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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 288 eyes of 114 low-tension glaucoma (LTG) patients, the mean, peak, trough and magnitude of the diurnal fluctuation of the intraocular pressure (IOP) determined over a period of 24 hours (diurnal IOP) were correlated with the IOPs recorded at the daytime office (office IOP), refraction, extent of visual field loss, age, sex, blood pressure and obesity index by the method of multivariate analysis. Only the mean office IOP was found to have a statistically significant contribution for estimating the mean, peak and trough of the diurnal IOP with the proportion (R) of 0.71 0.67 and 0.68 respectively. Furthermore, an analysis of the IOP data obtained from 118 LTG suspects using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve showed that a patient whose peak diurnal IOP exceeds 21 mmHg could be detected with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 46% if around-the-clock IOP measurements were carried out in patients whose mean office IOP are above 16 mmHg at least in one eye. In view of high prevalence of LTG in Japanese, estimation of mean diurnal IOP from mean office IOP and exclusion of primary open angle glaucoma using the mean office IOP of 16 mmHg as a cutoff IOP level are thought to be clinically useful.
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PMID:[Relationship of the office intraocular pressure (IOP) to diurnal fluctuation of IOP in low-tension glaucoma: a multivariate analysis]. 151 1

The therapeutic power of the doctor in initiating discussion on health concerns is greater than appreciated. Topics suitable for this approach include--smoking, drug abuse, obesity, contraception, breast self examination, Papanicolaou smears, cholesterol checks, diet, exercise, hormonal replacement therapy, immunisation, glaucoma checks, and so on. The only limit is the GP's imagination. This approach is not appropriate for every consultation, nor is it the only way to help patients modify their behaviour or learn healthier practices. It is, however, one simple but effective approach, and is available to any GP. Gill and Bauman emphasise that most GPs are ready to meet the challenge given by Taylor in 1982. "General practitioners and other health professionals providing primary care must take the main share of preventive medicine in the next decade." However, one handicap is a perceived lack of expertise by GPs themselves. This article emphasises that GPs can practise preventive medicine using the skills they already possess.
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PMID:Health promotion in general practice. 200 9

The prevalence of chronic disease based on a mailed questionnaire was estimated as part of a continuing epidemiological study of a retirement community. The prevalence of eight chronic diseases (high blood pressure, angina, myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, glaucoma, and cancer) was determined across all age and sex groups. The relationships between these diseases and several health related life-style practices were assessed. A health index summarizing five practices (smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, sleep and obesity) was clearly related to the prevalence of disease.
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PMID:Prevalence of chronic disease and health practices in a retirement community. 373 24

A case of a 41-year-old woman with Morgagni-Steward-Morel syndrome is presented. The first symptom of the disease was papilledema. The results of clinical examination and additional tests eliminated the presence of intracranial tumor and revealed the hypertrophy of the internal laminal of frontal bone. The patient also suffered from glaucoma, hormonal disorders and considerable obesity. Both the clinical picture and the results of laboratory and radiological tests permitted to diagnose Morgagni-Steaward-Morel syndrome.
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PMID:[Morgagni-Steward-Morel syndrome accompanied by venous stasis on the edge of the optic disc]. 824 5

The authors present current opinions about influence of age and different cardiovascular and rheological risk factors on POAG and normal tension glaucoma (NTG), especially in age-related diseases: systemic hypertension and hypotension, nocturnal systemic hypotension, diabetes, obesity and high blood viscosity. The work points out the importance of cooperation between ophthalmologist and specialist of internal medicine in treating patients with POAG and NTG.
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PMID:[Primary open angle glaucoma,age and age-related cardiovascular disease risk factors]. 969 46

This study examined the influence of age, sex, blood pressure, and obesity index on intraocular pressure (IOP), in order to investigate the relationship between the upper limits of the following two conditions in the general Korean population: the "systolic or diastolic hypertensive and obese" group and the "systolic or diastolic hypotensive and lean" group. A total of 6828 healthy subjects (13,656 eyes) underwent automated multi-phasic tests, including tonometry, blood pressure, visual field, and body mass index. The 6,828 subjects were divided into five groups based on age; less than 40, 40 to 49, 50 to 59, 60 to 69, and over 70 years old. They were also divided into four categories on the basis of sex, age, blood pressure, and obesity index. The mean IOP in males (15.8+/-3.3 mmHg) was significantly higher than in females (14.8+/-3.1 mmHg) (P < 0.05), but this difference decreased proportionally with increasing age. IOP had a tendency to decrease with increasing age (P < 0.05). IOP increased significantly with increasing systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and obesity index (all, P < 0.05). The mean IOP of the "systolic or diastolic hypertensive and obese" group was higher than that of the "systolic or diastolic hypotensive and lean" group in the general Korean population (P < 0.05). These data could aid investigation into the epidemiological, etiologic and oriental influences related to the risk factors of glaucoma, especially in oriental populations.
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PMID:Relationship between intraocular pressure and systemic health parameters in the Korean population. 1216 12

Desbuquois dysplasia is a rare chondrodysplasia characterized by short stature, joint laxity, and specific radiographic findings. We report the natural history of four patients (three boys and one girl) with Desbuquois dysplasia ages 16-22 years. The mean height in adulthood was 114 cm (-8.5 SD) with progressive deceleration of the growth curve from birth (-4 SD) to adulthood. Obesity was noted consistently and facial abnormalities were still present but less obvious than in childhood. Three of four patients had mental retardation of varying degree. Hyperlaxity was persistent but limited motion of various joints was also noted. Orthopedic complications included coxa vara or valga (3/4), scoliosis (3/4), marked lordosis (3/4), and ambulatory difficulties (3/4). Surgical treatment was necessary for all four patients, involving large joints, spine and hands. Other complications included acute open-angle glaucoma secondary to a congenital malformation of the angle in one case. In addition to consistent radiological findings, elevated greater trochanter, generalized osteoporosis especially of the spine, scoliosis and/or lordosis, wide metaphyses, flat epiphyses, and coxa vara or valga were part of the natural history of the disorder. Our study emphasizes the care of older patients with Desbuquois dysplasia.
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PMID:Long-term outcome in Desbuquois dysplasia: a follow-up in four adult patients. 1467 87

We report an unusual case of encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis in which the facial and oral angioma was bilateral, and several teeth were congenitally absent. The developmental nature of the anomaly is reviewed. Encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis is commonly referred to as the Sturge-Weber syndrome, after Sturge and Weber who first described this affliction in 1879. The main clinical features of this syndrome are 1. venous angiomatosis of the leptomeninges of the cerebral-cortex, usually unilaterally 2. ipsilateral facial angiomatosis that often follows in outline the distribution of the trigeminal nerve (Fig 1) 3. ipsilateral gyriform calcification of the cerebral cortex 4. epileptic convulsions (contralateral focus) or other seizures 5. ocular defects (choroidal angioma, glaucoma hemianopia) 6. mental retardation 7. contralateral hemiplegia 8. obesity 9. oral mucosal and gingival involvement. Other less typical features are 1. association with hypomelanosis of 1 to 10 2. leptomeningeal angioma contralateral to the facial nevus 3. leptomeningeal angioma without facial vascular naevus 4. association with gastro intestinal hemorrhage 5. paranasal sinus enlargement. This syndrome that affects males and females equally, is a rare congenital disorder, apparently hamartomatous in nature, from persistence of a primitive embryonal vascular plexus. During the sixth week of intra-uterine life this plexus develops around the cephalic portion of the neural tube and under the ectoderm in the region destined to become facial skin. In the Sturge-Weber syndrome, the vascular plexus fails to regress, as is normal during the ninth week, resulting in angiomatosis of the related tissues. Variation in the degree of persistence or regression of the vascular plexus accounts for unilaterality or bilaterality of involvement, and also for an incomplete syndrome in which the leptomeninges, but not the facial tissues are affected. Leptomeningeal angiomatosis is the primary abnormality of encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis, all other features of the syndrome probably being secondary to this. Calcification of the cortex is a poorly understood phenomenon which may result from stasis of blood in the angioma, associated with altered local metabolism. Epilepsy and other neurological seizures, and mental retardation are probably, in their turn, secondary to the cortical calcification. The most striking clinical feature of the Sturge-Weber syndrome is the facial vascular naevus which generally follows the distribution of innervation of one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve, whence the term encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis. However, the naevus may be more extensive, down the neck and even onto the chest. The oral tissues underlying the affected facial tissues are invariably also angiomatous and may be considerably enlarged as a result. Alterations in eruption of teeth have also been noted. Histologically, affected soft tissues are very vascular, resembling a pyogenic granuloma or a capillary, or cavernous hemangioma. Yukna, Cassingham and Carr noted that affected bone was partially replaced by a delicate fibrous tissue containing thin-walled vascular spaces. Neither inflammatory cells, nor fatty or haemopoietic marrow was noted.
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PMID:Encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis. 1496 51

11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1) interconverts inactive cortisone and active cortisol. Although bidirectional, in vivo it is believed to function as a reductase generating active glucocorticoid at a prereceptor level, enhancing glucocorticoid receptor activation. In this review, we discuss both the genetic and enzymatic characterization of 11beta-HSD1, as well as describing its role in physiology and pathology in a tissue-specific manner. The molecular basis of cortisone reductase deficiency, the putative "11beta-HSD1 knockout state" in humans, has been defined and is caused by intronic mutations in HSD11B1 that decrease gene transcription together with mutations in hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, an endoluminal enzyme that provides reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate as cofactor to 11beta-HSD1 to permit reductase activity. We speculate that hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and therefore reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate supply may be crucial in determining the directionality of 11beta-HSD1 activity. Therapeutic inhibition of 11beta-HSD1 reductase activity in patients with obesity and the metabolic syndrome, as well as in glaucoma and osteoporosis, remains an exciting prospect.
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PMID:11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1: a tissue-specific regulator of glucocorticoid response. 1546 42

Prolonged exposure to stress and the resulting over-stimulation of the HPA system are often detrimental to the homeostasis of an organism. In fact, chronic stress is believed to affect the pathology of several disease states including coronary heart disease and hypertension, diabetes and obesity. In humans, mutations in the GLC1A gene have been associated with primary open angle glaucoma. Previous studies on this gene have suggested that its expression is also affected by the same factors that mediate the stress response. With the ultimate goal of using the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, as an invertebrate model for glaucoma, we have measured the stress responsiveness of the cof-2 gene, one of two C. elegans proteins with significant homology to the myocilin olfactomedin domain. We show that both cof-2 mRNA and protein expression are developmentally regulated and that both are affected by heat shock stress.
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PMID:Glaucoma studies in the eyeless worm: stress responsiveness and temporal expression of the Caenorhabditis elegans myocilin-like gene, cof-2. 1564 Nov 63


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