascular disease after the effects of cholesterol and other heart disease risk factors have been accounted for statistically. Because the association of borderline elevation of triglyceride levels (250-499 mg/dl) with cardiovascular risk might be obscured by its strong correlation with hypercholesterolemia, we examined the relationship in healthy men without hypercholesterolemia. In a population sample of 1,589 healthy fasting men ages 30-79 without known cardiovascular disease or categorical hypercholesterolemia, the prevalence of borderline hypertriglyceridemia was 4.2%, and was unrelated to age. There was no significant excess of borderline hypertriglyceridemia in men with systolic hypertension, or in men who reported use of antihypertensive drugs, current cigarette smoking, or a family history of heart attack before or after age 50. Only obesity, a personal history of diabetes, and fasting hyperglycemia were significantly more common in men with borderline hypertriglyceridemia. Moreover, hypertriglyceridemia was a relatively weak marker for those with diabetes or obesity, being present in only 9% of the former and 6% of the latter. A 12-year follow-up of these men showed no significant association of hypertriglyceridemia with all-cause or cardiovascular death either by univariate analysis or after adjusting for risk factors. These data support the conclusion that borderline hypertriglyceridemia is a poor marker for cardiovascular risk in healthy older men without hypercholesterolemia.
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PMID:Borderline fasting hypertriglyceridemia: absence of excess risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in healthy men without hypercholesterolemia. 382 8


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