Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Obesity is variably considered to be a major contributor to hypertension and hyperlipidemia, and its treatment is recommended in the management of coronary heart disease. Total body fat was measured by tritium dilution in a large male population and its relationship to age, blood pressure, serum lipids, uric acid and the diagnoses of coronary heart disease, hypertension and glucose intolerance was examined. In addition, three commonly used weight: height indices of obesity were correlated with each of these parameters. The correlation of body fat with blood pressure, serum cholesterol and triglycerides, although statistically significant, was of only small magnitude. Mean levels of body fat were not significantly different between patients with coronary disease and control subjects, whereas serum cholesterol and, to a lesser extent, systolic blood pressure were potent risk factors for the disease. It is concluded that obesity is only a minor determinant of blood pressure and lipid level, and that its contribution to coronary heart disease is small or nonexistent.
 ...
PMID:Body fat: its relationship to coronary heart disease, blood pressure, lipids and other risk factors measured in a large male population. 100 68

A survey if 298 adolescents was carried out by questionnaire, medical examination, anthropometric and biochemical methods, to determine the prevalence of risk factors for coronary heart disease particularly those that might explain the known difference in atherosclerotic mortality between European and Maori women. Data on blood pressure, obesity and serum lipids are presented here, and are discussed together with smoking and serum uric acid. Obesity, hypertriglyceridaemia, smoking and hyperuricaemia all contributed to a higher coronary risk status for Maori subjects.
 ...
PMID:Coronary risk factors in New Zealand Maori and European adolescents: The Rotoua Lakes Study 2. 106 87

TAKING INTO ACCOUNT AGE, SEX, GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION, OBESITY, AND ASSOCIATED CAUSE OF DEATH, IT WAS CONCLUDED THAT: (1) the extent of aortic calcification was much lower in cerebral haemorrhage than in cerebral infarct. In deaths due to cerebral haemorrhage aortic calcification was at about the same level as in those due to cancer of the stomach, while in deaths due to cerebral infarct it was at the same level as in those due to coronary heart disease; (2) the prevalence of large myocardial scar was low in deaths due to cerebral haemorrhage (at about the same level as in those due to prostatic cancer), while in deaths due to cerebral infarct it was more frequent (at the same level as in deaths due to diabetes); (3) the extent of coronary calcification and prevalence of coronary stenosis and fresh myocardial infarction were low in the cerebral haemorrhage and cerebral infarct deaths, but a little lower in the former; and (4) the extent of raised lesions of the aorta and coronary arteries was similar in the cerebral haemorrhage and cerebral infarct deaths, the level of aortic lesions being high and overlapping in level with those in the coronary heart disease and hypertensive deaths, and the levels of coronary lesions being much lower and well below those in the coronary and diabetic hypertensive deaths.
 ...
PMID:Atherosclerosis and myocardial lesions in subjects dying from fresh cerebrovascular disease. 108 1

The relative extent of raised and calcified coronary aortic lesions, prevalence of coronary stenosis and of fresh and old myocardial infarction, and mean heart weight were expressed on a continuous scale for 4 disease groups (coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction/haemorrhage, hypertension/diabetes, cancer). Within these groups the relative position for each of the lesions was calculated by subgroups of disease in order to show the elevating or depressing effect of hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and combinations of disease. The strength of association between 33 factors (town 5, disease 24, obesity, heart weight, age, and sex) and the lesions was calculated. An analysis of variance was carried out and the proportion of the variance of the different lesions accounted for by town, disease, etc., is shown. The extent of raised aortic lesions is strongly associated with age and hypertension. It is positively associated with coronary heart disease and inversely associated with cancer. Town factors have a small positive association which is larger than that due to obesity. 33 factors taken together account for 50% of the variance. Age alone accounts for 37% and sex for only 0.3%. The extent of calcified aortic lesion is strongly associated with age, town, hypertension, coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus. It is inversely associated with cancer, more strongly in cancer of the bronchus and the liver than in other cancers. It is inversely associated with obesity. 33 factors together account for 30% of the variance and age alone accounts for about 13%. The extent of raised coronary lesions is strongly associated with age, coronary heart disease, sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity. It is inversely associated with cancer, more strongly in cancer of the prostate and the liver than in other cancers. Town factors have a small association. 33 factors taken together account for about 43% of the variance. Age alone accounts for 25%. The extent of calcified coronary lesions is associated with coronary heart disease and age. There is a low association with hypertension and diabetes, an inverse association with cancer, and a low inverse association with obesity. 33 factors together account for 20% of the variance. Coronary heart disease alone accounts for 12% and age alone accounts for 8%. The prevalence of coronary stenosis is strongly associated with coronary heart disease, age, and sex. There is a small association with town factors, obesity, and hypertension, and an inverse association with cancer. All the factors together account for about 30% of the variance. Coronary heart disease alone accounts for 23% and age 10%.
 ...
PMID:Aortic, coronary, and myocardial lesions in relation to various factors. 108 2

The frequency of coronary risk factors was documented in 4,829 school children in Muscatine, Iowa, over a 14-month period of time. Serum cholesterol levels were similar for children at all ages; the mean serum cholesterol level was 182 mg/dl (SD lus or minus 29). Twenty four percent had levels larger than or equal to 200 mg/dl, 9% were larger than or equal to 220 mg/dl, 3 % were larger than or equal to 240 mg/dl, and 1% were larger than or equal to 260 mg/dl. Casual levels of serum triglyceride increased with age: the mean level was 71 mg/dl (SD plus or minus 36) at age 6 years and 108 mg/dl (SD plus or minus 45) at age 18 years. Only 15% of the children had serum triglyceride levels of 140 mg/dl or more. Blood pressure increased strikingly with age. No child between 6 and 9 years of age had blood pressures larger than or equal to 140 mm Hg systolic or larger than or equal to 90 mm Hg diastolic. In the age group 14 to 18 years, 8.9% had systolic blood pressures larger than or equal to 140 mm Hg, 12.2% had diastolic blood pressures larger than or equal to 90 mm Hg, and in 4.4% both pressures were at or above these levels. Obesity also increased through the school years. At ages 6 to 9 years, 20% had weights relative to those of the group as a whole of larger than or equal to 110%, and 5% were larger than or equal to 130%; in the 14 to 18 years age group, 25% had relative weights of larger than or equal to 110%, and 8% were larger than or equal to 130%. These data indicate that a considerable number of school-age children have risk factors which in adults are predictive of coronary heart disease.
 ...
PMID:Coronary heart disease risk factors in school children: the Muscatine study. 113 50

Blood glucose, free fatty acid and insulin responses to oral glucose and the fasting serum lipids were measured in 3 groups: 32 non-obese (mean age: 47.5 years) and 9 obese (mean age: 84.5 years), male patients with coronary heart disease and 12 non-obese male controls (mean age: 46.5 years). The oral glucose tolerance tests were repeated after 3 years in 16 of the non-obese patients with coronary heart disease. The results were as follows: 1) Glucose tolerance was impaired in 19 of 32 non-obese patients (59.4%). There was a significant correlation between impaired glucose tolerance and hyperlipidemia (hypercholesterolemia and/or hypertriglyceridemia). 2) In obese patients FFA levels at 30, 60, and 120 min after oral glucose administration were significantly elevated and FFA decrease was delayed with a drop to minimum levels at 180 min. 3) The insulin response after oral glucose administration in the group of non-obese patients with normal glucose tolerance was similar to that of non-obese controls. In the group of non-obese patients with impaired glucose tolerance, serum insulin levels went up to normal levels, but the peak was delayed. The serum insulin levels in obese patients were significantly higher than those of controls of 0, 60, 120, and 180 min. After 3 years the change in insulin response to oral glucose was not related to anginal symptoms or ECG findings, but was related to body weight change in patients with minor changes in glucose tolerance. 4) The metabolic pattern in the non-obese group with impaired glucose tolerance resembled that of "mild diabetes" in delayed response of insulin and FFA, and mild hyperlipidemia. These findings suggest that obesity may contribute to hyperinsulinemia in patients with coronary heart disease and that impaired glucose tolerance observed in patients with coronary heart disease is in part due to "latent diabetes".
 ...
PMID:Glucose tolerance, serum insulin and lipid abnormalities in patients with coronary heart disease. 118 89

Coronary- and LV-angiography in coronary heart disease are indicated I) to clarify whether or not surgery is required (e.g. aorto-coronary-bypass operation, aneurysmectomy) in 1) drug resistent angina pectoris, 2) myocardial aneurysms (or the suspicion of), 3) VSD following myocardial infarction and/or 4) as preoperative investigations in mitral regurgitation or 5) other valve lesions. II) These investigations are furthermore indicated in the under-50-yr.-old considering their prognosis and diagnosis 1) following myocardial infarction 2) to clarify a pathological exercise test with or without angina pectoris 3) in the differential diagnosis of myocardial diseases and 4) occasionally in patients with a number of risk factors or exposed to particular occupational hazards or from families with a high incidence of early deaths from heart disease. Coronary- and LV-angiography are contraindicated in 1) generalized stenosing atherosclerosis, 2) acute myocardial infarction, 3) failure from other organ-systems (e.g. kidney), 4) drug resistent endogenous risk factors and/or relevant obesity, 5) biological age over 60-65.6) continued nicotine dependence. In many cases the specific diagnostic investigations will include the assessment of coronary flow at rest and during maximal drug induced coronary dilatation. This enables us to estimate the coronary reserve and to diagnose coronary insufficiency in patients with normal coronary angiograms.- Instructive morphological and/or functional results illustrate this presentation.
 ...
PMID:[Indications for coronary arteriography and left ventriculography in coronary heart disease (author's transl)]. 125 Nov 19

Coronary heart disease is the most frequent cause of death in Western, industrialized countries. Coronary risk factors are prevalent in such countries and sometimes combine to constitute the so-called syndrome X--hypertension, central obesity, serum lipid and clotting disturbances, and insulin resistance. beta-Blockers, unlike calcium antagonists, have proved highly effective in secondary prevention of myocardial infarction. If present at the time of the myocardial infarction, beta-blockers (unlike calcium antagonists and diuretics) probably decrease mortality 1 month later. Early intervention (within 12 h) of chest pain with intravenous beta-blockers results in a 15% reduction in cardiovascular mortality at 1 week. Later intervention (3-28 days) with oral non-ISA beta-blockers results in a 30% reduction in mortality after 1 year; ISA-containing beta-blockers are probably less effective (less decrease in heart rate). Hydrophilicity/lipophilicity of beta-blockers is unimportant in terms of decreased mortality. Primary prevention of myocardial infarction, unlike stroke, in hypertensive patients has been disappointing, possibly due to treatment-induced biochemical/lipid changes or inappropriate lowering of diastolic blood pressure in high-risk subjects (J-curve effect). beta-Blockers should be first-line therapy for hypertensive patients up to the age of 65 years, particularly men (and nonsmokers) as Q-wave myocardial infarction is significantly decreased by beta-blockers and significantly increased by diuretics. However, in elderly hypertensive subjects, beta-blockers have not significantly decreased myocardial infarction (unlike stroke), whereas diuretics have. The effects of beta-blockers and diuretics on heart size (and thus coronary flow reserve) in the elderly may be important. Thus, beta-blockers should be second-line therapy for the elderly hypertensive individual but first-line if overt ischemia (e.g., angina or recent myocardial infarction) also is present. In patients with angina but normal blood pressure, beta-blockers tend to decrease and calcium antagonists increase cardiovascular events. Thus, beta-blockers are highly effective agents in the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction and are moderately effective in primary prevention of myocardial infarction in hypertensive patients (particularly men) under the age of 65 years.
 ...
PMID:Beta-blockers: primary and secondary prevention. 128 45

We have retrospectively studied 814 diabetic outpatients, 407 hypertensives and 407 normotensives. The aim of the study was to investigate on possible associations between macroangiopathic complications (coronary heart disease, peripheral and cerebral arteriopathy) and well recognized risk factors for atherosclerosis. Macroangiopathy was present in 27% of males and 24% of females (p = NS), and in 32% of hypertensives and 18% of normotensives (p < 0.0001). Macroangiopathy associated, in both sexes, with age and duration of diabetes, but did not correlate, instead, with metabolic control, obesity, serum cholesterol and triglycerides. High triglyceride levels were associated strictly with arterial hypertension, in both sexes, but are more elevated in men. Risk factors for atherosclerosis seem not to be simply considered in the same way in diabetic and non diabetic populations.
 ...
PMID:[Arterial hypertension and macroangiopathic complications in a group of diabetic out-patients]. 130 Apr 64

In this descriptive study the perceptions and practices of community residents concerning three risk factors associated with coronary heart disease (obesity, inactivity, and stress) and their prevalence were assessed. One thousand questionnaires were randomly mailed to residents of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada with a response rate of 48.1%. The results suggest that all three risk factors under study could be contributing to the significantly higher mortality rates in Thunder Bay due to coronary heart disease (when compared to provincial norms). Programs should be developed in the community under study to promote awareness of cardiac risk factors and strategies developed to reduce these risk factors.
 ...
PMID:Modifiable cardiac risk factors of obesity, inactivity, and stress: a community survey. 130 Oct 77


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>