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 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The role of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in treating advanced peripheral vascular disease is unknown. The authors therefore reviewed the experience of Sunnybrook Medical Centre in Toronto with 85 consecutive patients who had rest pain, ulceration, pregangrene or gangrene as a result of peripheral vascular disease and who underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Seventy-four percent were smokers and 91% were at increased risk due to one or more of the following: coronary or cerebral ischemic disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity and hypertension. Thirty-six patients underwent dilatation of iliac lesions, 46 of superficial femoral or popliteal and 3 of more distal lesions. In nine patients angioplasty was repeated on the same lesion. In 16 patients, the procedure was technically unsatisfactory. The morbidity and 30-day mortality were 5% and 2%, respectively. When the procedure was technically satisfactory, surgery was avoided and the limb was salvaged at 1, 2 and 5 years in 69%, 62% and 54% of cases, respectively (life-table analysis). The authors conclude that percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is acceptable treatment for patients with advanced peripheral vascular disease, because the morbidity and mortality are low and the long-term results are good.
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PMID:Transluminal angioplasty: results in high-risk patients with advanced peripheral vascular disease. 315 87

Salient features of an operative technique designed to reduce to a minimum the iatrogenic trauma of cholecystectomy include a limited incision, muscle retraction (instead of division), specific packing and retraction, and distant manipulations by long instruments. Eighty two unselected consecutive patients with primary gallbladder disease underwent operation by this technique. Two permanently bed-confined patients were excluded from study. Acute cholecystitis was documented by histopathology review in 23 cases and chronic cholecystitis in 57 cases. Case material included usual pre-existing concomitant medical problems; five patients meeting formal criteria for the diagnosis of morbid obesity; 15 patients exceeding 199 pounds and one weighing 315 pounds; ambulatory (outpatient) cholecystectomy; 17 patients over 70 and four patients over 80 years of age; five gangrenous and one perforated gallbladders, and perigallbladder abscesses without gangrene in one case; and conspicuous absence of respiratory complications. Median and average incision length was 5.5 cm. There were no major and five minor complications. Recent experience demonstrated safe performance of elective cholecystectomy for chronic disease, regardless of degree of patient obesity, with median incision length 5 cm, median operative time 65 minutes and median post-operative hospital stay 2 days.
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PMID:Minimal trauma cholecystectomy (a "no-touch" procedure in a "well"). 336 59

This report summarizes the major design features, methods, and baseline characteristics of patients enrolled in a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study. In eleven V.A. centers, 231 male diabetic patients who had either a recent amputation for gangrene (N = 207) or active gangrene (N = 24) were randomly assigned to a group which received aspirin (325 mg t.i.d.) plus dipyridamole (75 mg t.i.d.) (N = 110) or two placeboes t.i.d. (N = 121). Major end point were vascular death and amputation of the opposite extremity for gangrene. Forty-one percent of the 563 patients screened were enrolled during a 39 month period. Enrollment errors were found in 8.7%. Historically, the two groups were well matched regarding the following variables: age, duration of diabetes, insulin therapy, previous oral agent therapy, hypertension, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, renal disease, sensory neuropathy, and smoking. The drug therapy group had an increased frequency of a history of cerebrovascular disease (19% vs 7%, p = 0.01). The groups were well matched regarding amputation site, obesity, extent of lower extremity vascular disease, retinopathy, and neuropathy upon examination. Their baseline fasting values of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and creatinine were also comparable. We conclude that this study should provide definitive data on the efficacy of these antiplatelet agents in preventing further vascular disease in this patient group. It should also provide new prospective data on the natural history of vascular disease, and the association of vascular risk factors with subsequent vascular events in this patient population.
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PMID:V.A. Cooperative Study on antiplatelet agents in diabetic patients after amputation for gangrene: III. Definitions and review of design and baseline characteristics. 390 83

Estimated prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Malaysia was about 2%. Diabetes was most common in Indians especially males and least common in Chinese. There was a slight male preponderance seen in Malays and Indians. Positive family history was obtained in 14% of cases most commonly in Malays, almost 1/3 of whom had more than one family member with diabetes. Familial association was uncommon in Chinese. Over 50% of patients were overweight. Obesity was noted in nearly 70% of female Malays and Indians while the majority of Chinese were not overweight. More than 80% of patients were non insulin requiring. Youth onset diabetes was considered rare; those 10 years and below were estimated to be only 0.4% and below 20 years of age between 2%-4% of the diabetic population. Females were twice as common than males in this type of diabetes and familial association was greater. Malnutrition-related diabetes and pancreatic calcification were not well-documented but youth-onset non insulin requiring diabetics with mild symptoms but strong family history of diabetes were observed. More than half of hospital-based patients had evidence of complications, mainly amongst Malays and Indians. Hypertension was the most frequent associated disease followed by foot ulcers and ischaemic heart disease. Hypertension usually associated with chronic renal failure was most common amongst Malays while gangrenic ulcers and heart diseases were seen mainly in Indians. The major causes of death were chronic renal failure, myocardial infarction, ketoacidosis, stroke and septicaemia related to gangrene.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Diabetes mellitus in peninsular Malaysia: ethnic differences in prevalence and complications. 403 85

Ten hospitals participated in a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of vascular complications in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The patients were 1433 females and 627 males, aged 24-88 years (mean +/- S.D. = 58.0 +/- 9.9). Duration of diabetes varied from newly diagnosed to 42 years (mean +/- S.D. = 8.2 +/- 6.5). Obesity was noted in 16.9% of males and 27.4% of females. The prevalence of hypertension, myocardial infarction (MI), hemiplegia, absent dorsalis pedis pulse, gangrene and amputation were 38.4, 2.8, 3.7, 5.8, 0.3 and 1.3%, respectively. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) was found in 32.1% of the patients. Proteinuria of > or = 2+ was observed in 18.7% of the patients. Stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that hypertension was significantly and independently correlated with MI, hemiplegia and DR but not with proteinuria or absent dorsalis pedis pulse. DR and proteinuria had a strong correlation with each other. Age of the patients weakly correlated with macrovascular diseases. Diabetic control and duration showed a weak correlation with microvascular complications. This study showed that DR was frequently found in Thai NIDDM. Hypertension was not only the commonest disorder but it also showed an independent association with other vascular complications. Early detection and intervention for both need to be emphasized and re-enforced in clinical practice.
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PMID:Vascular complications in non-insulin dependent diabetics in Thailand. Thai Multicenter Research Group on Diabetes Mellitus. 783 13

Thirty-two cases of ankle fractures associated with fibular fractures above the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis were studied. All were treated with open reduction and internal fixation. The average follow-up was 25 months. The results of the postoperative evaluation were rated, based on subjective clinical criteria, as good, fair, and poor. According to the Lauge-Hansen classification, there were 17 (53%) cases of supination-external rotation injury (2 stage 2 and 15 stage 4), 9 (28%) cases of stage 3 pronation-abduction injury, and 6 (19%) cases of pronation-external rotation injury (3 stage 3 and 3 stage 4). All cases could be classified as Weber type C or as suprasyndesmotic, fibular diaphyseal fracture (44-C) according to the Orthopaedic Trauma Association classification. In 18 (56%) cases, the fracture was associated with ankle dislocation. There were seven (22%) open fractures, (two grade I, four grade II, and one grade IIIA). Syndesmotic screws were used in 23 (72%) cases (12 supination-external rotation injury, 6 pronation-external rotation injury, and 5 pronation-abduction injury). The syndesmotic screw was removed after an average of 9 weeks. Four (13%) nonunions and two (6%) delayed unions of the fibula were treated with bone grafting and/or hardware revision and eventually healed. Three of the nonunions had poor clinical results because of degenerative ankle joint arthritis in two (one of them ended in arthrodesis) and deep infection, which was eventually cured, in the third. The fourth nonunion had a fair result. One of the delayed unions had a fair result (an obese patient) and the other had a good result. Two patients developed deep infections; one ended in gangrene and amputation in a diabetic patient, and the other was a patient with fibular nonunion that eventually healed. Three patients had superficial infections that were treated successfully. Of the 32 cases, 23 (72%) showed good results, 4 (13%) showed fair results, and 5 (16%) showed poor results. The cases with poor results included three fibular nonunions, one deep infection, and one recurrent superficial infection and wound dehiscence after hardware removal. A syndesmotic screw is usually needed in cases of fracture-dislocations. Two patients with occult fibular nonunions developed diastasis of the syndesmosis after removal of the syndesmotic screw. It was found that reduction and temporary pinning of the distal tibiofibular joint helps achieve fibular length, which is crucial to restoring the biomechanics of the ankle joint. It seems advisable not to remove the syndesmotic screw until there are signs of healing of fibular fracture to avoid diastasis of the distal tibiofibular joint. Bone grafting should be considered in high energy fractures with comminution. These complex injuries are associated with higher rates of complications. Poor results can be attributed to fracture factors, e.g., open fractures, infections; patient factors, e.g., obesity, lowered immunity as in diabetes, and noncompliance; and iatrogenic factors, e.g., early removal of syndesmotic screws.
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PMID:Ankle fractures involving the fibula proximal to the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis. 927 48

Infection of arterial reconstructions is associated with high rates of mortality and limb loss despite optimal treatment. Lower extremity revascularization procedures performed at a teaching hospital were reviewed to identify risk factors associated with wound infection. Medical records, postoperative infection surveillance forms, and a computerized vascular registry for lower extremity revascularizations involving a common femoral or more distal artery during a 3-year period were reviewed. There were 335 bypass operations (184 femoral-distal, 36 popliteal-distal, 17 aortofemoral, 13 femorofemoral, 11 axillofemoral, 74 graft revisions) and 30 other vascular procedures (arterial thrombectomy or endarterectomy). Factors analyzed included age, gender, diabetes mellitus, dialysis dependence, malnutrition, obesity, ipsilateral foot ulcer or gangrene, separate admissions within the month preceding surgery, length of hospital stay before surgery, length of operation, wound hematoma requiring reoperation, vein or prosthetic grafts, or redo surgery. Risk factors commonly thought to increase wound infection following lower extremity revascularizations, such as diabetes, obesity, renal failure, redo surgery, and prosthetic grafts, did not predict this complication in this series. Given the correlation of operative time with infection, efforts to minimize operative time by "double-teaming" staff participation in teaching cases may decrease infection rates, although this is speculative. Vascular services should institute strategies to ensure that appropriate prophylactic antibiotics are administered in a timely fashion before lower extremity revascularizations.
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PMID:Risk factors associated with infection of lower extremity revascularization: analysis of 365 procedures performed at a teaching hospital. 1252 1

Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare and dramatic soft-tissue; infection starting from the subcutaneous tissue, involving the fascia and the underlying muscle and causes necrosis and, suddenly, gangrene. Most frequently the necrotizing fasciitis is localized in anorectal or genitourinary region and in traumatized muscles. Its mortality rate is 20%. Predisposing factors for these infections have included advanced age, obesity, hypertension, atherosclerosis, malnutrition, renal failure, immunosuppression and, primarily, diabetes mellitus. The infection is caused by a lot of gram +, gram -, and anaerobic bacteria that act synergistically. The early diagnosis, a correct chemotherapy, an aggressive surgical treatment of the necrotic area and hyperbaric oxygen treatment allow the patient's recovery, dramatically reducing the functional consequences. The Authors analyze retrospectively five cases of necrotizing fasciitis observed in the last two years (August 2001-August 2003) and stress clinical findings and surgical treatment.
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PMID:[Necrotizing fasciitis: our experience]. 1538 74

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) varies from 1.2 to 13.3% in the general population. The most frequent is type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) DM, which constitutes 90-95% of all cases. DM increases the risk of cardiac disease, stroke, retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy and gangrene, and the disease is associated with an increased prevalence of other cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, asymptomatic carotid artery disease, and obesity. The risk of stroke may be directly and indirectly increased by the presence of DM. Epidemiological data show that DM independently amplifies the risk of ischaemic stroke from 1.8- up to 6-fold, so that prevention of cardiovascular risk in diabetics is of utmost importance. The main goal is to control glycaemia, although it has never been shown to be beneficial in stroke patients. Other preventive strategies include antiplatelet treatment. The open-label Primary Prevention Project trial tested the efficacy of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in prevention of ischaemic events in high-risk patients, but failed to demonstrate a significant benefit of ASA in diabetic patients. However, in the CAPRIE trial, the benefit of clopidogrel was amplified in patients with DM versus those without DM in preventing ischaemic events. This difference was even more striking when comparing patients treated with insulin versus non-diabetics. Another trial -- MATCH -- tested the benefit of adding ASA to clopidogrel versus clopidogrel alone in the prevention of ischaemic events in high-risk cerebrovascular patients, two-thirds of whom had DM. Further research is needed to clarify the effects of different antiplatelet regimens in stroke prevention in diabetic patients, who should be considered as high vascular-risk patients.
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PMID:Secondary prevention of stroke with antiplatelet agents in patients with diabetes mellitus. 1627 81

Calciphylaxis is a rare, but life-threatening, disease, mostly seen in patients with renal failure, especially those undergoing dialysis. It is characterized by violaceous tender areas of cutaneous plaques, necrosis, and eschar formation, mostly involving toes and fingers, but rarely the penis. Peripheral pulses are mostly preserved. The parathyroid hormone (PTH) level is elevated, along with raised calcium phosphorus product. There is radiological evidence of blood vessel and soft tissue calcification. Predisposing factors are obesity and diabetes. It is rarely encountered by a urologist and closely resembles penile gangrene.
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PMID:Calciphylaxis mimicking penile gangrene: a case report. 2002 10


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