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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The mitochondrial FAD-linked enzyme glycerophosphate dehydrogenase plays a key role in the pancreatic B-cell glucose sensing device. In the present study, the activity of this enzyme was examined in islets of fa/fa rats in which inherited diabetes mellitus is associated with obesity, hyperinsulinism and severe insulin resistance. The specific activity of both FAD-linked glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase were decreased in islet and liver homogenates prepared from fa/fa, as compared to Fa/Fa, rats, this coinciding with a low ratio between glutamateoxalacetate and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase activity in both islet and liver extracts, islet hyperplasia, hyperinsulinemia and hepatic steatosis in the hyperglycemic fa/fa rats. It is speculated that a low activity of FAD-linked glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in the pancreatic B-cell may participate to the perturbation of glucose homeostasis in fa/fa rats, like in other animal models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Impaired FAD-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity in islet and liver homogenates of fa/fa rats. 783 41

The progression of alimentary fatty liver to liver cirrhosis is a very rare observation. During the year after surgical extirpation of a suprasellar craniopharyngioma in a seven years old boy developed severe obesity and again six years later at autopsy a complete liver cirrhosis with fatty liver was established. Injury of the ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei and resulting hyperphagia is the reason for the obesity following suprasellar tumours. The pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis following alimentary fatty liver is not completely evident up to now, such a progression is possible--as shown in this case--also in children and within a short period.
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PMID:[Development of complete liver cirrhosis in hyperphagia-induced fatty liver]. 815 10

In this study we compared the ultrasound findings of 203 hospitalized patients with a variety of reference methods: biopsy, computed tomography and laboratory liver function tests with the aim of defining their clinical relevance. The ultrasound findings were assignable to 3 groups: normal, descriptive and definitive. When ultrasound described a liver as normal, or showing "increased echogenicity" or "altered configuration", the figures of normal clinical reference methods were almost identical (i.e., 70% normal). When a definitive ultrasound diagnosis ("cirrhosis", "fatty liver" or "cardiac congestion") was made, the percentage of otherwise normal livers decreased to less than 20% and was 0% for cirrhosis and cardiac congestion. The positive predictive value for a single abnormal criterion in ultrasound was between 16% and 21%, while for a definitive diagnosis it was between 67% and 100%. Many of our patients, however, had additional risk factors for liver abnormalities, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus or chemotherapy for malignancies. These risk factors can induce morphological parenchymal alterations without blood test abnormalities and, although correctly diagnosed by ultrasound, elude other reference methods in patients without biopsy. In conclusion, the finding of a single abnormal criterion of liver abnormality in ultrasound should be treated with caution. Ultrasound diagnoses of "fatty liver", "cirrhosis", diagnosed by additional signs of portal hypertension, or "cardiac congestion", yield more information. A normal ultrasound does not exclude the presence of fatty liver or cirrhosis.
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PMID:Clinical relevance of abnormal liver findings with ultrasound. 817 26

Dieticians computed the fat and cholesterol contents of 11 foods that were commercially produced as ready-to-eat food from food component lists and obtained the P/S ratio (polysaturated/saturated fatty acids) from the fatty acid component list. Meanwhile the same foods were diluted and homogenized. The internal standard was combined with hepatadecanoic acid and tricaprin. The samples that had been extracted by the Folch method were analyzed for their lipid content (GC analysis using a HS-SS-10 columns for fatty acids and an OV-1 column for lipid and cholesterol). A significant positive correlation was noted between the results of dieticians' analysis and those obtained from a gas chromatographic analysis of lipid and cholesterol contents and the P/S ratio, proving that lipid analysis of food by dieticians is highly reliable. Therefore for diseases (such as hyperlipemia, arteriosclerosis, obesity, diabetes mellitus, fatty liver, and pancreatitis) in which dietary factors have a significant effect on their clinical course, dietary instructions on dietary fats based on an analysis by dieticians are considered to be effective.
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PMID:A study on the values computed by dieticians and chemical analysis of fats, cholesterol, and P/S ratio in food. 818 6

Android obesity is associated with metabolic disorders, but the causality of this relationship remains unclear. We investigated the association of body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) with hormones, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, serum lipoproteins, and the serum activity of hepatic enzymes in 40 healthy premenopausal women (BMI 19.2-46.1, mean 32.6 +/- 1.3 kg/m2; WHR 0.68-1.01, mean 0.82 +/- 0.02). BMI correlated with WHR (r = 0.52, P < 0.01). After correction for WHR, BMI was negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and positively with total and very low density lipoprotein triglycerides, insulin sensitivity, blood glucose, serum insulin and glucagon. After adjustment for BMI, WHR was significantly associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total and very low density lipoprotein triglycerides, and the serum activities of hepatic enzymes but not with insulin sensitivity, blood glucose, serum insulin, or glucagon. According to these results, body fat distribution assessed by WHR is related to hypertriglyceridemia and alterations in hepatic function such as a fatty liver. WHR is not primarily related to glucose metabolism in healthy premenopausal women without preexisting metabolic disorders such as glucose intolerance. Therefore the observable association between android obesity and manifest impairment in glucose metabolism may develop secondarily during persisting hyperinsulinemia, which itself is primarily related to obesity. Thus an android body fat distribution may rather be an accompanying feature than a predictor of impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance.
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PMID:The waist-to-hip ratio corrected for body mass index is related to serum triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol but not to parameters of glucose metabolism in healthy premenopausal women. 831 84

To determine hepatic diseases in obese children, biochemically and histologically, 11 obese patients with abnormal serum transaminase activities were subjected to this study. Fat accumulation in the liver was semiquantitatively graded, and histologically the 11 patients were classified into four groups; fatty liver, fatty hepatitis, fatty fibrosis and fatty cirrhosis. All patients had fat deposition in liver specimens, the grade of which did not significantly correlate with the degree of obesity. The grade of fat deposition in the liver specimens also did not significantly correlate with either serum transaminase activities or GOT/GPT ratio. Five patients were grouped into the fatty liver group, three into the fatty hepatitis group, and the remaining three patients into the fatty fibrosis group. However, no significant differences were found among the three histologically classified groups in terms of serum transaminase activities or GOT/GPT ratio. The usefulness of serum transaminase activities and GOT/GPT ratio was limited in predicting the severity of fat deposition or histological abnormality in pediatric obese patients.
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PMID:The relationship between serum transaminase activities and fatty liver in children with simple obesity. 853 91

In adult obese patients both an increase of aminotranspherase values and hepatic steatosis have been frequently showed. Conversely in childhood the existence of a liver's damage is often not investigated. To assess the prevalence of hepatic alterations in obese children, we studied 135 subjects, all affected by simple obesity, showing in a 20% of them the presence of ultrasonographic evidence of hepatic steatosis and/or hyperaminotransferasemia. Our study demonstrates the existence of silent hepatic alterations also in obese children and suggests to improve the treatment of obesity in childhood to prevent the progression of liver's damage.
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PMID:[Liver damage and obesity in pediatric age]. 868 25

C57BL/KsJ mice carrying homozygous db/db mutation (db/db mice) are characterized by extreme obesity and early onset of hyperglycemia. In an attempt to rectify diabetes of these mice, a pancreatic beta cell line MIN6, which retains glucose-inducible insulin secretion, was transplanted subcutaneously into the back of the mice. Glucose and insulin levels of individual mice were examined biweekly and their weight gain weekly. All mice were sacrificed at 100 days after the transplantation of MIN6 cells. In db/db mice that had received MIN6 cells, blood insulin levels were restored and blood glucose levels were reduced to those of non-diabetic mice, although they remained obese. Glucose tolerance test suggested that transplanted MIN6 cells responded to loaded glucose as beta cells of non-diabetic mice. Immunohistochemical study showed that transplanted MIN6 cells produced insulin. Fatty liver associated with diabetes mellitus observed in db/db mice was not found in the MIN6 cell-transplanted mice. Implication of the results is discussed with reference to potential therapies for severe diabetes.
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PMID:Rectification of diabetic state in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice by the implantation of pancreatic beta cell line MIN6. 885

This study elucidated the effect of taurine on fatty liver in simple obesity. Taurine was orally administered to 10 children with fatty liver. During taurine administration, the CT numbers of the liver, which were low in the beginning, increased. Serum ALT levels were improved, especially in those children whose weight was well controlled. Even in those who failed in weight control, serum ALT levels were slightly recovered. Ratios of glycine/taurine-conjugated bile acids were decreased. Thus, taurine was effective in treating fatty liver of children with simple obesity regardless of the success/failure of weight control. Taurine administration is considered to be helpful as an adjuvant therapy for fatty liver.
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PMID:Effect of taurine on the fatty liver of children with simple obesity. 891 1

This study was aimed at finding out whether weight reduction alone can improve liver function in obese patients with fatty liver. We did a longitudinal, clinical intervention study on weight reduction by behavior modification, diet and exercise. The study subjects were 25 patients referred to an obesity clinic in whom obesity is the sole factor causing abnormal liver function and fatty liver. Patients were weighed about one year later. We compared the degree of improvement in hepatic function between Group I that showed weight reduction and Group II that showed no-weight reduction. Group I (13) showed dramatic improvement in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, nearly all down to within normal levels. AST showed statistically significant improvement from 74 +/- 36 IU/l to 25 +/- 7 IU/l. ALT also showed statistically significant improvement from 109 +/- 67 IU/l to 30 +/- 14 IU/l. Group II (12) showed higher AST and ALT levels on follow-up visit than initial visit. AST showed statistically significant elevation from 43 +/- 11 IU/l to 59 +/- 23 IU/l. ALT also showed statistically significant elevation from 64 +/- 21 IU/l to 97 +/- 33 IU/l. If we can rule the other causes of hepatic abnormalities in obese patients with fatty liver, we suggest these patients would benefit by weight reduction.
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PMID:Effect of weight control on hepatic abnormalities in obese patients with fatty liver. 892 25


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