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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nonalcohol-induced fatty liver is widely believed to be a benign condition with little or no risk of disease progression. There have been occasional reports of progression to cirrhosis but none in the absence of preexisting fibrosis on the index biopsy specimen even when co-existing hepatitis was present (steatohepatitis). From our histological database (1978 to 1985), we identified 161 patients with fatty liver seen at our institution and traced the case notes of 156. One hundred five patients were initially excluded as having an alcohol-induced cause, and the remaining 51 either were seen in the clinic (37) or had died, in which cases copies of their death certificates were obtained (14). A further 7 patients were excluded after clinic attendance gave evidence of alcohol excess and another 4 after review of their initial biopsy showed the presence of fibrosis or steatohepatitis. The apparent cause of the steatosis in the 40 included patients with strictly nonalcohol-induced pure fatty liver was obesity in 12, diabetes in 4 (1 obese patient), and cachexia associated with extrahepatic malignancy in 6. Four of the remaining 19 had serological evidence of an autoimmune disorder, but none of these had any clinical or histological features of autoimmune liver disease. Nine patients had evidence of hyperlipidemia, 3 of whom were also obese. At a median follow-up of 11 years (7 to 16), 12 of 26 living patients had abnormal results of liver blood tests and had repeat liver biopsies performed. None had progressed to steatohepatitis or cirrhosis; 1 obese patient had developed mild fibrosis 9.8 years after her index biopsy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver: a follow-up study. 748 79

We compared the weights of the brain, heart, spleen, lungs, liver, and kidneys, uncorrected and corrected for body surface area (BSA) and body mass index (BMI), of 50 alcoholics with 50 forensic controls matched for sex, age, and body weight. With the exception of combined renal weight corrected for BSA and BMI, no significant differences were found in organ weights between the two groups. Glomerular diameter corrected for BSA was significantly greater in alcoholics than controls. It appears that nephromegaly and glomerulomegaly are both population markers for alcoholism. In alcoholics, there was no correlation between the microscopic degree of steatosis and glomerulomegaly. In controls, renal glomerular diameter was greater with increasing severity of hepatic steatosis, probably as a reflection of obesity.
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PMID:Organomegaly in chronic alcoholics. 749 69

The prevalence of fatty liver in children is unknown and its relationship to obesity is poorly defined. The present study of 810 northern Japanese children (4-12 years old) determined the prevalence of fatty liver in the pediatric population and its relationship to obesity. Diagnosis of fatty liver was based on established real-time ultrasonographic criteria. The overall prevalence of fatty liver was 2.6% and was higher for boys (3.4%) than for girls (1.8%), although not statistically significant (P = 0.15). Fatty liver was found in children as young as 6 years of age. There was no significant association between the prevalence of fatty liver and height (physical growth). There was a strong positive correlation between fatty liver prevalence and established obesity indices: Rohrer's Index--chi 2 linear trend = 59.2, P < 0.0001; body mass index--chi 2 linear trend = 91.6, P < 0.0001; and age-gender-adjusted Japanese standard index of weight for height--chi 2 linear trend = 93.2, P < 0.0001. However, direct measurement of abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness by ultrasonography was the best predictor of fatty liver: chi 2 linear trend = 159, P < 0.0001. These results indicate that fatty liver may develop very early in life, and there is a direct relationship between degree of obesity and fatty liver in children.
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PMID:Prevalence of fatty liver in Japanese children and relationship to obesity. An epidemiological ultrasonographic survey. 755 56

A common reason for referring patients to hepatologists is persistently abnormal serum transaminase levels with vague constitutional symptoms. In the United Kingdom, these abnormalities are most often caused by a fatty liver either related to obesity or alcohol abuse; they are less commonly caused by chronic liver disease, particularly chronic viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, or chronic biliary disease. Endocrine disease is rarely a cause of these abnormalities, although hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are well-recognized causes. Addison's disease has been only reported once in the literature by R. G. Olsson as a cause of increased transaminase levels associated with constitutional symptoms; it is not mentioned in textbooks on hepatology. Three patients with Addison's disease are reported here, all of whom had increased serum transaminase levels for more than 6 months before the recognition of the hypoadrenalism with resolution to normal after steroid replacement. Hepatologists should consider subclinical Addison's disease as a cause of persistently increased transaminase levels with constitutional symptoms in the absence of evidence for fatty liver as well as viral and autoimmune markers.
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PMID:Subclinical Addison's disease: a cause of persistent abnormalities in transaminase values. 755 2

The conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase that produces oxygen radicals has been implicated in the ischemic injury to the myocardium and to the kidney. Xanthine dehydrogenase uses NAD as the electron acceptor to catalyze a reaction which does not produce any oxygen free radicals and may depress the conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase. Nicotinamide is the preferred precursor for NAD. This study was conducted to examine the effect of an 18% casein diet supplemented with 0.5% nicotinamide on the activity of oxidoreductase and its two enzyme forms, xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase, in kidney, heart and liver of female obese Zucker rats that spontaneously develop glomerulosclerosis, cardiomegaly and fatty liver. Lean litter mates were used as controls. Nicotinamide supplementation had no effect on the activities of these enzyme forms in the liver of either obese rats or lean rats. Obese rats fed the nicotinamide supplemented diet had higher activities of these enzyme forms in kidneys and hearts than unsupplemented diet fed obese rats, but this difference was not observed in lean rats. In unsupplemented rats, xanthine oxidase activity in the kidney was greater in lean rats than obese rats. Thus, the abnormalities observed in obese rats are unlikely attributable to the xanthine oxidase-mediated oxidant stress.
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PMID:Dietary nicotinamide supplementation increases xanthine oxidoreductase activity in the kidney and heart but not liver of obese Zucker rats. 761 99

Ultrasonic and laboratory studies were performed in 816 white-collar workers over 35 years old who received health examination. Prevalence of fatty liver diagnosed by ultrasonography was 17.9% in all subjects and was maximum (24.4%) in males 45-49 years of age. Obesity index and body mass index were higher in fatty liver than in normal controls. Serum levels of glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), cholinesterase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP), triglyceride, total cholesterol, uric acid, HbA1c and glucose were significantly higher, and a serum level of HDL-cholesterol was significantly lower in males with fatty liver than in controls with obesity. Prevalence of abnormal laboratory findings in fatty liver was also shown, and prevalence of fatty liver was prominently high in males with severe obesity or with mild elevation of GPT. A major cause of fatty liver was considered as obesity. In conclusion, fatty liver was a common cause of liver dysfunction and was closely related to risk factors for atherosclerosis especially in white-collar workers.
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PMID:[Ultrasonic and laboratory studies on fatty liver in white-collar workers]. 764 60

We investigated the hepatocellular peroxisomes in 27 patients with steatosis of the liver by means of catalase cytochemistry, light and electron microscopic study, and morphometry. Seven normal human livers were used as controls. In our patients, fatty liver was mainly associated with alcohol abuse or obesity. Indications for a slight decrease in catalase activity and for a proliferation were found in visual evaluation of the peroxisomes. Morphometric analysis showed a significant decrease in mean peroxisomal diameter (to 87%) and a simultaneous significant elevation to numerical density of the peroxisomes (to 188%); this resulted in a normal volume density and a significant increase to (133%) in surface density. However, individual differences were found. No differences in peroxisomal characteristics were found between fatty livers of different causes. A significant inverse linear correlation between mean peroxisomal diameter and numerical density was found in patients with fatty livers. Because a similar correlation was also found when control data were added to the fatty liver data, we hypothesize that the peroxisomal compartment in human fatty livers is adapted in such a way to permit the same metabolic efficiency as in control livers.
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PMID:Alterations of peroxisomes in steatosis of the human liver: a quantitative study. 765 78

The effects of warm ischemia were investigated in obese Zucker rats with severe hepatic steatosis in order to develop a nontransplant fatty liver ischemia model. Obese (Ob) and lean (Ln) Zucker rats were subjected to in vivo partial hepatic warm ischemia of 45 or 90 min. Injury was assessed by serum alanine aminotransferase, animal survival, and liver histology. Liver lipids were quantified in control animals. After 90-min ischemia and 2-hr reperfusion, liver malondialdehyde was measured and neutrophils in 12 microscopic fields were counted after esterase staining. After 45 and 90 min of ischemia, Ob animals had significantly higher alanine aminotransferase at 1-hr and 24-hr reperfusion, compared with Ln animals (P < 0.01). After 90 min of ischemia, none of the Ln and 8/9 Ob animals died within 48 hr (P < 0.01). Histologically, Ob animals had more hepatocyte necrosis than did Ln animals. Hepatic neutral and phospholipid content (mg/g) in Ob versus Ln animals was 45.2 +/- 2.6 versus 8.2 +/- 0.7 (P < 0.01) and 36.2 +/- 1.9 versus 27 +/- 2.2 (P < 0.05), respectively. After reperfusion, liver malondialdehyde content increased significantly in Ob animals (8.5 +/- 0.4 vs. 12.3 +/- 0.8 pM/mg protein; P < 0.05), but not in Ln animals. Neutrophils, scant in control livers, increased significantly (P < 0.01) after ischemia/RP, but it increased to a similar degree in Ob and Ln animals. Obese Zucker rats with hepatic steatosis are more susceptible to warm ischemia/reperfusion injury than lean animals, and lipid peroxidation may be an important contributory mechanism. Further studies in this model might help to investigate the human problem.
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PMID:Studies of hepatic warm ischemia in the obese Zucker rat. 770 52

To evaluate the relation between the working conditions and the workers' health, particularly the prevalences of obesity, liver disorder and hyperlipidemia, we analyzed physiological examination data and the questionnaire survey about life behaviors and working conditions during the terms of car manufacturing work and car sales work among 61 male subjects. In the physiological examination data, compared with the term of car manufacturing work, the values of body weight, body mass index (BMI), GOT, GPT, gamma-GTP, TG and T-CHO elevated and the prevalences of obesity and liver disorder increased during the term of car sales work. During the term of car sales work, the prevalences of alcohol drinkers and cigarette smokers increased and the changes of food intake behaviors were noted. It was estimated that the changes of food intake behaviors associated with the differences of working conditions contributed increasing number of obesity and liver disorder that was based on fatty liver caused by hyperlipidemia. These results of this study suggested that working conditions associated with the prevalences of obesity, liver disorder and hyperlipidemia were important to conduct the effective health education in the present occupational health administration.
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PMID:[The study of the relation between the working conditions and the prevalences of obesity, liver disorder and hyperlipidemia: evaluation of physiological examination data during the terms of car manufacturing work and car sales work]. 778 Aug 61

In experimental animals the enhancement of hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ketogenic capacity is accompanied by a rise in the concentration of liver carnitine. Massive obesity is characterized by enhanced fatty acid turnover, insulin resistance, and often a fatty liver. Carnitine concentrations were determined in liver, abdominal muscle tissue, and blood in morbidly obese women. The liver and muscle carnitine concentrations were significantly higher in the obese subjects than in the lean control subjects. These findings suggest an increase of the whole-body carnitine pool. In the obese subjects there was also a significant positive correlation between liver and muscle carnitine concentrations. In the majority of the obese subjects fatty changes could be demonstrated in the liver. The plasma insulin concentration tended to be positively correlated with the degree of fat infiltration and negatively correlated with the liver carnitine content. It is concluded that the liver carnitine content is significantly increased in obese women, which agrees with the finding in experimental animals.
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PMID:Increased liver carnitine content in obese women. 782 32


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