Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The association between obesity and peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is inconclusive. To evaluate the association of obesity and metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) with PUD risk, we performed a retrospective cohort study of 32,472 subjects without PUD at baseline who underwent repeated health examinations. Participants were stratified by body mass index (BMI) and metabolically healthy state. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazard modelling. During the follow-up period, 1940 PUD cases occurred. PUD, particularly gastric ulcer (GU), had significantly higher cumulative incidence in obese subjects compared to non-obese subjects (p value < 0.001). The HR for developing GU was 1.32 (95% CI, 1.16-1.49; p value <0.001); after adjusting for confounding factors (lifestyle, metabolic, and Helicobacter pylori status), the association was no more significant (p value = 0.789). For duodenal ulcer (DU), cumulative incidence between obese and non-obese groups was not significantly different (p value = 0.464). The risk of developing DU in the obese group was not significantly different from the non-obese group (HR 0.95; 95% CI, 0.83-1.09; p value = 0.469) and consistently showed no association after adjusting for metabolic parameters (p value = 0.199). Furthermore, MHO subjects had no increase in GU or DU risks. In this large cohort study, PUD risk was not associated with obesity or MHO.
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PMID:Obesity and Risk of Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Large-Scale Health Check-Up Cohort Study. 3117 19

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide widely distributed in the nervous system, where it exerts strong neuroprotective effects. PACAP is also expressed in peripheral organs but its peripheral protective effects have not been summarized so far. Therefore, the aim of the present paper is to review the existing literature regarding the cytoprotective effects of PACAP in non-neuronal cell types, peripheral tissues, and organs. Among others, PACAP has widespread expression in the digestive system, where it shows protective effects in various intestinal pathologies, such as duodenal ulcer, small bowel ischemia, and intestinal inflammation. PACAP is present in both the exocrine and endocrine pancreas as well as liver where it reduces inflammation and steatosis by interfering with hepatic pathology related to obesity. It is found in several exocrine glands and also in urinary organs, where, with its protective effects being mainly published regarding renal pathologies, PACAP is protective in numerous conditions. PACAP displays anti-inflammatory effects in upper and lower airways of the respiratory system. In the skin, it is involved in the development of inflammatory pathology such as psoriasis and also has anti-allergic effects in a model of contact dermatitis. In the non-neuronal part of the visual system, PACAP showed protective effects in pathological conditions of the cornea and retinal pigment epithelial cells. The positive role of PACAP has been demonstrated on the formation and healing processes of cartilage and bone where it also prevents osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis development. The protective role of PACAP was also demonstrated in the cardiovascular system in different pathological processes including hyperglycaemia-induced endothelial dysfunction and age-related vascular changes. In the heart, PACAP protects against ischemia, oxidative stress, and cardiomyopathies. PACAP is also involved in the protection against the development of pre-senile systemic amyloidosis, which is presented in various peripheral organs in PACAP-deficient mice. The studies summarized here provide strong evidence for the cytoprotective effects of the peptide. The survival-promoting effects of PACAP depend on a number of factors which are also shortly discussed in the present review.
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PMID:Protective Effects of PACAP in Peripheral Organs. 3276 18


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