Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A workshop on the high risk group and the preventive oncology of renal cell carcinoma was held in Kyoto on September 7, 1990. The following subjects were presented: 1. Cohort study of renal cell carcinoma (Dr. Hirayama). 2. Pathoepidemiological study on the background of occurrence of renal cell carcinoma (Dr. Aoki). 3. Case-control study on renal cell carcinoma (Dr. Watanabe). 4. Geographic distribution of renal cell carcinoma in Japan (Dr. Minowa). 5. Pathological findings of small renal cell carcinoma (Prof. Yatani). 6. Pathoepidemiological study on occurrence of renal cell carcinoma (Dr. Tsuchihashi). 7. Clinical evaluation of small renal cell carcinoma (Dr. Masuda). 8. Clinical (biological) characteristics of renal cell carcinoma (Dr. Satomi). 9. Mass screening program for renal cell carcinoma on private urological clinic (Dr. Mishina). 10. Early stage detection of renal cell carcinoma (Dr. Ohe). 11. A review on the literature of epidemiology for renal cell carcinoma (Dr. Nakagawa). Possible risk factors reported for renal cell carcinoma were as follows: 1) Work in petroleum-related and dry-cleaning industries were positive risk. A predominant lifetime occupation as a professional was negative risk. 2) Milk or coffee consumption and use of artificial sweeteners were positive. Drinking of alcohol was negative. 3) Obesity was positive. 4) Personal history of cancer was positive. 5) Cigarette smoking was positive. 6) Exposure to radiation or hydrocarbon was positive. 7) Use of estrogen, diuretic and pain relievers was positive. 8) History of myocardial infarction, hypertension and diabetes mellitus was positive.
 ...
PMID:[A workshop on the high risk group and the preventive oncology of renal cell carcinoma]. 156 64

In a population-based case-control study of kidney cancer in New South Wales, Australia, data from structured interviews with 489 cases of renal cell cancer (RCC) and 147 cases of renal pelvic cancer (CaRP) diagnosed in 1989 and 1990, and 523 controls from the electoral rolls, confirmed the link between obesity and RCC. In addition, regular consumption of 'diet' pills independently increased the risk for this cancer. A diagnosis of hypertension at least two years before interview raised the risk for RCC, and regular use of beta-blockers, a class of antihypertensive drug, independently increased the risk for RCC and CaRP (risk ratio = 1.5-1.8). No independent effect was found for use of diuretics. Additional information provided by this study includes increased risks associated with kidney injury (RCC, CaRP)--possibly attributed to recall bias--and kidney infection (CaRP), as well as a nonsignificantly raised risk linked with kidney stones (RCC, CaRP) and a significantly reduced risk for RCC in persons giving a history of lower urinary tract infection. No significant association of RCC was found with hormonal factors (age at menarche or menopause; child-bearing; regular use of oral contraceptives or estrogens; hysterectomy or oophorectomy).
 ...
PMID:Risk factors for kidney cancer in New South Wales, Australia. II. Urologic disease, hypertension, obesity, and hormonal factors. 161 19

To investigate the effect of obesity at diagnosis on prognosis of renal cell carcinoma, 360 renal cell carcinoma patients newly diagnosed at 29 hospitals in Oklahoma between January 1, 1981 and December 31, 1984 were followed through December 31, 1987. The Cox proportional-hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratio, adjusting for other potentially prognostic factors. Both the disease-free interval and the overall survival were longer in patients who were obese (greater than or equal to 120% standard body mass index) at diagnosis. The adjusted-hazard ratio for disease recurrence between obese and nonobese patients was 0.43 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19 to 0.98). The obese patients had an adjusted death hazard rate 0.68 times that of the nonobese patients (95% CI, 0.38 to 1.22). Although obesity was reported to increase the risk for renal cell carcinoma, prognosis was no worse and may be better among obese patients with the disease.
 ...
PMID:Later recurrence and longer survival among obese patients with renal cell carcinoma. 189 66

Adipose cells grown in sub-culture are useful to elucidate genetic factors in obesity. Most omental adipose cell strains from 140 massively obese (greater than 170 percent of reference body weight) subjects replicated, in successive sub-cultures, to a significantly higher degree than cells from lean or moderately obese persons. The difference was due to a greater number of rapidly dividing clones. Adipose cells from the massively obese related into the culture medium proteins, native Mr 20,000-65,000, mitogenic on rat preadipocytes. Mitogenic activity of the medium was much less evident with cells from the lean. In the case of several cell strains, culture with 17-beta-estradiol increased the mitogenic activity of the medium. Omental adipose tissue of the massive obese also contained a greater number of adipose cell clones susceptible to differentiation. Hybrids of adipose cells from the massively obese fused with murine renal adenocarcinoma cells (RAG) revealed more prominent differentiation than hybrids comprised of adipose cells from the lean. Further, only those comprised of adipose cells from the obese could recapitulate differentiation in sub-cultures. These findings in culture probably reflect major heritable factors that facilitate the development of massive obesity in humans.
 ...
PMID:Abnormalities of adipose cells in massive obesity. 208 13

Crude estimation of the selection probability ratio (SPR), described previously, was extended to stratified and multivariate estimation and used to assess selection bias in a case-control study of renal adenocarcinoma. It was shown that the directly pooled estimate of the SPR, using the same weights as the directly pooled estimate of the exposure odds ratio (OR) from the case-control study (assuming the OR and SPR are common to all strata and data are abundant), can be multiplied with the OR to yield an adjusted OR that is free from selection bias. Medical records of 548 interviewed cases were compared with 640 noninterviewed cases, and interviews of 640 controls were compared with mailed questionnaires from 272 (60%) of the noninterviewed controls. Age-sex-adjusted point estimates of SPRs ranged from 0.65 to 1.4. Multivariate estimates from binomial regression ranged from 0.34 to 2.0. Higher socioeconomic status and history of renal stones were predictors of participation by both cases and controls. Obesity in women, hypertension, and nonsmoking were predictors in cases only. Heart disease was associated with control participation and case nonparticipation. This study cast doubt on the OR for obesity in women and hypertension in the case-control risk analysis.
 ...
PMID:Analysis of selection bias in a case-control study of renal adenocarcinoma. 209 Feb 81

The prevalence of hypertension was investigated in 119 adults who have survived for up to 53 years following the diagnosis of renal cancer in childhood (Wilms' tumor, 116 patients; renal carcinoma, three patients). Twenty-four (20%) have developed definite or borderline hypertension, as compared with 18.1 cases expected based on US population rates (relative risk [RR], 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9 to 2.0; P = .20). This nonsignificant excess is due to the heightened prevalence of definite hypertension among one subgroup of male patients. The findings are not explained by cigarette smoking, obesity, age, and stage at diagnosis of Wilms' tumor, or family history of hypertension. A case-comparison analysis within the cohort showed no consistent hypertensive effect associated with radiation therapy dose, radiotherapy concurrent with dactinomycin chemotherapy, or extent of renal surgery. Hypertension is not a common late complication of Wilms' tumor in our patients.
 ...
PMID:Hypertension in long-term survivors of childhood renal cancers. 254 84

The clinical pharmacokinetics of trimetrexate were determined in 11 patients during the phase I trial. The plasma drug disappearance curve was triphasic, with a t1/2 alpha of 8 +/- 5 minutes, t1/2 beta of 102 +/- 48 minutes, and t1/2 gamma of 15.2 +/- 5.7 hours. The AUC was 373 +/- 336 (micrograms/ml) hr (normalized to a dose of 200 mg/m2), volume of distribution by the area method (Varea) was 25.2 +/- 16.1 L/m2, total clearance (CL) was 14 +/- 8 ml/min/m2, and renal clearance (CLR) was 8 +/- 6 ml/min/m2. Four patients who received 190 to 200 mg/m2 did not develop severe toxicity. However, three patients who received 120 to 210 mg/m2 developed severe myelosuppression, skin rash, and stomatitis. This latter group had significantly longer terminal half-lives, greater AUCs, smaller Vareas, and lower rates of CL and CLR. One of these patients received an unusually large total amount of trimetrexate (470 mg) because of his obesity. The remaining two patients had renal problems. One developed toxicity despite having received a reduced dose (120 mg/m2) because of impaired renal function. The other patient, with normal renal function, had ascites and had undergone a unilateral nephrectomy for renal carcinoma. These data suggest that prolonged exposure to high trimetrexate levels may lead to increased toxicity. Dosage adjustment may have to be considered for patients who have renal dysfunction.
 ...
PMID:Clinical pharmacology of trimetrexate. 295 40

Potential risk factors in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were studied in a case-control study of 315 RCC cases and 313 hospital and 336 population controls. Risk factors included medical history, radiation exposure, predominant lifetime occupation, exposure to high-risk industries, and summary of important risk factors by a linear logistic regression model based on the comparison of RCC cases and controls selected from hospitals and the general population for 33 variables. A significant increase in urologic, cardiovascular, malignant, digestive, and metabolic disease was observed among cases over population controls. Exposure to radiation increased the risk, especially in females. A predominant lifetime occupation as a professional decreased the risk, whereas work as an operative increased the risk significantly. Work in petroleum-related and dry-cleaning industries were associated with elevated risk. Multivariate analysis comparing cases with each of the control groups for males and females identified obesity as the most important risk factor in RCC. Weight control at an early age might help to prevent the occurrence of a significant proportion of this rare but increasing malignant disease.
 ...
PMID:Risk factors in renal cell carcinoma. II. Medical history, occupation, multivariate analysis, and conclusions. 326 67

Ultrasound was used to assess venous extension in 28 patients with renal carcinoma, with particular reference to involvement of the inferior vena cava. The findings were correlated with surgical findings in all except two patients who had gross caval involvement and metastatic disease and in whom surgery was considered inappropriate. In 10 of the 28 patients (36%), a diagnostic ultrasound examination of the cava from the renal veins to the diaphragm was obtained. In four of these, ultrasound showed tumour involvement of the vena cava. In 12 cases (43%) only the intrahepatic part of the cava was seen, but the examination nonetheless excluded tumour involvement of the upper cava. Visualisation of the vena cava was impossible in six cases (21%), usually because of bowel gas or obesity; CT scanning provided valuable additional information in two of these cases. Inferior vena cavography confirmed the findings of the less invasive imaging procedures in 10 patients and was falsely positive once. Cavography is now seldom necessary in the assessment of renal carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:The accuracy and limitations of ultrasound in the assessment of venous extension in renal carcinoma. 330 13

To learn about adipose differentiation of precursors from postnatal adipose tissue of lean and massively obese subjects, human omental adipocyte precursor-murine renal adenocarcinoma cell (RAG) hybrids were formed by fusion with polyethylene glycol, and cultured selectively with 50 microM ouabain in hypoxanthine aminopterin thymidine (HAT) medium. Under conditions in which the parent cells did not differentiate, a number of hybrids, which were cloned, revealed morphologic and biochemical evidence of differentiation. In addition to activation of human genes within the common nucleus of the hybrids, murine cytoplasmic activators are probably also involved because heterocaryons (fused cells with two interspecific nuclei) revealed the same phenomenon. Hybrids composed of precursors from massively obese subjects disclosed more frequent and prominent differentiation. Since these hybrids, in contrast to those from the lean, recapitulate this phenomenon in subcultures, they provide the potential system for mapping the human gene(s) responsible for adipose differentiation and its exaggeration in massive obesity.
 ...
PMID:Exaggerated triglyceride accretion in human preadipocyte-murine renal line hybrids composed of cells from massively obese subjects. 336 10


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>