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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pathology of the liver in 19 cases of malabsorption is reported. Five of these were proven to have adult coeliac disease, in the others that diagnosis was presumed by exclusion of other causes of malabsorption and by the coincidence of other conditions known to be associated with coeliac disease. Of these cases, three had liver changes of chronic hepatitis and two of these were in the proven coeliac group, including a case with cirrhosis and a hepatoma. In addition, less severe liver changes such as portal tract fibrosis and portal tract infiltration by inflammatory cells were present greatly in excess to that of the controls. The reasons for the occurrence of liver damage in coeliac disease are outlined and discussed in relation to the liver disorders associated with jejunoileal bypass used in the treatment of obesity. Possible mechanisms of liver injury in coeliac disease are described.
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PMID:The liver in coeliac disease. 21 Jan 3

There is a need for reeducation of the population, especially in developed countries, as to the value of cereals in the diet. Cereals provide calories and important nutrients to the diet. Refined cereal products and unrefined cereals have certain advantages and disadvantages. With refinement, some nutrients and fiber are removed, but the body is better able to make use of certain nutrients. Essential nutrients are being replaced through fortification to compensate for losses in processing. The high fiber content of unrefined cereal products is believed to aid in the prevention of certain diseases. Special dietary bakery products have been introduced for the treatment of conditions generally exacerbated by standard food items. The increased consumption of cereal products appears warranted as a means of decreasing the saturated fat and cholesterol consumption. Cereals and cereal products have been mentioned in connection with allergies, celiac disease, schizophrenia, obesity, dental caries, cancer, atherosclerosis, goiter, and diverticulosis. This review discusses the possible role of cereals in the prevention or cause of these health problems.
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PMID:The nutritional and physiological impact of cereal products in human nutrition. 33 51

The Nutrition Committee of the Austrian Pediatric Society recommends that weaning foods should be introduced between 4 and 6 months of age, which agrees with the recommendations in the EC and the U.S. Opinion against early introduction of solid foods have focused on concerns about renal solute load, obesity, coeliac disease, and food allergy. On the other hand, when weaning was postponed after 6 months of age, growth faltering in some breastfed infants and iron-deficiency anemia in infants fed non-fortified formulas or cow's milk were observed. Two broad categories--"baby foods" and "cereal-based weaning foods"--are on the market in Austria. "Baby foods" include complete meals sold in jars, soups, desserts and puddings, fruit juices, nectars, and vegetable juices. "Cereal-based weaning foods" are composed of one or more cereals either alone, or with the addition of vegetables, fruits, milk and milk products, egg, or other ingredients. Weaning food labelling should include information if sugars, salt, iron, vitamins minerals and trace elements have been added and if the product is free from gluten, cow's milk and egg protein, and lactose.
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PMID:[The Nutrition Committee of the Austrian Society of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine. Comment on nutrition with solid foods in infancy and early childhood]. 163 82

Hyperactivity of the vagus nerve and hypoactivity of the sympathetic nerves after VMH lesions both cooperatively contribute to the development of VMH obesity, mainly through hyperinsulinemia. Recently it has turned out that we should discriminate the role of the efferent vagus from that of the afferent vagus in the pancreatic hormone secretion. The hepatic branch is the main pathway of afferent fibers in the vagus, while the celiac (pancreatic) branch is the main pathway of efferent fibers. We investigated the role of the afferent and efferent vagus on the development of VMH obesity using the sectioning of the hepatic and celiac branch. Celiac vagotomy decreased insulin secretion and food intake, while hepatic vagotomy did not change them. The results suggested that the efferent vagus plays the main role in the development of VMH obesity, while the role of afferent vagus seems less apparent.
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PMID:Role of the efferent and afferent vagus nerve in the development of ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) obesity. 195 54

This is the first report of obesity in an untreated coeliac patient diagnosed at the age of 5.1 years according to the criteria of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology. Diagnosis of coeliac disease was suspected on the basis of recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and of family history. Gluten-free diet induced evident acceleration of both length and weight velocity and increase of weight excess, apart from resolution of the abdominal symptoms. The present case report demonstrates that obesity in a child does not exclude the diagnosis of coeliac disease.
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PMID:Obesity in a child with untreated coeliac disease. 366 33

Celiac sprue usually results in biochemical and clinical signs of malabsorption, nutrient loss, and resulting growth failure. We report a child with celiac sprue diagnosed at 1 year of age who was initially cachectic but who eventually developed obesity while taking a gluten-containing diet.
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PMID:Obesity in celiac sprue. 374 53

The lesser omentum between the left lobe of the liver and the aorta at the level of the celiac axis harbors the left gastric vein and artery, lymphatics, nerves, and some fatty tissue. In one study, it was found to be thickened in most of 50 children with portal hypertension, but normal values were not established. Lesser omental thickness was measured in 150 children without systemic, liver, or renal disease, and it was found that it did not exceed 1.7 times the diameter of the aorta at the same level. Increased measurements were obtained in children with portal hypertension, obesity, or systemic steroid therapy (by fatty infiltration), preaortic lymphadenopathy, or with transient interposition of the gastric antrum or pancreas between the liver and aorta. In the absence of obesity or lymphadenopathy, a lesser omentum measuring more than 1.7 times the aortic diameter should raise the possibility of portal hypertension.
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PMID:Lesser omental thickness in normal children: baseline for detection of portal hypertension. 389 83

During a 14-month period we used a left-flank, retroperitoneal, retrorenal approach in 23 high-risk patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Fourteen patients underwent suprarenal/celiac cross clamp for juxtarenal/suprarenal AAA and/or associated occlusive disease. Other indications for this approach included diminished cardiac and/or pulmonary reserve, previous extensive abdominal surgery, obesity, and inflammatory AAA. There was only one death (4%) in this high-risk group and minimal operative morbidity. The flexibility afforded by this approach for high aortic exposure allowed expeditious proximal anastomoses with minimal postoperative renal dysfunction. Pulmonary complications, ileus, and pain were reduced and patient mobilization was rapid despite the complex nature of the operative procedures. We believe that this approach offers significant advantages for all cases of AAA but particularly for anatomically complex lesions and medically high-risk patients.
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PMID:Retroperitoneal approach to high-risk abdominal aortic aneurysms. 395 89

The gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is the main hormone of the incretin type acting on the entero-insular axis. It is released after fat, glucose or meal ingestion. The variations of this secretion are described in obesity and in some pancreatic and gastrointestinal diseases: it is increased in maturity onset diabetes mellitus, obesity or duodenal ulcer, variable according to the food taken and the severity of the pancreatic lesion in chronic pancreatitis and cystic fibrosis, normal in insulinoma and decreased in celiac disease. The impaired absorption of the food-stuffs and the defective feed-back regulation of GIP secretion by insulin are the major causes of these variations. To a lesser degree, gastric acid secretion, gastric emptying and vagal control may also influence GIP secretion.
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PMID:Clinical aspects of GIP secretion. 628 Apr 23

Growth hormone (GH) and somatomedin (Sm) are the main factors of human growth. Sm is GH-dependent, but Sm increase after hGH injection in hypopituitary dwarfs is slow, and preceded by a decrease. The liver and kidneys are the main places of Sm production in vivo, the liver having probably also a regulatory effect. In vitro, GH-dependent production of Sm may be obtained from fibroblasts as well as from liver cells. Sm activates thymidine uptake by cultured human fibroblasts and by activated human lymphocytes, this effect needing cofactors from serum. Discrepant correlations between growth, GH and Sm are found in some pathological situations, such as obesity, craniopharyngioma, celiac disease, infantile malnutrition. Moreover, transferrin, a plasma protein, correlates also with growth.
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PMID:[Relationships between growth, and plasma growth hormone and growth factors under normal physiological conditions and during pathological states (author's transl)]. 701 77


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