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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Carbohydrate metabolism was studied in eight patients with Down's syndrome, aged 8 to 18 years. Diabetic glucose tolerance was observed in only one patient with obesity. This impaired glucose tolerance was improved with the weight reduction due to diet restriction. The flat glucose tolerance curves with low peak values were also observed in the other two patients. In the remaining five patients, normal glucose tolerance was obtained. Insulin response and free fatty acid levels during oral glucose load were not characteristic except for the diabetic patient with obesity. The sera of Down's syndrome showed normal binding capacity for insulin. These results suggest that obesity might partly participate in the impaired glucose tolerance in Down's syndrome.
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PMID:Carbohydrate metabolism in Down's syndrome. 16 Jun 33

Thirty sibling pairs, each with one Down syndrome child between the ages of 2 and 14, were selected from families who had participated in an infant-stimulation program. The maternal and paternal educational levels were 14.9 and 16.9 years, respectively. The Down syndrome patients and their siblings were compared in terms of body-mass index, that is, weight/stature2 (w/s2); activity as measured on a questionnaire; and weekly caloric intake. There were no significant differences between the Down syndrome children and their siblings in terms of w/s2. The Down syndrome patients were less active than their siblings and spent significantly more time indoors, showing a preference for indoor activities. Caloric intake calculated as percentage of recommended allowance for height was somewhat less in the Down syndrome children--88.7%, compared with 95% in the siblings--but not significantly so. It is postulated that even though Down syndrome patients have been shown to be at risk for obesity, familial and other environmental factors, such as dietary control and involvement in physical activity, have an influence.
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PMID:Dietary practices, physical activity, and body-mass index in a selected population of Down syndrome children and their siblings. 138 71

To find out the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the mentally handicapped, 183 subjects living in the community were studied; 58 of whom had Down's syndrome. It was found that 70.58% of males and 95.83% of females with Down's syndrome, and 49.29% males and 62.96% females from other mentally handicapped subjects, were categorized as overweight and obese, compared with 40% of males and 32% females in that category from normal population.
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PMID:Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Down's syndrome and other mentally handicapped adults living in the community. 138 77

Children with Down syndrome have many predisposing factors for the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), yet the type and severity of OSAS in this population has not been characterized. Fifty-three subjects with Down syndrome (mean age 7.4 +/- 1.2 [SE] years; range 2 weeks to 51 years) were studied. Chest wall movement, heart rate, electroculogram, end-tidal PO2 and PCO2, transcutaneous PO2 and PCO2, and arterial oxygen saturation were measured during a daytime nap polysomnogram. Sixteen of these children also underwent overnight polysomnography. Nap polysomnograms were abnormal in 77% of children; 45% had obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), 4% had central apnea, and 6% had mixed apneas; 66% had hypoventilation (end-tidal PCO2 greater than 45 mm Hg) and 32% desaturation (arterial oxygen saturation less than 90%). Overnight studies were abnormal in 100% of children, with OSA in 63%, hypoventilation in 81%, and desaturation in 56%. Nap studies significantly underestimated the presence of abnormalities when compared to overnight polysomnograms. Seventeen (32%) of the children were referred for testing because OSAS was clinically suspected, but there was no clinical suspicion of OSAS in 36 (68%) children. Neither age, obesity, nor the presence of congenital heart disease affected the incidence of OSA, desaturation, or hypoventilation. Polysomnograms improved in all 8 children who underwent tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, but they normalized in only 3. It is concluded that children with Down syndrome frequently in have OSAS, with OSA, hypoxemia, and hypoventilation. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is seen frequently in those children in whom it is not clinically suspected. It is speculated that OSAS may contribute to the unexplained pulmonary hypertension seen in children with Down syndrome.
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PMID:Obstructive sleep apnea in children with Down syndrome. 182 51

The authors reported a case of recurrent dislocation of the patella associated with Down's syndrome. As for treatment, it is important to consider the levels of intelligence and daily activity, severe obesity, and certain internal medical conditions associated with this disease. Primary orthotic treatment is recommended for subluxation or reducible dislocation of the patella.
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PMID:Effective treatment by orthosis of dislocation of the patella associated with Down's syndrome. A report of case. 183 82

Resting metabolic rate and its relation with selected anthropometric measures was determined in 11 male and 7 female noninstitutionalized children with Down syndrome. Dietary analysis was performed to determine the nutritional status of the children and whether poor nutritional habits may be influencing factors in the development of obesity in this population. Resting metabolic rate for the total group was 170.4 +/- 38.65 ml.min-1 (0.17 +/- 0.04 ml.kg-1.min-1). Body weight, height, and surface area were moderately correlated with this rate, with height having the strongest relation. Daily caloric intake was 1,433.84 +/- 255.2 calories, comprising of 16.01 +/- 2.20% protein, 42.18 +/- 7.40% fat, and 40.60 +/- 8.83 carbohydrate. Calcium, potassium, and vitamin C were above and iron and thiamine below the recommended daily allowance.
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PMID:Metabolic rate: a factor in developing obesity in children with Down syndrome? 214 78

A retrospective chart review of forty-nine children with Down's syndrome between the ages of six months and six and a half years seen before 1970 showed that 80 per cent had problems related to food or feeding. An interdisciplinary intervention program utilizing group sessions introduced in 1970 is described. In twenty-one children, most of the nutritional, behavioral, and environmental problems surrounding food previously encountered in children with Down's syndrome were successfully prevented or remedied. The incidence of obesity in Down's syndrome was reduced but not eliminated. Except for parental susceptibility to food faddism, most professional concerns regarding food and eating were non-existent in sixteen of the children reevaluated in a follow-up six years after the intervention program.
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PMID:Feeding children with Down's syndrome. 644 16

We determined retrospectively the frequency and risk of hyperglycemia in 421 children with leukemia who had received L-asparaginase and prednisone as part of their remission induction therapy. Forty-one patients (9.7%) developed this complication, 39 within one week after the first dose of L-asparaginase. Hyperglycemia resolved in all patients and in 32 before the end of the four-week induction period. Age, obesity, and Down syndrome each had a significant bearing on the frequency of hyperglycemia. Children 10 years of age or older were more likely to develop the complication than were younger children. When more than one factor was present in a child, the risk of hyperglycemia increased significantly. A family history of diabetes mellitus also appeared related to an increased risk of hyperglycemia. Childhood leukemia patients with any of the risk factors identified here should be closely monitored for glucosuria while receiving prednisone and L-asparaginase for remission induction.
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PMID:Risk factors for hyperglycemia in children with leukemia receiving L-asparaginase and prednisone. 645 71

Disorders of breathing related to sleep are relatively newly recognized and less than fully understood. This review presents the terminology used to describe them, and describes the physiology of sleep and the control of ventilation, the pathophysiology of breathing disorders during sleep, their various clinical manifestations, current diagnostic techniques, and the treatment modalities available at present. Among the diagnostic approaches discussed are airway fluoroscopy during sleep, pneumography, and polysomnography. Approaches to medical and surgical management of these disorders are reviewed. Speculation regarding the underestimation of the prevalence of these disorders, the male predominance, and their relationship to snoring, coronary artery disease, and hypertension, which also show male predominance, are presented. Also suggested is a relationship of sleep apnea, obesity, and mental retardation in childhood-onset or congenital disorders such as Down's syndrome and Prader-Willi syndrome, and in other endocrine dysfunction diseases.
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PMID:Sleep-related breathing disorders. 702 76

Children with Down syndrome (DS) have a high prevalence of obesity. To investigate the relation between energy expenditure and obesity, we measured body composition, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and total energy expenditure in 13 prepubescent children with DS and in 10 control subjects matched for age, weight, and percentage of fat, using indirect calorimetry and the doubly labeled water method. Measurement of RMR was complicated by excessive movement by both the DS and control subjects. We therefore developed a method of subtracting the energy expended in movement and calculated the corrected RMR. The corrected RMR was significantly lower in those with DS than in control subjects when expressed as a percentage of the basal metabolic rate, predicted by the World Health Organization: 79.5% +/- 10.4% and 96.8% +/- 7.8%, respectively (p < 0.001). No significant differences were detected in total daily energy expenditure or non-RMR expenditure between the subject groups. In the DS group, 60% of the variability in fat mass could be accounted for by non-RMR expenditure expressed per kilogram of body weight (p < 0.02). No relation was detected between fat mass and non-RMR expenditure in control subjects, nor were any measures of energy expenditure predictive of changes in fatness among the subjects with DS during a 1-year follow-up. The results of this study indicate that prepubescent children with DS have decreased RMR compared with control children.
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PMID:Energy expenditure in children with Down syndrome: correcting metabolic rate for movement. 796 44


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