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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) appears to be a disturbance of circadian rhythm caused by desynchronization between the solar clock and the human biologic clock during seasons of short photoperiods. The supplemental bright light of phototherapy resynchronizes the disturbed rhythm; however, a comprehensive theory to explain the mechanism of phototherapy is lacking. Future research on the action of melatonin and serotonin and the photochemical effect of light in relation to possible circadian rhythm disorders should help us to better understand and treat not only SAD but other conditions such as jet lag, premenstrual syndrome, eating disorder, and carbohydrate-craving obesity.
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PMID:Seasonal affective disorder. Shedding light on a dark subject. 267 72

A screening of Bulimia, an eating disorder associated to Obesity and Anorexia Nervosa, has been carried out in the city of Buenos Aires. The data were obtained by means of the questionnaire of Pope & Hudson, administered to young women who attend diet and physical activity programs. Control groups were constituted by female university students and boutique employees. The results indicate that diet and physical fitness searchers are groups at risk of Bulimia. It is concluded that proper preventive measures can be taken by informing and training the personnel, professional or not, in charge of those institutions, and also by promoting the adequate information within the population.
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PMID:[Characterization and detection of bulimia in the city of Buenos Aires]. 325 26

This report investigates childhood and adolescent obesity through a comparison with anorexia nervosa, an eating disorder typically associated with the opposite end of the eating behavior spectrum. Many similarities in the etiologies of the two conditions are discussed, particularly with regard to the influence of family interactional patterns. More specifically, it appears that the families of both anorexics and the obese are characterized by overprotectiveness and enmeshment, resulting in a poor sense of identity and effectiveness. Such children, usually compliant and dependent in childhood, misuse the eating function in an attempt to assert their independence and gain control of their lives in adolescence. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R), anorexia nervosa, but not obesity, meets the definition of an eating disorder. Although it appears that DSM-III-R is accurate in not classifying obesity as an eating disorder, it is important to keep the etiological similarities of the two conditions in mind when treating obesity.
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PMID:Determinants of adolescent obesity: a comparison with anorexia nervosa. 328 9

Intragastric balloons have been suggested as a treatment for severe obesity, a degree of obesity associated with a relatively greater eating disorder or lack of control of energy balance. The premises that 250-500-ml balloons are able to simulate "satiety" in a 1700-ml stomach sufficiently to cause weight loss, that the stomach will not stretch to accommodate such a besoar (with or without ulcerating), and that behavioral modification is cost-effective in weight control in this population have not been corroborated. Experience from gastric restrictive surgery has demonstrated the conceptual failure of gastric satiety as a means of achieving and sustaining weight loss in a substantial percentage of morbidly obese patients. Other methods are needed to reduce the increased morbidity and mortality of severe obesity.
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PMID:Gastric balloons: a plea for sanity in the midst of balloonacy. 337 17

Thirty-one morbidly obese patients awaiting gastric stapling and 31 similar patients who had already undergone this procedure were evaluated using four psychological self-report questionnaires: Eating Disorder Inventory, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory, Locus of Control, and a questionnaire developed by the authors. The subjects were predominantly female, had a strong family history of obesity, and reported anxiety in the pathological range. The overall results suggest that, while not a panacea, gastric stapling does confer significant benefit to morbidly obese individuals.
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PMID:Psychosocial considerations in gastric stapling surgery. 340 93

Eating is a sensitive barometer of emotional state and parent-child interaction. Psychosocial distortions often appear first to the health worker and are referred to the dietitian as distortions in eating. At times, the distortion is severe enough to be called an eating disorder. An eating disorder of childhood is the misuse of feeding in an attempt to solve or camouflage family problems of living that seem otherwise insoluble. The childhood eating disorder might take the form of failure to thrive, obesity, excessive finickiness, or, most commonly, vehement and protracted struggles between parent and child about eating. An eating disorder is a biopsychosocial problem. It is based on characteristics and distortions in physical, physiological, psychological, and social factors. The dietitian who is to be helpful with families referred to her for correction of eating difficulties must be able to detect the disordered situation and differentiate it from one that is simply problematic. If an eating disorder exists, it is unlikely that the situation will change without psychotherapeutic intervention into family functioning. An appropriately conducted symptom management approach to correct the eating distortion is a helpful and potentially successful adjunct to psychotherapy. Such a component should be constructed around the restoration of a positive feeding relationship.
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PMID:Childhood eating disorders. 345 87

A young adolescent girl (13.5 years old) with a compulsive eating disorder and gross obesity was treated with a combination of behavior therapy and fenfluramine (Ponderax). The behavior modification program used was adapted from Reiss's program, an approach that had proven effective in individuals with hyperphagia and overweight who had no additional emotional problems or brain damage. In our patient the problem was complicated by the presence of autism, with compulsive eating being particularly ingrained as a form of stereotyped behavior. We therefore decided to administer fenfluramine concurrently because it is known to have both an appetite-depressing effect and a positive effect on behavioral disturbances characteristic of autistic individuals. During inpatient treatment the girl lost weight and showed changes in behavior. The changed eating behavior was still being maintained many months after discharge and after fenfluramine had been discontinued. We assume that drug treatment provided an important kind of support for the behavioral treatment program. Further, we attribute the emotional stabilization in this autistic girl to fenfluramine. We now plan to extend this treatment approach to other subjects with similar problems.
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PMID:[Treatment of compulsive eating disorders in an autistic girl by combining behavior therapy and pharmacotherapy. Case report]. 376 95

The first 95 patients admitted to an inpatient Eating Disorders Program and diagnosed as having bulimia (binge eating only), bulimarexia (binging and purging), and anorexia nervosa (food restriction only) were evaluated for depression, suicidality, and family history. Major depression was found in 80% of patients; 20% had made suicide attempts in their life; and 40% of those attempting suicide made potentially lethal attempts. Patients with anorexia and bulimarexia tended to be younger, single, and Protestant. Patients with bulimarexia had overeating, oversleeping, more preoccupation with suicide, and more depression in their mothers. Patients with anorexia had more relatives with anorexia and bulimarexia, and patients with bulimia had more relatives with obesity. These findings suggest that eating disorders are unique disorders and not variants of affective disorder or alcoholism.
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PMID:Depression and suicidality in eating disorders. 385 65

Anorexia and bulimia are eating disorders affecting a significant number of adolescent and young adult women. The core symptoms of both disorders are similar and include a fear of obesity, body image disturbance, erratic eating patterns, and purging. These symptoms produce significant physical and psychologic complications. Both anorexia and bulimia appear to have a common origin in a fear of obesity and dieting. Anorectics, being "successful" dieters, lose a significant amount of weight; whereas bulimics alternate between binges and purges. Treatment for the eating disorders is gradually evolving as clinical research experience accumulates. For anorexia, hospitalization is indicated when weight falls below 15% of ideal, and most investigators agree that therapy for the core symptoms cannot be undertaken until weight is restored. During the impatient stay, a behavior modification program can effectively organize medical, nutritional, and psychologic support, and offers the quickest and most direct route to weight restoration. The nasogastric tube and total parenteral nutrition are used primarily for those who are severely emaciated or who actively resist standard modes of therapy. Inpatient treatment is most effectively and efficiently rendered in a specialized eating disorder unit. Once weight restoration is progressing, behavior therapy for core symptoms is commenced and continued on an outpatient basis. A variety of behavioral techniques are employed, and they are designed primarily to influence anorectic assumptions and beliefs. Although there may be a brief inpatient stay for initiation of treatment, the bulk of therapy for bulimia occurs on an outpatient basis. The available literature indicates that behavioral techniques and antidepressant medication are effective for the symptoms of bulimia. Early identification of core symptoms of both disorders can lead to an initiation of treatment before the core symptoms become ingrained. A potentially more effective intervention lies in efforts to influence the media. As noted, standards for feminine beauty as portrayed in the media have changed significantly over the past 20 years. An attempt at the primary prevention of eating disorders would include efforts to convince the media to change their standards of femininity from cosmetic slimness to a focus on health and physical fitness. These efforts could stem from professional and lay organizations who have the interest and capability to influence policy.
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PMID:Eating disorders: assessment and treatment. 386 31

Bulimia is an eating disorder characterized by the ingestion of large amounts of food, usually followed by self-induced vomiting or laxative abuse. Although sometimes a symptom of obesity or anorexia nervosa, bulimia is often associated with borderline weight and nutritional status and thus may be difficult to detect. Since secrecy and shame accompany this syndrome, patients are reluctant to seek treatment. We present ten diagnostic clues for identifying bulimic patients: (1) preoccupation with weight, (2) gastrointestinal complaints, (3) dental and oropharyngeal changes, (4) salivary gland enlargement, (5) edema and bloating, (6) amenorrhea, (7) dermatologic complaints, (8) substance abuse, (9) laboratory changes, and (10) serious consequences. A case study illustrates the major features of the disorder and its treatment.
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PMID:Bulimia: diagnostic clues. 657 18


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