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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Psychological investigations have failed to reveal a distinct personality type or psychodynamic conflict pattern in moderately and massively obese persons. Many of the psychological problems noted in the obese such as anxiety, depression, and poor self-esteem seem to be the result of, rather than the cause of, the obese state. Morbidly obese persons share an addictive behavior pattern that is also seen in persons with other types of addictions. The extent of their obesity points to the strong substance abuse component of the eating disorder. Behavior modification programs aimed at changing problematic eating patterns and teaching self-management skills in relation to food consumption have been moderately successful and have been shown to result in a mean post-treatment weiht loss of seven to 16 pounds. However, the majority of morbidly obese persons will not lose enough weight to make this an effective treatment program for them.
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PMID:Personality and morbid obesity. Implications for dietary management through behavior modification. 53 36

Some patients with eating disorders have neither anorexia nervosa (A.N.) nor bulimia. Cases which do not rigorously meet the DSM-III-R criteria for anorexia nervosa or for bulimia are usually defined as "eating disorders N.O.S." Among them are patients with pathological characteristics very closely related to the above-mentioned categories. Others, however, although affected by an eating disorder, present a quite different clinical picture from either A.N. or bulimia. In a study of 80 eating disorder cases, only 45 met the strict definition of A.N. or bulimia. The other 35 were diagnosed as atypical eating disorders and are the focus of this presentation. 29 were classified as Eating Disorders N.O.S. and 6 as obesity. Co-morbidity, gender and age data, and clinical vignettes are presented.
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PMID:Atypical eating disorders. 139 Jul 97

We studied food selection and intake of 19 women [body mass index (in kg/m2) > 30] [corrected], 10 of whom met proposed DSM-IV criteria for binge-eating disorder (BED). All subjects ate two multicourse meals in the laboratory, and were given tape-recorded instructions at each meal either to binge or eat in a normal fashion. Subjects with BED consumed significantly more energy than did subjects without BED at both the binge [12,400 vs 8440 kJ (2963 vs 2017 kcal), P < 0.005] and normal [9810 vs 6870 kJ (2343 vs 1640 kcal), P < 0.02] meals. During the binge meal subjects with BED consumed a greater percentage of energy as fat (38.9% vs 33.5%, P < 0.002) and a lesser percentage as protein (11.4% vs 15.4%, P < 0.01) than did subjects without BED. There were no differences in macronutrient composition of food choices between groups in the normal meal. Obese women who meet criteria for BED show differences in both intake and macronutrient composition of food choices from obese women who do not meet these criteria when asked to eat in a laboratory setting, supporting the validity of this new diagnosis.
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PMID:Food selection and intake of obese women with binge-eating disorder. 144 65

While it is clear that males and females with eating disorders share more features in common than dissimilarities, males are distinctive in their past histories of obesity, sexual identity concerns, defensive dieting, and dieting in relationship to sports participation. All adolescents with an eating disorder are likely to be guarded in terms of disclosing items affecting their psychological state. Young men may be more so. In light of this fact, diagnosis of these disorders in adolescent male patients still depends on ruling out possible organic etiologies, thoroughly assessing the adolescent's mental status, and looking for underlying psychiatric symptoms. The association between mood disorders, namely depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder as well as other anxiety disorders is as strong in young males with eating disorders as with females. Assessment of developmental and nutritional status is key to the diagnosis and is helpful in monitoring recovery. Standards of monitoring other than weight are important and have been outlined. Lastly, family psychodynamics must be addressed in order to provide the eating-disordered young man with more control as well as more independence in order that he take more personal responsibility for a healthier lifestyle.
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PMID:The adolescent male with an eating disorder. 148 52

To date, in publications on hamartomas, precocious puberty and laughing seizures have been discussed, but behavioural and cognitive abnormalities have been neglected. Therefore, we report a 14-year-old girl with a proven hamartoma, in which abnormalities of behaviour and cognition played an important role within the somatopsychic complex. In our patient, urinary incontinence during the seizures and psychiatric symptoms, such as eating disorder with obesity, school phobia, antisocial behaviour, withdrawal and cognitive problems (e.g. general slowness, deficiency of cognitive flexibility) came to the fore. The girl had not attended school regularly for almost 2 years, had stayed at home and was overtaxed psychosocially. The seizures and the urinary incontinence improved with drug treatment, but psychiatric difficulties increased and remained untreated until the girl came to a child psychiatric inpatient clinic where drug treatment and behavioural therapy were combined. During well-coordinated neurological and psychiatric treatment the laughing seizures (spontaneous, event-related, psychogenic) decreased and a considerable improvement in psychiatric and psychosocial problems was attained. Consequently, we recommend a close and timely integration of the psychiatric aspects in the treatment of children with hamartomas.
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PMID:Psychiatric disturbances in children with hamartomas: a neglected somatopsychic issue. A case report. 149 56

A moderately obese 49-year-old woman who was enrolled in a nutrition and weight control clinic quickly attained her target weight through an individualized program of balanced deficit diet, routine exercise, and weekly counseling. Weight loss continued until she was 15% below Metropolitan Relative Weight, when family members grew concerned that she had developed an eating disorder. Despite nutritional and behavioral counseling, she has rigorously maintained her exaggerated weight loss. This case report illustrates a potentially serious but often overlooked reason for careful monitoring of patients undergoing treatment for obesity. Health professionals involved in weight control programs should routinely assess patients for potential eating disorders.
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PMID:Orderly dieting and disordered eating: a case report. 205 64

The effectiveness of a new model for the treatment of obesity was studied. This model assumed that obesity was not an eating disorder but a "not eating" disorder. Obese individuals do not have a problem eating, they are overly good at it. Obese individuals have a problem not eating. They experience difficulty or anxiety when they do not eat. The model assumed that removal of anxiety associated with "not eating" would allow obese subjects to lose weight. Wolpe and Lazarus' progressive relaxation techniques were used to decondition anxiety assumed associated with "not eating" in subjects. Inferred anxiety was deconditioned under conditions of "not eating" when imagining hunger, emotions, and cravings. Twenty-five subjects were instructed not to follow a diet after deconditioning but to eat less and be hungry to lose weight. A control group of 10 was instructed to follow a balanced 1000-calorie diet to lose weight. The former group lost a statistically significant amount of weight (7.5% of their body weight) over 11.9 months, while the control group subjects gained 6.5% of their weight. The model appears to be effective for the treatment of some individuals who wish to lose weight, based upon this preliminary study. Replication with other and larger groups is essential.
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PMID:Investigating the impact of deconditioning anxiety on weight loss. 219 Feb 55

Eating disorders among adolescents in the United States constitute the most frequent nutritional problems in this age group, and their prevalence appears to be increasing. A causal relationship of television viewing to obesity is strongly suggested for children and adolescents. Perhaps as much as 25% of the recent increase in obesity among adolescents may be attributable to increases in television viewing. Associations between television viewing and anorexia and bulimia are less explicit than they are for obesity. Nonetheless, because children and adolescents spend more time viewing television than they do in any activity other than sleep, the world shown on television may acquire a greater reality than the world that is experienced. The low frequency of obesity among televised characters, combined with the frequent food-related references that are contained in both commercials and programming, may promote unrealistic conclusions regarding eating and body weight. Television reflects a cultural contradiction by promoting food consumption and leanness. In this context, bulimia may be viewed as an adaptive response, because only bulimics can eat everything they wish and remain thin.
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PMID:You are what you eat--what you eat is what you are. 230 99

The literature regarding the association of personality with obesity has been generally confusing and contradictory with very different pictures of the obese person emerging. An alternative to identifying either personality types or personality traits associated with the condition is to construct a typology of obese individuals. Rather than seeking the "obesity personality," the method utilized in the current research sought to differentiate the obese population of an outpatient weight-control clinic into distinct subgroups. For purposes of this study, the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) was employed as the measure of personality. The typing procedure using the eight EDI factor scores yielded four distinct subgroups: normal obese, normal/drive-for-thinness group, normal/perfectionist group, and distressed/bulimic group. Issues regarding treatment format, treatment needs, and treatment outcome are discussed.
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PMID:An Eating Disorder Inventory-based typology of outpatient obese individuals. 248 79

The present study investigated the incidence of eating disorders in two samples representing populations seldom reported upon in the eating disorder literature: Pueblo Indians and Hispanics. Subjects were 95 students from a rural, public high school serving primarily low income families. Although no ethnic differences were found, the majority of girls in both samples reported wanting to lose weight, being worried about their weight, and indulging in binge eating. Nine of the girls (11 per cent) reported eating habits consistent with the DMS III (APA, 1980) criteria for bulimia. In contrast, few boys indicated concerns about their weight or eating habits. The results suggest that eating disorders and concern about obesity are found in a variety of ethnic groups in the United States today.
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PMID:Disordered eating in South-western Pueblo Indians and Hispanics. 259 39


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