Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two female adolescents, 16 and 18 years of age respectively, had to be operated for gallstone pancreatitis. They represented 2.2% of all patients with this disorder, admitted from 1978 to 1987 in our department. In one patient cholelithiasis was associated with obesity, in the other there was a positive family history of gallstones. Congenital anomalies of the biliary tract, hemolytic disorders, early pregnancy and other predisposing factors were absent. Although unfrequent, gallstone pancreatitis is a serious cause of acute abdominal distress in adolescents which can lead to severe morbidity. Adequate biliary tract surgery is curative.
 ...
PMID:Gallstone pancreatitis in adolescents. 322 79

The Walnut Creek Contraceptive Drug Study which began in 1968 and ended in 1972, monitored 16,638 women as part of a multiphasic health checkup and collected information on oral contraceptive (OC) use; smoking, alcohol use; other habits, and family and medical histories. The number of women years was determined in each age and weight category. The rates of gallbladder disease were similarly calculated. The Cox proportional hazards model was utilized as implemented in the multivariate life table analyses. In addition, Quetelet's body mass index as a measure of obesity was applied. 16,240 women had an intact gallbladder; of these 432 were hospitalized with diagnosis of gallbladder disease. The diagnosis was confirmed in 423 women: 98% had cholelithiasis accompanied by pathologic evidence of cholecystitis. The gallbladder disease rate increased with age, with body mass index, and it was dramatically higher in women in the highest quintile of Quetelet's body mass index than in other quintiles at all ages. A nonlinear association of cholecystectomy with obesity persisted. At least 500,000 cholecystectomies are carried out in the US annually, and the risk is much higher in women in the uppermost quintile, thus it is reasonable to suggest that preventive efforts should focus on this group.
 ...
PMID:Obesity and cholecystectomy among women: implications for prevention. 322 28

The relationships of gallstones and the postcholecystectomy state with serum total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, glucose tolerance, and obesity were examined in male officials of the Self-Defense Forces in northern Kyushu, Japan. The study population had rather low rates of gallstones (2%) and prior cholecystectomy (3%). A strong relationship between obesity and gallstones was confirmed. Glucose intolerance was associated with the risk of gallstones independent of obesity. No relation between gallstones and either serum total cholesterol or triglycerides after adjustment for obesity and glucose tolerance was evident. However, the serum concentration of total cholesterol among men having had a cholecystectomy was less than that of those without gallstones.
 ...
PMID:Gallstones, serum lipids, and glucose tolerance among male officials of Self-Defense Forces in Japan. 325 21

The average incidence of gallstones in european countries is about 25%. Excessive secretion of cholesterol into the bile can predispose to saturation and gallstone-formation. Obesity, overnutrition, diets rich in refined carbohydrates, diets high in cholesterol intake and poor in dietary fibre, lipid lowering drugs, age and female sex hormones are recognized causing increased cholesterol secretion into the bile. These metabolic consequences may predispose to a higher incidence of cholesterol gallstone than in normal persons. Taking all the results of the literature together patients with gallstones should be encouraged to take a low cholesterol, low calorie, low refined carbohydrate and high polyunsaturated fat diet rich in bran und vegetable fibre. Obese patients should reduce their body weight. These dietary recommendations should be given for patients with gallstones during bile acid therapy and after successful dissolution in order to prevent gallstone recurrence.
 ...
PMID:[Dietary modification of bile lipids]. 328 Sep 33

We interviewed 102 women, ages 41-74 years who underwent gallstone surgery between January 1979 and September 1980, and 98 controls selected from the membership files of a large prepaid health care plan in Western Washington, about their past use of certain medications, reproductive history, and physical and demographic characteristics. The risk of gallstone disease among women who used estrogens for at least one year prior to diagnosis of their condition, relative to that of other women, was 1.18 (95% CI: 0.65-2.13). Standardization for the effects of age, race, obesity, parity, thiazide use, and history of high blood pressure did not alter appreciably the estimate of relative risk. Among estrogen users, the duration of use was similar in cases and controls. Our findings suggest that if non-contraceptive estrogen use is a risk factor for gallstone disease (requiring surgery) in women, its effect is very small.
 ...
PMID:Non-contraceptive estrogen use and the risk of gallstone disease in women. 335 41

We investigated the patients who underwent operation for cholelithiasis and the diabetic patients at our clinic in order to determine whether there was a significant relationship between the occurrence of cholesterol gallbladder stone and age, obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and neuropathy. In 647 patients undergoing surgery, cholesterol gallstones were not highly associated with diabetes mellitus or hyperlipidemia, compared with calcium bilirubinate and black stones. Eighty-seven percent of the male operated patients and 88% of the female patients were over 40 years old of age. Of the female patients in whom gallstones were detected at surgery, 36% were obese. We found cholesterol gallbladder stone in 11.5% (males 11%, females 12%) of 208 diabetic patients at our clinic. All of them were over 40 years old. The prevalence of cholesterol gallbladder stones was related to the decrease in motor nerve conduction velocity in the male diabetic patients (p less than 0.05). We observed that method of treatment had no definite effect on the prevalence of gallbladder stones. Fifty-four percent of the diabetic patients was normolipidemic in both sexes. Obesity was present in 64% of the female cholesterol gallbladder stone patients. Our data suggest that age, obesity and poor contraction of the gallbladder could be high risk factors for cholesterol gallstone formation.
 ...
PMID:The relationship between cholelithiasis and diabetes mellitus: discussion of age, obesity, hyperlipidemia and neuropathy. 336 60

Individuals with diabetes mellitus are reported to have a twofold to threefold increase in the incidence of cholesterol gallstones. A frequently cited but unproven pathophysiologic mechanism for this phenomenon is reduced gallbladder muscle function, which results in stasis and allows for cholesterol gallstone crystal formation and gallstone growth. To date, gallbladder motor function has not been investigated in a well-characterized diabetic population. Therefore, using radionuclide cholescintigraphy, gallbladder filling and subsequent emptying produced in response to an infusion of the octapeptide of cholecystokinin in 30 diabetic patients and 20 control individuals were studied. No difference in any parameter used to assess gallbladder filling was demonstrated in the diabetics when compared with controls. In contrast, gallbladder emptying induced with cholecystokinin-octapeptide (20 ng/kg body wt . h) was reduced in diabetics compared with controls (55% +/- 5% vs. 74% +/- 4%, p less than 0.01). The peak emptying rate in the diabetics was also decreased (5.0% +/- 0.5% per minute) compared with the controls (7.0% +/- 0.6% per minute, p less than 0.02). The observed decreased gallbladder emptying found in diabetics was not related to obesity, type of diabetes, diabetic control, or presence or absence of peripheral neuropathy. The most severe impairment of gallbladder emptying occurred, however, in diabetics with an associated autonomic neuropathy. This subgroup demonstrated a significant reduction in the percentage of gallbladder emptying (40% +/- 8% vs. 62% +/- 5%, p less than 0.04) and the peak ejection rate (3.5% +/- 0.5% per minute vs. 5.6% +/- 0.6%, p less than 0.02) compared with the diabetics without autonomic neuropathy.
 ...
PMID:Impairment of gallbladder emptying in diabetes mellitus. 337 12

Gallbladder motility was studied in 18 obese women and in 18 lean females by means of an ultrasonographic method. The fasted and meal-stimulated gallbladder volumes as well as the amount of the ejected bile were significantly larger in the obese when compared to the lean controls. A significant positive correlation was found between the fasted or meal-stimulated gallbladder volume and the body mass as well as the obesity indices (the absolute overweight and body mass index). Moreover, the amount of the ejected bile correlated significantly with the fasted gallbladder volume. The results suggest that altered gallbladder motility should be considered a risk factor accounting for the increased incidence of gallstones in the obese.
 ...
PMID:Gallbladder motor function in obese versus lean females. 337 45

The relation between body mass index and prevalence of 17 chronic diseases or groups of diseases was analysed using data from the 1983 Italian National Health Survey, based on a sample of 72,284 individuals aged 15 or over randomly selected within strata of geographical area, size of place of residence and of household in order to be representative of the whole Italian population. The prevalence of diabetes was directly and strongly related to body weight (age-adjusted relative risk estimates being 1.5 for overweight and 2.7 for obese men compared with normal weight individuals; 1.6 and 2.4 for overweight and obese women). Other conditions directly related to self-reported measures of body weight were hypertension (relative risk = 1.7 for obese men and 1.9 for women), myocardial infarction (relative risk = 1.5 for obese men, 1.6 for women), other heart diseases (relative risk = 1.7 for obese men, 1.5 for women), haemorrhoids or varices (relative risk = 1.2 for obese men, 1.5 for women), cholelithiasis (relative risk = 1.2 for obese men, 1.4 for women), urolithiasis and arthritis. Chronic respiratory disorders showed a U-shaped relation to measures of body weight, since their prevalence was elevated in both under- and over-weight individuals. Anaemias and gastroduodenal ulcer showed an inverse relation to body weight, whereas no association was apparent with allergy, liver cirrhosis, and psychiatric or neurological disorders. Allowance for the two major identified covariates (education and smoking) failed to explain the observed variations between measures of body weight and disease, while separate inspection of various strata of age indicated that for most diseases the elevated risks of obesity were higher in younger and decrease steadily with advancing age. Thus, the results of this national survey indicate that overweight has a widespread and substantial impact not only on mortality but also on morbidity from different chronic conditions.
 ...
PMID:Body weight and the prevalence of chronic diseases. 341 82

The frequency of cholelithiasis in Bulgaria has increased 9 times for the last 15 years. At the same time 40.5% of the patients with cholelithiasis are obese--II-IV degree of obesity. This fact calls for individualization of diet No 5 which in this country is applied to patients with liver and biliary diseases. A variant diet No 5-x for patients with cholelithiasis and abnormal body mass is proposed. This diet keeps the protein and fat components of diet No 5 but reduces the carbohydrates quantity from 346 g to 195-200 g which leads to the reduction of the daily intake of calories from 2369-2450 to 1700. The individualization of diet No 5 and the introduction of diet No 5-x in patients with biliary diseases will ensure a greater prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of the dietetic treatment of patients with cholelithiasis and other biliary diseases combined with various degree of obesity.
 ...
PMID:[The necessity for intragroup individualization of diet No. 5 in hepatobiliary diseases]. 343 56


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>