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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The lipoprotein-lipase activity (LPLA) in the abdominal, subcutaneous, adipose tissue was studied in a random sample (n = 69) of 60-year-old men. A new method for the quantification of LPLA was applied. The mean value was 67 mU/g when expressed per gram (wet weight) of adipose tissue. Several subjects within the lower part of the range of adipose-tissue LPLA values had low concentrations of serum-triglycerides (S-TG). There was no correlation between the LPLA and S-TG concentrations in the fasting state. Among the 69 subjects, four had newly detected diabetes mellitus and had significantly lower LPLA in the adipose tissue than the control group. The fat-cell size and the LPLA per gram of adipose tissue were not correlated. Thus, obesity without diabetes mellitus does not imply a low LPLA concentration in adipose tissue. The variation of the concentration of adipose-tissue LPLA in the fasting state in this population was explained only to a minor extent by the variation of S-insulin and blood-glucose parameters, when analysed statistically by a stepwise multiple-regression technique.
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PMID:Lipoprotein-lipase activity in subcutaneous, adipose tissue in healthy subjects: variation of activity in a population of 60-year-old men. 3 Jan 95

Post-operative infection is often due to a combination of several factors. A decrease in immune defence processes represents the first factor. This is seen in situations such as malnutrition (undernourishment or obesity), alcoholism, diabetes, neoplasms, infections and old age. It may also be induced by therapy such as immunodepressants, antimitotic chemotherapy, corticosteroids and radiotherapy. Finally, certain antibiotics have been accused of reducing immune defences. The second factor responsible for infection is bacterial flora. Errors such as broad spectrum antibiotic therapy prescribed in the presence of unexplored fever, or changed repeatedly, are responsible for imbalance in the bacterial flora and the acquisition of resistance to antibiotics. These errors firstly increased the prevalence of infections and, secondly their severity and the difficulty of their treatment. The last factor responsible for infection is rupture of the natural barriers formed by the skin and mucosae. This is related on the one hand to surgery itself and, secondly, to the intensive care techniques surrounding the surgical act: venous catheterization above all, but also bladder catheterization, tracheal intubation, etc.
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PMID:[Factors responsible for post-operative infection]. 4 67

The body cholesterol pool increases with decreasing plasma-high-density-lipoprotein (H.D.L.) but is unrelated to the plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and other lipoproteins. This finding supports existing evidence that H.D.L. facilitates the uptake of cholesterol from peripheral tissues and its transport to the liver for catabolism and excretion. Plasma-H.D.L., is reduced in several conditions associated with an increased risk of future ischaemic heart-disease (I.H.D.), namely hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaimia, male sex, obesity, and diabetes mellitus, while subjects with existing clinical I.H.D. have lower levels of H.D.L. than healthy subjects within the same community. It is proposed that a reduction of plasma-H.D.L. concentration may accelerate the development of atherosclerosis, and hence I.H.D., by impairing the clearance of cholesterol from the arterial wall.
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PMID:Plasma-high-density-lipoprotein concentration and development of ischaemic heart-disease. 4 38

Oral glucose-tolerance test (O.G.T.T.) plasma sugar and insulin levels were measured in 118 newly diagnosed maturity-onset diabetic patients before and after treatment with diet alone for periods of 2 and 6 months. The results of glucose-tolerance tests carried out during treatment could be predicted from the initial test and the weight reduction between the tests. This prediction was not improved by the addition of further variables, including age, obesity, and plasma-insulin levels during the first test. The change in O.C.T.T. plasma-insulin between the first and second tests was predicted by the result of the initial tests, the improvement of glucose tolerance between the two tests, and the degree of weight reduction. 95% of the group achieved some improvement of glucose tolerance after 2 months of dietary treatment, and 59% of the group achieved adequate diabetic control by this time. It is concluded that treatment with diet alone should be the first-line management for patients with newly diagnosed maturity-onset diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Influence of treatment with diet alone on oral glucose-tolerance test and plasma sugar and insulin levels in patients with maturity-onset diabetes mellitus. 4 96

Examination of the fibrinolytic system of 221 diabetics with varying grades of under- and overweight revealed not only an elevated fibrinogen level and a significantly decreases spontaneous and stimulated fibrinolytic activity in obesity, but also a highly significantly decreased activity of plasminogen activator of the vessel walls in these patients. Similar, but less marked, changes were found in obese non-diabetics. Thes changes imply a decreased ability to remove fibrin deposits within the lumina of small and large vessels and thus an increased risk of thrombosis, and they may be closely related to the high frequency of late complications in diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Effect of obesity on endogenous fibrinolytic activity in diabetes mellitus. 5 14

Diabetes is an endocrine deficiency disease, a logical treatment of which is hormone replacement therapy. Many patients who are thought to be controlled by diet alone continue to have high plasma-glucose levels. As the rise in the basal plasma glucose concentration is the predominant glucose abnormality of diabetes, treatment should be aimed primarily at producing basal normoglycaemia. 18 mild, maturity onset diabetics have been treated with a basal insulin supplement provided by single daily injections of insulin zinc suspension (crystalline) 'Ultralente'. Overnight basal normoglycaemia has been obtained with markedly reduced plasma-glucose levels during the day. Plama-triglyceride levels have become normal in most patients. The required insulin dose need not be determined empirically, but can be calculated from the basal plasma-glucose level and the degree of obesity. There is minimum risk of hypoglycaemia, and rigid dietary restriction is unnecessary. As mild diabetics are prone to complications, treatment with basal insulin supplements may be beneficial when diet alone fails to produce basal normoglycaemia.
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PMID:Diabetes: The quest for basal normoglycaemia. 6 73

A case of bisalbuminemia of slow type was discovered in a 41 year old woman with obesity, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. This abnormality was discovered in six other members of the family and was thus hereditary. After a description of the laboratory tests used, the various forms of bisalbuminemia are described together with the circumstances of onset of the acquired forms, the biochemical and metabolic characteristics of the hereditary forms and their mode of transmission. Bisalbumin is present in all races. The mother of our case was of Italian origin, which permitted us to classify this case with others of Italian origin.
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PMID:[Hereditary bisalbuminemia. Study of a new familial case in France (author's transl)]. 8 Jan 45

The sera of 160 diabetics who were well controlled by oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHA) for at least three months after diagnosis were tested for pancreatic islet cell antibodies (ICAb) either at diagnosis or within two years after diagnosis. 129 were non-obese at diagnosis and of these ICAb was detected in the sera in 20 (16%). 31 were obese at diagnosis and of these ICAb was detected in the sera in three (10%). All of the 160 diabetics were insulin independent at the time of testing the serum for ICAb. The presence of ICAb was associated with a high probability of becoming insulin dependent, calculated from actuarial statistics. 86% of ICAb positive patients initially controlled on OHA may be expected to be insulin dependent at five years from diagnosis as compared to 18% of ICAb negative patients. Obesity at diagnosis did not significantly affect the probability of becoming insulin dependent. ICAb positive diabetes controlled by OHA can be regarded as a less severe form of insulin-dependent (Type I) diabetes.
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PMID:The value of islet cell antibody in predicting secondary failure of oral hypoglycaemic agent therapy in Diabetes mellitus. 9 2

The present experiments have tested the hypothesis that ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesions enhance insulin secretion by neural mechanisms. Rats were made diabetic by injecting streptozotocin to destroy their own pancreatic beta-cells. Subsequently, transplants of fetal pancreatic tissue were placed under the renal capsule. VMH lesions were placed in rats whose diabetes was cured with transplants as well as sham-transplanted animals. The animals were followed for 4 wk. The lesioned rats with pancreatic transplants gained no more weight than the sham-operated controls. There was no significant rise in insulin in the transplanted rats after VMH lesioning, but the VMH lesioned rats with intact pancreatic tissue showed the expected rise in insulin. Food intake rose 71% in the VMH lesioned rats with intact beta-cells, but only 23% in the VMH lesioned rats with transplants. Hypertrophy of the pancreatic islets was also observed in the VMH lesioned rats with an intact pancreas, but was not found in the VMH lesioned rats with a transplanted pancreas. Thus, transplantation of pancreatic tissue beneath the renal capsule of diabetic rats prevented the characteristic hyperphagia, hyperinsulinemia, and obesity in VMH lesioned rats whose pancreas was free from intact innervation. The results support the hypothesis that neural mediation of the rise in insulin is the primary factor in the development of hypothalamic obesity.
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PMID:Transplantation of pancreatic beta-cells prevents development of hypothalamic obesity in rats. 10 13

The authors analyzed the effects of obesity/non-obesity in 162 epidoses of severe metabolic disturbances. Ketoacidosis and hypoglycaemics comas were more frequent in the non-obese group of diabetics, who were often insulin treated; whereas hyperosmolar coma and lactic acidosis were frequent in the obese group of diabetics, usually not treated with insulin. In the obese group both advanced age as well as a higher frequency of degenerative complications impaired the prognosis of these metabolic accidents. However the mortality rate was not significantly different in the two groups of patients. Despite the importance of the weight balance in the natural history of diabetes mellitus, it did not seem to influence the clinical aspects nor did it modify the therapeutic management of the major metabolic disturbances which occur in diabetes.
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PMID:[Major metabolic disturbances occur in diabetic patients whether they are obese or not (author's transl)]. 11 Dec 20


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