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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two hundred and one individuals with Down's syndrome were assessed for evidence of overweight and obesity. Thirty-one per cent of males and 22% of females were overweight, while 48% males and 47% females were obese. Overweight and obesity was significantly associated with living in the family home compared to supervised community units or in hospital. No association with the degree of learning disability was found.
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PMID:Overweight and obesity amongst Down's syndrome adults. 855 20

The aims of this study were to review what is currently known about comorbidity in people with Down's syndrome and to determine if their relative risk for certain disorders was increased. Analysis was carried out on the published literature from 1982 through 1994. In order to be included in this study, articles had to meet predetermined criteria. The strengths and weaknesses of the selected articles were considered in this review. The estimation of relative risks was done by calculating the odds ratio (OR). Odds ratios of > 2 or < 0.5 were found in more than one article for congenital heart defects, hypothyroidism, hearing impairment and hepatitis B. Only one article indicated an OR within this range for all of the following disorders: obesity, epilepsy, degenerative spine disorders and a wide atlanto-axial distance. The results were unclear in the areas of hyperthyroidism, visual disorders, dementia and psychiatric disorders. The concept of comorbidity, i.e. establishing the relationships between the various conditions in one person and understanding the implications for medical care, seems promising, especially for people with intellectual disability. Further work in this area may well improve the quality of care offered to these people.
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PMID:Comorbidity in people with Down's syndrome: a criteria-based analysis. 890 27

We have evaluated serum leptin concentrations in two forms of genetic obesity. The subjects examined were eight women with Down syndrome and eight women with Prader-Willi syndrome. All patients were in the reproductive age range and were obese (body mass index > or = 27 kg/m2). Plasma leptin values, analyzed as a function of body mass index showed a statistically significant correlation in both Prader-Willi (r = 0.985; p < 0.001) and Down syndrome patients (r = 0.943; p < 0.001). Obese Down syndrome women exhibited significantly lower leptin values (10.8 +/- 1.1) as compared to patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (31 +/- 2.6; p < 0.01). The linear correlation between leptin and insulin in the two groups of patients was not statistically significant. The data suggested that obesity in Prader-Willi subjects could be caused by failure of leptin to reach its target in the brain, as a consequence of defects in the receptor or in postreceptor processing, whereas data on obese patients with Down syndrome could be due to a different pathogenetic origin.
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PMID:Serum leptin concentrations in obese women with Down syndrome and Prader-Willi syndrome. 1036 96

A questionnaire-based investigation was performed on 325 Japanese school children with Down syndrome ages 6 to 18. Data on height and body weight, eating habits, physical activity for these children were obtained through their parents. Proportion of obese children was higher among these subjects than the average for Japanese children (34.3% and 7.47% respectively, for the ages from 6 to 14). We examined characteristics of eating habits and physical activities between the obese group (obesity index greater than 20% above the average of Japanese school children) and the non-obese group. Obesity started to increase in the obese group around age 7. The obese group tended to have had a greater intake of sweets, juice and total foods in their preschool days, but unexpectedly had been physically more active in their primary school days.
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PMID:[Obesity and life style of Japanese school children with Down syndrome]. 1069 42

Tertiary trisomy, or double trisomy, is a rare occurrence. We present two individuals with a previously unreported tertiary trisomy for chromosomes 5p and 21q in an eight-generation pedigree. Their phenotypes are compared with other partial trisomies of either 5p or 21q from the literature. The propositus was diagnosed with trisomy 21 at 2 years of age after a karyotype study for short stature and developmental delay. His phenotype was described as atypical for Down syndrome. He presented at 9 years of age because of pervasive behavioral problems and obesity. He was brachycephalic with a flattened nasal bridge, but he lacked other characteristics of trisomy 21. Because of lack of phenotypic evidence of Down syndrome, a repeat karyotype was obtained and showed 47,XY, +der(21)t(5;21)(p15.1; q22.1), incorporating partial trisomies of both chromosomes 5 and 21. Mother had a balanced translocation, 46, XX,t(5;21)(p15.1; q22.1); 8 other relatives were examined. The translocation originated from the maternal great-grandmother, but only the propositus and his mentally retarded aunt had a similar phenotye and the derivative chromosome. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed absence of band 21q22.2 in the derivative chromosome of the propositus and his aunt, indicating that neither had trisomy for the Down syndrome critical region. These cases represent a unique double partial trisomy of chromosome arms 5p and 21q that occurred because of 3:1 malsegregation of a reciprocal translocation. These cases further demonstrate that phenotypic discordance with cytogenetic results dictate further investigation using advanced cytogenetic hybridization.
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PMID:Tertiary trisomy due to a reciprocal translocation of chromosomes 5 and 21 in a four-generation family. 1086 59

Acanthosis nigricans (AN) occurs associated with many different systemic diseases, such as endocrine disorders and internal malignant neoplasms. To our knowledge, the association of AN with severe atopic dermatitis (AD) or Down syndrome has not been described before. This 82-month retrospective study included 1038 patients: AN was present in 4.9% of atopic patients and 50.9% of subjects with Down syndrome. AN was more frequent in patients with severe AD and in 100% of cases of hand dermatitis and juvenile plantar dermatosis, located on the interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints, whereas in Down syndrome other flexures were also affected. The pathogenesis of AN in AD is unknown, but in Down syndrome it seems to be related to obesity. Possible insulin resistance underlyng the pathogenesis of AN in these patients is still unknown.
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PMID:Acanthosis nigricans: a new cutaneous sign in severe atopic dermatitis and Down syndrome. 1173 37

Until recently, infectious diseases and malnutrition-related disorders constituted the major cause of ill health and mortality in the world population. However, advances in treatment of such disorders and increased understanding of the molecular basis of heredity have led to genetically transmitted conditions becoming a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Several disorders, including chromosomal (Down syndrome, Turner syndrome), single-gene (sickle-cell disease, thalassaemia, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, haemophilia, inborn errors of metabolism) and multifactorial disorders (coronary artery disease, arteriosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity) are common and becoming increasingly important. As there is no agreed-upon definitive cure with acceptable risk, these disorders are a significant burden on the health care delivery system. This is because the chronic nature of genetic diseases requires lifelong medical attention, expensive supportive and symptomatic therapy and specialist care. This review outlines the genetic disorders, their impact on health care delivery systems and the general framework required to prevent and control these disorders.
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PMID:Spectrum of genetic disorders and the impact on health care delivery: an introduction. 1192 97

As the child with Down syndrome enters the second decade of life, some of the original medical issues, such as cardiac, vision, and hearing problems, continue to concern parents. Dermatologic and podiatric problems may become particularly bothersome. Although the child may be doing well, monitoring for thyroid and celiac disease continues to be needed. Continued vigilance is needed for arthritis, diabetes, leukemia, neck subluxation, and seizures. Prevention and treatment of dental and obesity problems are important. Psychiatric and behavioral problems may compromise the adolescent's opportunities. Sexuality and the associated issues of abuse, pregnancy, and menstrual hygiene must be addressed.
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PMID:Medical care and monitoring for the adolescent with Down syndrome. 1198 41

This study evaluated blood pressure and heart rate responses to exercise and nonexercise tasks as indexes of autonomic function in subjects with and without Down syndrome (DS). Twenty-four subjects (12 with and 12 without DS) completed maximal treadmill exercise, isometric handgrip (30% of maximum), and cold pressor tests, with heart rate and blood pressure measurements. Maximal heart rate and heart rate and blood pressure responses to the isometric handgrip and cold pressor tests were reduced in subjects with DS (P < 0.05). Both early (first 30 s) and late (last 30 s) responses were reduced. Obesity did not appear to influence the results, as both obese and normal-weight subjects with DS exhibited similar responses, and controlling for body mass index did not alter the results between controls and subjects with DS. Individuals with DS, without congenital heart disease, exhibit reduced heart rate and blood pressure responses to isometric handgrip exercise and cold pressor testing, consistent with autonomic dysfunction. Autonomic dysfunction may partially explain chronotropic incompetence observed during maximal treadmill exercise in individuals with DS.
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PMID:Attenuated responses to sympathoexcitation in individuals with Down syndrome. 1257 12

Several lines of evidence suggest that the loss of estrogen after menopause may play a role in cognitive declines associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In postmenopausal women, the principal source of estrogen is estrone, which is influenced by body mass index (BMI). Increased BMI in postmenopausal women is associated with higher levels of serum estradiol and estrone. We hypothesized that obesity could have a beneficial effect on cognition with advancing age. We compared the performance of healthy nondemented obese and non-obese women with Down syndrome (DS) on a broad spectrum of cognitive tests. Estrone levels were 66.9% higher in obese than in non-obese postmenopausal women, and 136% higher in obese than in non-obese premenopausal women. Obese postmenopausal women performed significantly better than non-obese women on measures of verbal memory and on an omnibus test of neuropsychological function, but did not differ significantly in verbal fluency, language, praxis or visuospatial functioning. Among premenopausal women, there was no difference in cognitive function between obese and non-obese women. Our results support the hypothesis that higher endogenous estrogen levels after menopause are associated with better performance on verbal memory.
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PMID:Obesity enhances verbal memory in postmenopausal women with Down syndrome. 1474 33


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