Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vulvar neoplasia as seen at the Johns Hopkins Hospital during a 38-year period (1935-1972) is reviewed. Of 1385 tissue specimens, 1053 were benign and 332 were malignant lesions. Of the malignant lesions, 246 were squamous cell carcinoma, both in situ and invasive. Of these, 192 were treated and followed and are reported on. There were 71 cases of in situ and 121 of invasive cancer. Of the patients, 64% were white and 36% were nonwhite, which corresponds to the patient population treated at the hospital. Ages of patients ranged from 21 to 86 years, with a median of 50 years. Of those with invasive cancer, 75% were postmenopausal and none was under the age of 30 years. There was a 29% incidence of nulliparity and a 64% incidence of obesity. Diabetes was noted in 64%. Syphilis was discovered in 26%. These patients had a high risk of being exposed to other venereal infections, particularly herpes which is suspect as a precursor of neoplasia. Vurrucous carcinoma are also likely to be of viral origin. Other malignancies were also present in 20% of patients. There was 1 case of chronic clyphocytic leukemia. Presenting symptoms were a lump, a white patch, pruritus, or bleeding. Pruritus was present in 46%. A leukoplakialike appearance was noted in most of the in situ lesions. Multicentric foci of origin were demonstrated in 35%, mostly in the in situ cases. Of the invasive cancers 60% were well differentiated and 11% were verrucous. Multiple histologic patterns were present in many cases. In 167 patients (67%), the initial treatment was surgical. Postoperative radiation was used in 30% of those with invasive cancer. Local recurrences followed in 22%. In those with multicentric foci the recurrence rate was 48%. 44 patients were known to have died, mostly from other causes. Survival was directly related to the stage of the disease at the time of initial diagnosis and treatment.
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PMID:Primary vulvar neoplasia: a review of in situ and invasive carcinoma, 1935-1972. 85 43

The effects of neonatal androgenization on endometrial carcinogenesis and natural killer (NK) cell activity which may facilitate the development of malignant tumors were studied. Abnormal uterine proliferation was not detected in any of 162 NR during a 800-day observation period. In contrast, 3 atypical hyperplasias, 3 adenocarcinomas and one squamous cell carcinoma of the uterus were detected in 61 ASR after 500 days of age. In ASR, obesity became prominent with aging and spleen weight also increased after 500 days of age. Concerning the target cell of NK cell activity assay, YAC-1 lymphoma cells are the best cell line of the three cell lines in a variety of experimental conditions. NK cell activity of both NR and ASR decreased with age. NK cell activities of ASR significantly decreased at both 250 and 500 days of age in comparison with those of NR. Such persistently reduced NK cell activity which implies that a decline in immune surveillance is one of the important factors in endometrial carcinogenesis of ASR after 500 days of age.
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PMID:[Effects of neonatal androgenization on endometrial carcinogenesis and natural killer (NK) activity]. 379 45

In a case-control study conducted in 1978 in Detroit, Michigan, as part of the National Bladder Cancer Study, the proportions of artificial sweetener users in a hospital and a population control series were compared. The study was based on interviews with 305 hospital controls and 440 population controls, as well as 391 patients with transitional or squamous cell carcinoma of the lower urinary tract. The proportion of artificial sweetener users among all hospital controls was higher than that among population controls. Among male hospital controls, it was found that 44% had ever used artificial sweeteners, compared to 38% of the male population controls. For females, the corresponding proportions of artificial sweetener users were 55% and 42%. Thus, relative risks estimated using all hospital controls were lower than relative risks estimated using population controls. When controls hospitalized for obesity-related diseases were excluded from the hospital control group, the proportion of artificial sweetener users and the relative risks for males were identical to those estimated with population controls (relative risk = 1.1). These results suggest that restriction of the control group to those patients hospitalized for non-obesity related diseases is a satisfactory procedure for selecting a control group in hospital-based studies of the effects of artificial sweeteners. For females, little or no change in the proportion of artificial sweetener users or in the relative risks was observed after exclusion of controls hospitalized for obesity-related diseases. However, the number of female subjects was small, and the results noted for females may have been due to chance.
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PMID:Artificial sweeteners and lower urinary tract cancer: hospital vs. population controls. 682 60

Endometrial carcinoma remains the most common invasive gynecologic malignancy. Increased longevity is associated with an increased incidence of endometrial carcinoma (EC) in elderly women. While recent studies have looked at aging and its relation to ovarian, breast, and cervical cancer, few have focused on EC in the growing elderly population. This study analyzed 35 histologic specimens of EC in women 75-92 years of age. Findings revealed that only 23% of the tumors were Stage I, G1. The majority (77%) were deeply invasive or of advanced stage (IC-IV). These were G2, G3, or "virulent" types of nonendometrioid EC (undifferentiated, clear cell, uterine serous papillary, and squamous cell carcinoma). Fifty-seven percent of tumors were endometrioid, of which 9% were mixed, including a rare case of nongestational choriocarcinoma. The nonendometrioid tumors, compared to the endometrioid types, were more often high-stage tumors with vascular invasion. They were also more often associated with atrophic (vs hyperplastic) uninvolved endometrium. Clinical risk factors (nulliparity, obesity, estrogen replacement therapy) were assessed and correlated with the histologic findings. It was shown that tumors in the elderly were less likely to be estrogen-related. It was concluded that EC in this age group is more aggressive, histologically less differentiated, and often nonendometrioid compared with EC in the general population. The increased virulence of EC in the elderly may be related to the tumor's independence from hormonal factors, to the poorly understood but well-known diminished immunologic defense against cancer in general in elderly patients, and/or to the belated diagnosis of the disease in this population.
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PMID:Endometrial carcinoma in elderly women. 762 5

Seventy-two long-surviving liver transplant recipients were evaluated prospectively, including a baseline allograft biopsy for weaning off of immunosuppression. Thirteen were removed from candidacy because of chronic rejection (n = 4), hepatitis (n = 2), patient anxiety (n = 5), or lack of cooperation by the local physician (n = 2). The other 59, aged 12-68 years, had stepwise drug weaning with weekly or biweekly monitoring of liver function tests. Their original diagnoses were PBC (n = 9), HCC (n = 1), Wilson's disease (n = 4), hepatitides (n = 15), Laennec's cirrhosis (n = 1), biliary atresia (n = 16), cystic fibrosis (n = 1), hemochromatosis (n = 1), hepatic trauma (n = 1), alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (n = 9), and secondary biliary cirrhosis (n = 1). Most of the patients had complications of long-term immunosuppression, of which the most significant were renal dysfunction (n = 8), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 2) or verruca vulgaris of skin (n = 9), osteoporosis and/or arthritis (n = 12), obesity (n = 3), hypertension (n = 11), and opportunistic infections (n = 2). When azathioprine was a third drug, it was stopped first. Otherwise, weaning began with prednisone, using the results of corticotropin stimulation testing as a guide. If adrenal insufficiency was diagnosed, patients reduced to < 5 mg/day prednisone were considered off of steroids. The baseline agents (azathioprine, cyclosporine, or FK506) were then gradually reduced in monthly decrements. Complete weaning was accomplished in 16 patients (27.1%) with 3-19 months drug-free follow-up, is progressing in 28 (47.4%), and failed in 15 (25.4%) without graft losses or demonstrable loss of graft function from the rejections. This and our previous experience with self-weaned and other patients off of immunosuppression indicate that a significant percentage of appropriately selected long-surviving liver recipients can unknowingly achieve drug-free graft acceptance. Such attempts should not be contemplated until 5-10 years posttransplantation and then only with careful case selection, close monitoring, and prompt reinstitution of immunosuppression when necessary.
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PMID:Weaning of immunosuppression in long-term liver transplant recipients. 783 42

Primary malignant tumours of the body of the uterus are less common in India compared to carcinoma of the cervix. This study analyzed 86 primary malignant tumours of the body of the uterus over a 5 year period with regard to incidence of the various tumours, age group, gravidity, any predisposing factor, and the incidence of carcinoma of the cervix in the same period. Adeno-carcinomas were found to be the most common type of tumour. Tropho-blastic malignancies and mixed mullerian tumours also formed a significant number of cases. Compared to Western studies our patients with adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and mixed mullerian tumour, were younger. Patients with adeno-carcinomas had a higher parity and patients with choriocarcinoma had a lower parity. Diabetes, hypertension and obesity were not as common as in the West. Carcinoma of the cervix was found to be commoner than primary malignant tumours of the body of the uterus.
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PMID:Primary malignancies of the corpus uteri retrospective five year analysis. 891 71

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy produces high response rates in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck without increasing the survival time. Furthermore authors have observed a death rate of about 5% (up to 10%) during chemotherapy. A series of patients with an oro- or hypo-pharynx cancer, were retrospectively divided into two groups on the basis of a short (< or = 2 months) or long (> or = 2 years) survival time. Clinical, tumoral and usual biological data from either group were compared. By univariate analysis, obesity index, hemoglobin, albumin concentrations and mononuclear cell counts were lower in patients with a short survival time compared with those in the other group. On the contrary, polymorphonuclear cell and platelet counts were higher. Infection appeared to be more frequent for patients with a poor prognosis without being entirely responsible for early death. By multivariate analysis, obesity index and platelet count were both independent variables associated with prognosis. These results call for further investigation of cardiac function, inflammatory, nutritional and immunological status of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck who were given initial chemotherapy, particularly Cisplatin and Fluorouracil.
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PMID:Early death during initial chemotherapy of squamous cell carcinoma of the oro- or hypopharynx. 906 95

Over the last years the incidence of esophageal cancer in Germany has been rising. One of the reasons of this rise is the increase of adenocarcinoma (AC) of the esophagus, a nearly unknown diagnosis 30 years ago. The incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is rising, too. The main risk factors for the development of SCC as well as for AC are heavy smoking and alcohol. Barrett's esophagus is predominantly developing in men after a longer lasting gastroesophageal reflux. In consequence, AC of the esophagus will be observed mostly in men. Patients with AC differ from patients with SCC by a smaller number of concomitant diseases, which are often caused by obesity of patients with AC. The preoperative risk factors of patients with SCC are caused by tobacco and alcohol. Only patients with early cancer (pT1) of the esophagus have a good prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of 83% for AC and 63% for SCC.
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PMID:[Carcinoma of the esophagus--actual epidemiology in Germany]. 1144 1

The authors describe the case of a 58 years old man, affected by severe obesity, alcohol addict, observed because of a retromandibular mass, measuring 6 cm. Clinical and instrumental findings indicated the presence of a mass apparently due to a parotid abscess; no evident lesions appeared at the examination of the ENT regions. Ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration cytology revealed the presence of a cystic cervical metastasis of a squamous cell carcinoma arising from an occult tonsillar cancer. The authors describe diagnostic procedures, differential diagnosis, treatment and peculiar aspects related to staging and follow-up.
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PMID:[Atypical presentation of lateral cervical metastasis of occult tumor]. 1147 90

Acne inversa is a recurrent, suppurative disease manifested by abscesses, fistulas, and scarring. Once considered to be a disease of the apocrine glands, it is actually a defect of follicular epithelium. Thus, the term hidradenitis suppurativa is a misnomer and should be abandoned. In cases of familial acne inversa, the pattern of transmission and number of affected individuals are consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance. Aetiological factors such as hyperandrogenism, obesity, smoking and chemical irritants are not consistently associated with the affection. Bacterial involvement is not a primary event in acne inversa, but is secondary to the disease process. Potential complications include dermal contraction, local or systemic infection due to the spread of microorganisms, systemic amyloidosis, arthropathy, and squamous cell carcinoma. As spontaneous resolution is rare and progressive disability is the rule, early definitive surgical intervention is advisable. The surgical procedure of choice in most cases is wide local excision and healing by secondary intention. Pharmacotherapeutic drugs, including synthetic retinoids and antiandrogens, do not prevent progression of the disease.
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PMID:Acne inversa (alias hidradenitis suppurativa). 1184 12


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