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 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pattern of insulin response to oral glucose over a wide range of glucose tolerance has been studied in two separate ethnic groups--Polynesians and Micronesians. Fasting insulin concentrations were relatively unchanged over the entire range of glucose tolerance in both populations, irrespective of whether comparable lean or obese samples of both groups were studied. The patterns of 2-h plasma insulins were similar over the whole range of glucose tolerance in Polynesians and Micronesians. However, in the comparisons of all subjects, or lean or obese groups of these populations, the plasma insulin concentrations of the Micronesians were both consistently and significantly higher. As the data analysis was arranged to take into account groups with identical 2-h plasma glucose concentrations and comparable degrees of obesity, the differences cannot be attributed to differences in the glucose levels or in obesity. In the presence of similar fasting insulin concentrations, these findings imply an ethnic variability in the pancreatic beta-cell response to oral glucose.
Diabetes 1979 Jul
PMID:Ethnic variability in the plasma insulin response to oral glucose in Polynesian and Micronesian subjects. 44 19

Restudy of 306 "new immigrant Yemenite" Jews, an ethnic group in which, upon their arrival in Israel, no diabetes was detected, revealed, 25 yr after their immigration, an increased incidence of diabetes and higher plasma and lipoprotein-lipid levels. The prevalence of diabetes (defined as "glucose intolerance") rose to 11.8% (13.2% males and 9.7% females). Obesity in females resulted in increased prevalence of diabetes in all age groups, while in males it affected the older age group only. The male/female diabetic ratio was affected by weight status--in the underweight, diabetes was more prevalent in males, in the overweight, the rate of diabetes in females equaled that of males. In nondiabetics (those with normal glucose tolerance), neither the glucose tolerance nor the insulin response deteriorated with aging. Most diabetics had a delayed insulin response. However, about 50% of nondiabetics and diabetics had insulin response peak at 60 min and similar insulin levels. It appears that in newly discovered adult-onset diabetics in this population there is no shortage of insulin, but rather shortage of insulin action. In nondiabetics, the levels of plasma cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) were higher than levels upon their arrival. In diabetics, the plasma TG, cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol levels were higher when compared to those of nondiabetics, especially in the group of overweight males. Hyperlipoproteinemia was diagnosed in 27.7% of diabetics and 11.0% of nondiabetics. In diabetics, the HDL/LDL cholesterol ratio was found to be reduced, significantly so in overweight diabetics.
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PMID:Diabetes, blood lipids, lipoproteins, and change of environment: restudy of the "new immigrant Yemenites" in Israel. 44 7

We have studied the interrelationship of total body fat mass, carbohydrate tolerance and IRI response in 17 non-obese and obese subjects, who were suspected of having early diabetes. We carried out an i.v. glucose infusion test consisting of a priming injection of 0.33 g/kg followed by constant glucose infusion of 12 mg/kg/min in all persons. Total body fat mass was estimated by the tritium dilution method. There was a positive correlation of body fat mass, fasting glucose concentration and blood glucose concentration at 150 min as well as a strong correlation between body fat mass and BG area 60--120 min as parameters of carbohydrate tolerance in all subjects, i.e. the degree of carbohyrate intolerance was directly related to the quantity of total body fat mass. A similar correlation was found when the non-obese and obese groups were analyzed separately. In neither group did total body fat mass correlate with parameters of IRI response. In obese subjects with pathological carbohydrate tolerance, however, a positive correlation of basal IRI concentration and total body fat mass was found. Furthermore, a close relation between basal IRI level and parameters of carbohydrate tolerance could be demonstrated in obese subjects. The present study failed to demonstrate any correlation of parameters of carbohydrate tolerance and glucose-induced IRI response in either group. Thus, the significant relationship between body fat mass and degree of carbohydrate intolerance indicates that body fat mass plays an important role in the disturbance of blood glucose homeostasis in early diabetes with and without obesity.
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PMID:Relationship between body fat mass, carbohydrate tolerance and IRI response during glucose infusion in subjects with early diabetes. 45 21

Follow-up of 25 cases of pancreatitis in childhood ascertained from the Hospital Activity Analysis in Newcastle and Wales showed that the majority of the children thrived after their illness. Only one child died. Only 2 children developed diabetes mellitus and 3 had significant malabsorption. There were 13 idiopathic cases (9 acute, 4 chronic relapsing), 3 of which were obese girls of pubertal age. It is speculated that obesity, puberty and female sex together may predispose to acute pancreatitis.
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PMID:Pancreatitis in childhood. 46 Dec 79

In 196 patients with angina pectoris selective coronary angiography was performed, and the extent of angiographically proven coronary artery stenoses was described by means of a coronary score. A significant correlation between the degree of atherosclerotic lesions on the one hand and hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia as well as smoking habits on the other hand was detected. No correlation between other risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperuricemia and obesity, and the coronary score was observed.
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PMID:[Coronary risk factors and extent of angiographically proven coronary artery stenoses (author's transl)]. 46 94

A low incidence of infection in abdominal wounds after contaminated, infected, and selected clean-contaminated operations was achieved after delayed wound closure of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. An effective method of delayed primary closure is described. Four days of open wound management with Xeroform gauze between the skin and subcutaneous tissue is followed on the 5th day be removal of the Xerform and skin approximation with Steri-Strips. Proper use of this technique is based upon appropriate assessment of wound contamination and infection risk factors. All contaminated and infected wounds are best managed with delayed primary closure and, when not possible, with healing by secondary intention. Delayed primary closure should be applied to clean-contaminated wounds if the patients are older than 60 years or have associated diabetes mellitus, malnutrition, or obesity.
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PMID:Reduction of infection rates in abdominal incisions by delayed wound closure techniques. 46 8

The contribution of the adrenal gland to the development of the spontaneous syndrome of obesity and diabetes in Yellow-KK (Y-KK) mice was studied. Six-month old Y-KK mice exhibited hyperadrenocorticism and adrenal cortex enlargement. Light microscopic morphometric studies of Y-KK adrenals revealed an expanded volume of the adrenal cortex resulting from hyperplasia of zona fasciculata and reticularis cells. Ultrastructural studies revealed fewer lipid droplets, increased numbers of mitochondria and a more extensively developed Golgi system with zona fasciculata and reticularis cells. This cytological evidence of enhanced steroid biosynthetic and secretory activity was consistent with increased levels of plasma immunoreactive corticosterone. Structural and functional abnormalities of Y-KK adrenals were preceded by the development of obesity, hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia. It is unlikely, therefore, that the adrenal plays a casual role in the syndrome's pathogenesis, although, hyperadrenocorticism may be in part responsible for an exacerbation of the observed phenomena.
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PMID:Adrenal gland involvement in mice with hereditary obesity and diabetes mellitus. Morphological studies. 46 49

Duodenal bile from 27 diabetes was compared with samples from healthy subjects matched for age, sex, and body mass index. Cholesterol saturation and the molar percentages of bile acids, phospholipids, and cholesterol were not significantly different. Most bile samples were supersaturated in both groups. The maturity onset diabetics who were almost all obese had more saturated bile than the slimmer juvenile onset patients. Body fatness and plasma triglyceride levels were both positively correlated with the cholesterol saturation of bile in the controls but not in the diabetics. Bile was less concentrated in female diabetics than in controls, which is consistent with impaired gallbladder emptying. It is possible that the increased prevalence of gallstones in diabetics is due not so much to diabetes itself as to the frequently associated obesity.
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PMID:Lipid composition of bile in diabetics and obesity-matched controls. 46 79

A 46 year old woman who used oral contraceptives (OCs) for 10 years developed severe arteriosclerosis of the base of the brain and renally fixed hypertension. She subsequently died of cerebral hemorrhage. The relationship between o.c. use and hypertension is discussed. A thorough family and personal anamnesis must be taken for women who want to use o.c.s; hypertension, kidney ailments, obesity, or diabetes mellitus require particular attention. Blood pressure should be checked for the first 3 months of o.c. use and every 6 months thereafter. Weight gain during o.c. use may serve as a warning symptom. Hypertension or several other difficulties require discontinuation of o.c. use to determine whether they may be caused by o.c.s.
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PMID:[The problem of hypertension and ovulation inhibitors]. 47 16

Our experience with 101 consecutive T.H.A.'s in 91 patients was examined in an attempt to identify preoperative risk factors for postoperative medical complications, especially pulmonary embolism and thrombophlebitis. Six per cent of patients developed postoperative clinical thrombophlebitis, and 8% a pulmonary embolism. Advancing age and previous venous thrombosis served as predictors for pulmonary embolism and thrombophlebitis, respectively (p less than 0.01), but obesity, venous varicosities, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, previous pulmonary embolism, and length of surgery did not, for either. Fifty per cent of the patients with preoperative abnormal kidney function developed some form of medical complication postoperatively, a significant increase in risk (p less than 0.05) over patients with normal kidney function. We were unable to identify an increase in postoperative atelectasis or pneumonia associated with smoking or obesity in these patients. No consistent decrease in post-operative medical morbidity could be assigned to preoperative medical consultations, suggesting that we have not yet identified all significant risk factors. A thorough preoperative preparation and improvement in intra- and postoperative techniques and management may account for differences found in this study from traditionally held risk factors.
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PMID:Risk factor assessment in 101 total hip arthroplasties: a medical perspective. 47 24


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