Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Binge eating is a common problem among obese individuals, and a simple, accurate way to identify obese binge eaters is needed. This study measured the concordance of the Binge Eating Scale (BES) and the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE). Women seeking obesity treatment (N = 126) were identified as binge eaters or nonbinge eaters using the BES, and then interviewed by clinicians blind to BES score using the EDE, a semistructured interview considered to be the "gold standard" for eating disorder diagnosis. The BES accurately identified nonbinge eaters; 39 of 42 (92.9%) BES-identified nonbinge eaters were confirmed by the EDE. However, the BES did not accurately identify binge eaters; only 43 of the 83 (51.8%) BES-identified binge eaters were confirmed by the EDE. Reasons for the discrepancy between the BES and the EDE in the identification of binge eaters were explored, and modifications to the BES that might improve its accuracy were considered.
 ...
PMID:Diagnosis of binge eating disorder: discrepancies between a questionnaire and clinical interview. 775 96

To test the hypothesis that endogenous opiate peptides selectively influence hedonic response to sweet and high-fat foods, the opiate antagonist naloxone, opiate agonist butorphanol, and a saline placebo were administered by intravenous infusion to 16 obese and 25 normal-weight women. Twenty of the women (10 obese, 10 lean) fulfilled DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa, as determined by psychiatric interview. During drug infusion the women tasted and rated 20 sweetened dairy products and were presented with eight snack foods of varying sugar and fat content. Naloxone suppressed hedonic responses in all subject groups and suppressed the consumption of sweet and high-fat foods in binge eaters, but not in nonbingers. Food intakes of obese women were not affected by naloxone. Butorphanol had no effect on either hedonic response or on food consumption in any group. Although opiate blockade is not a viable strategy for weight reduction in the treatment of obesity, it may be useful in the clinical management of the binge-eating disorder.
 ...
PMID:Naloxone, an opiate blocker, reduces the consumption of sweet high-fat foods in obese and lean female binge eaters. 776 18

This article analyses Allison and Heshka's (Internal Journal of Eating Disorders, 13, 289-295, 1993.) critical analysis of studies supporting psychosomatic theory. Questionned first is, Allison and Heshka's contention that the obese overreport emotional eating as a result of effects of demand characteristics, social desirability, and interpersonal expectancies. These effects, however, indicate that a more plausible response would be an underreport of emotional eating. Also addressed is Allison and Heshka's (Eating Disorders: The Journal of Treatment and Prevention, 1, 31-38, 1993.) contention that a high correlation between a measurement instrument and a measure of social desirability invalidates that measurement instrument. Finally, in a rebuttal of Allison and Heshka's critical analysis of studies supporting psychosomatic theory, it is elaborated why emotional eating explains so little variance in weight gain and obesity.
 ...
PMID:In defense of psychosomatic theory: a critical analysis of Allison and Heshka's critical analysis. 777 67

The impressive 10-year success of behavioral treatment of childhood obesity stands in marked contrast to the disappointing long-term results obtained with obese adults. It may be easier to teach children healthy eating and activity habits. Parents also regulate access to food, thereby reducing the importance of self-control. Whether treatment of childhood obesity affects the later development of an eating disorder is a question that calls for future research.
 ...
PMID:Behavioral treatment of childhood obesity: theoretical and practical implications. 780 31

In anorexia nervosa, psychopathological features and reduced body weight are inseparable, suggesting a prominent role of behavioral factors in achievement and maintenance of extreme underweight. Due to the considerably higher prevalence of this eating disorder in females, anorexia nervosa contributes to the left end of the distribution of the body mass index, especially in the female sex. By reviewing the relevant literature we examined whether genetic research in anorexia nervosa can profit from considering this disorder as an extreme weight condition. For this purpose we compared genetic studies pertaining to both anorexia nervosa and the heritability of the body mass index. Whereas previous genetic studies in anorexia nervosa have mostly concentrated on the assessment of the familial psychopathology, further studies are warranted that additionally attempt to analyze the complex phenotype body weight in relatives of affected probands. Further insight into pathogenetic mechanisms underlying anorexia nervosa might be gained by contrasting the epidemiological, psychopathological and prognostic factors with those in severe obesity. Thus, epidemiological studies suggest that females are more likely to develop both extreme underweight and extreme obesity. A possible explanation for this phenomenon is that the, on average, higher percentage of total body weight composed of fat mass might predispose females towards the development of both extreme weight conditions.
 ...
PMID:Anorexia nervosa viewed as an extreme weight condition: genetic implications. 781 9

Animal experiments have shown that the parvocellular oxytocin (OXT) neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) inhibit food intake. In the present study, the PVN and its OXT neurons have been investigated in an extreme human eating disorder, i.e. the Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). PWS patients are characterized by gross obesity, insatiable hunger, hypotonia, hypogonadism, and mental retardation. The PVN of 5 PWS patients (2 males and 3 females), varying in age between 22-64 yr, and 27 controls (14 males and 13 females) without any primary neurological or psychiatric diseases was morphometrically investigated after conventional staining with thionine and immunocytochemical staining for OXT and vasopressin (AVP). The thionine-stained volume of the PVN was 28% smaller in PWS patients (P = 0.028), and the total cell number was 38% lower (P = 0.009). The immunoreactivity for OXT and AVP was decreased in PWS patients, although the variability within the groups was high. A strong and highly significant decrease (42%; P = 0.016) was found in the number of OXT-expressing neurons of the PWS patients. The volume of the PVN-containing OXT-expressing neurons decreased by 54% (P = 0.028) in PWS. The number of AVP-expressing neurons in the PVN did not change significantly. The OXT neurons of the PVN seem to be good candidates for playing a physiological role in ingestive behavior as "satiety neurons" in the human hypothalamus.
 ...
PMID:Alterations in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and its oxytocin neurons (putative satiety cells) in Prader-Willi syndrome: a study of five cases. 785 23

This study examined the relationship between characteristics of alexithymia and eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and obesity) in a nonclinical sample of 308 college women. Scores on the Toronto Alexithymia Scale were mostly unrelated to a weight index, which assessed subjects' deviation from their expected weight, but were correlated with subjects' scores on the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI). EDI scores were related to the affective deficits of alexithymia (difficulty identifying and communicating feelings), but not to the cognitive disturbance associated with alexithymia.
 ...
PMID:Characteristics of alexithymia and eating disorders in college women. 799 72

Psychological traits of obese patients, assessed with the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), were compared to those of subjects in the long-term following biliopancreatic diversion for obesity (BPD), when body weight has been steadily normal for over 1 year and any preoccupation with dieting and weight has been completely abandoned. The overall results suggest that the stable body weight normalization on a completely free diet does confer considerable psychological benefit on obese individuals. On the basis of the EDI results, post-BPD subjects were divided into weight-preoccupied and not-weight-preoccupied individuals. In the not-weight-preoccupied subjects, the psychosocial status and emotional rectivity were closely similar to those observed in lean control persons, whereas the few weight-preoccupied subjects, in spite of completely normal body weight, showed residual body dissatisfaction and personality traits very similar to those of eating-disordered patients.
 ...
PMID:Eating disorder inventory in the assessment of psychosocial status in the obese patients prior to and at long-term following biliopancreatic diversion for obesity. 819 7

Typical DSM-III-R bulimia nervosa with self-induced vomiting was found in 2 women of Hong Kong Chinese origin and a Chinese man from Malaysia. All 3 cases had a family history of obesity. In 2 of the cases a period of weight gain and in the third case frank obesity preceded the onset of the eating disorder. Cultural transition seemed to play an important part in the onset and maintenance of the eating disorder.
 ...
PMID:Bulimia nervosa in the Chinese. 829 34

Using the 40-item Eating Attitudes Test and other self-report questions, a two-stage screening survey of 1020 (F 646, M 374) Chinese bilingual university students in Hong Kong showed that although female students were 'underweight' by Western standard, the majority of them and nearly all female students above a body mass index of 20.5 kg/m2 were cognitively inclined to diet and weigh less, albeit without being driven to actual weight control behaviour. In contrast, most male students and a minority of constitutionally thin female students clearly wished to gain weight. While a number of items were culturally inappropriate, factor analysis supported the overall cross-cultural conceptual validity of the EAT. The principal factor, reflecting dieting concerns, correlated positively with the current body mass index. Among the high scorers, only three female students with partial syndrome bulimia nervosa were identified, yielding a low prevalence of 0.46% for the spectrum of eating disorders. It is argued that the desire for slimness is widespread but its intensity and pathogenic potentiality vary across cultures. In the relative absence of obesity, it may not lead to more eating disorder.
 ...
PMID:How abnormal is the desire for slimness? A survey of eating attitudes and behaviour among Chinese undergraduates in Hong Kong. 833 60


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>