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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bra cup size and handedness were studied as possible risk factors for breast cancer. Data for 3918 cases and 11,712 controls from 7 centres were used to examine the association of handedness with laterality of breast cancer; data for 2325 cases and 7008 controls from 4 centres were used to assess the relation of bra cup size to breast cancer risk. There was a suggestive (P about 0.10) association of handedness with breast cancer laterality: odds ratio of a left-handed (or ambidextrous) woman having a left-sided cancer 1.22 (95% CI 0.96-1.56). Handedness may affect the lateral occurrence of breast cancer, although this tumour is in general more common in the left breast, possibly because this breast is usually slightly larger. Premenopausal women who do not wear bras had half the risk of breast cancer compared with bra users (P about 0.09), possibly because they are thinner and likely to have smaller breasts. Among bra users, larger cup size was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (P about 0.026), although the association was found only among postmenopausal women and was accounted for, in part, by obesity. These data suggest that bra cup size (and conceivably mammary gland size) may be a risk factor for breast cancer.
Eur J Cancer 1991
PMID:Breast size, handedness and breast cancer risk. 182 74

Precanceroses and early screening of endometrial carcinomas are reviewed. Measures are evaluated on how to prevent this malignancy with administration of gestagens in hyperplastical endometrial changes in climacteric conditions and manifestations of endometrial estrogenization in postmenopause. On the basis of clinical, laboratory and histological investigations, the total of 31 female subjects with dysfunctional bleeding was given medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera Upjohn tbl.) in 10 mg daily doses for up to 10-13 days cyclically prior to the onset of menopause. Under the mentioned treatment any of them experienced the rebleed, and no endometrial carcinoma had been diagnosed with control vacuum curettage within one year of observation. In a total of 196 women operated on to endometrial carcinoma, the occurrence of risk-factors for the development of mentioned tumour (obesity, late menopause, i.e. menopause after 50 years of age, sterility and dysfunctional bleeding backed with anovulation, long-term estrogen administration, feminizing ovarian tumours, liver diseases, glycide metabolic disorders and hypertension) was evaluated. The present work was aimed on the screening of asymptomatic group of women. Two important signs (obesity and late menopause) were invariably determined with the addition of any other risk factor. Mentioned women are supposed to undergo regular yearly histological investigation of endometrium. Of most benefit the vacuum curettage is believed by authors as a result of comparing the validation of cytological and histological methods in order of early evidence.
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PMID:[Precanceroses and endometrial carcinoma]. 184 15

We have designed a preventive medical examination program for workers of an electric company in Santiago, Chile. The first stage, directed mainly to identification of cardiovascular risk factors was completed in 1987. 1006 males and 163 females with mean age 45 +/- 9.4 years (range 22-65) were screened. High blood pressure mainly of mild degree was detected in 17.6% of subjects (57% of them were new cases). Total cholesterol above 220 mg/dl and HDL cholesterol below 40 mg/dl were present in 33% and 22%, respectively. Obesity (body weight > 120% of ideal weight for height) was present in 19%, and body mass index was above 27 in 25% of subjects. 23% of males and 31% of females smoked 1 or more cigarettes a day and 2% had an abnormal non-fasting glucose level. A total of 750 workers have at least 1 risk factor that should be corrected. No cases of cancer were detected by Papanicolaou and mammography. A positive correlation was found among LDL cholesterol, age and triglyceride levels and HDL was negatively correlated to triglycerides, blood glucose and obesity. A multivariate analysis of these factors revealed that only age was related to LDL levels and triglycerides to HDL levels. This health prevention program may help a significant number of asymptomatic workers by detecting risk factors that need correction in order to decrease mortality and morbidity in this population.
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PMID:[Preventive medical examination in asymptomatic workers: design and initial outcome of an institutional program]. 184 64

To further characterize the association of obesity and endometrial cancer, in particular with regard to the role of early-age obesity and adult weight gain, the authors assembled by computer linkage a population-based historical cohort of 30,266 women born between 1913 and 1932, for whom weight and height had been recorded in 1942-43 and 1972. Linkage of this cohort to the Hawaii Tumor Registry resulted in the identification of 214 (mainly post-menopausal) incident cases of endometrial cancer for 1972-1986. An average of 37 cancer-free controls were matched to each case on month and year of birth and ethnicity. A case-control analysis, conducted in each 5-year birth cohort, revealed no clear association of endometrial cancer with weight, height or body mass at ages 10 to 29 years. However, positive associations with adult body weight and gain in body mass since 1942 were observed for women diagnosed at age 60 or older. This association with obesity was strongest in women whose body mass was below the median in 1942 and equal to or above the median in 1972. No association with body size was detected in women diagnosed before age 60. Parity, age at first birth and socioeconomic indicators for 1942 and 1972 did not confound the analysis. These findings suggest that obesity affects the late stages of endometrial carcinogenesis, and the possibility that one or more determinants of weight gain may be independently associated with endometrial cancer risk.
Int J Cancer 1991 Jul 30
PMID:Early-age body size, adult weight gain and endometrial cancer risk. 186 Jul 27

Two diabetic women with pelvic malignancies developed necrotizing fasciitis within the irradiation fields. Despite aggressive surgical and medical therapy, both died when their health became too unstable for them to tolerate further surgery to resect the residual infection. We attribute their poor outcome to several factors. First, postradiation tissue changes obscured the early clinical findings necessary for a prompt diagnosis and made the identification of adequate surgical margins difficult. Second, diabetic patients have increased susceptibility to this infection. Third, the cumulative effects of radiation, diabetes mellitus and other factors that are common in patients with gynecologic malignancy (advanced age, vascular disease, obesity) favor the development, progression and persistence of necrotizing fasciitis. Radiographic studies were helpful in defining the extent of the infection in one patient.
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PMID:Necrotizing fasciitis in irradiated tissue from diabetic women. A report of two cases. 186 3

There are indications that body fat distribution, independent of obesity, may be a disease risk factor. The accuracy of self-measurement of waist, hip, and thigh circumferences, indicators of fat distribution, were examined for 227 women (aged 19-45) who were sent either a calibrated or uncalibrated tape measure and subsequently remeasured by a trained technician. Subjects tended to underestimate all circumferences somewhat. Spearman correlations between self-measurement and technician measurement were 0.88, 0.89, and 0.86 for the waist, hip, and thigh, respectively, and 0.65 and 0.77 for the waist-to-hip waist-to-thigh ratios. Correlations for waist, but not other measures, were better with the uncalibrated than with the calibrated tape. Accuracy did not vary within strata of education, body mass index, or waist-to-hip ratio. Subjects were able to measure their circumferences with reasonable accuracy. Circumference measures were more accurate than were computed ratios of circumferences; waist-to-thigh ratios were more accurate than were waist-to-hip ratios.
Nutr Cancer 1991
PMID:Accuracy of self-measurement of body fat distribution by waist, hip, and thigh circumferences. 186 12

A case-control study of 268 patients with endometrial cancer and 268 population controls was conducted during 1988-1990 in Shanghai, China, to evaluate etiologic factors in a population whose risk had not been substantially altered by the use of exogenous estrogens. In spite of this, the major risk factors resembled those found in other studies. The risk of endometrial cancer was significantly elevated among nulligravidas (OR = 5.4, 95% CI = 2.0-14.6) and decreased with number of pregnancies (p less than 0.01). Late age at menopause was associated with increased risk, while early age at menarche was unrelated. Use of oral contraceptives for more than 2 years was associated with a reduction in endometrial cancer risk (OR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.1-1.2), while short-term use of oral contraceptives and other methods of contraception were unrelated. Obesity was a strong predictor of risk, with women in the highest quartile of weight having 2.5 times the risk of those in the lowest quartile. In contrast to many other studies, cigarette smokers were at elevated risk (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 0.9-3.0). Risk was also elevated among women reporting a history of gall-bladder disease, polycystic ovaries, menstrual symptoms, and non-estrogen hormone use.
Int J Cancer 1991 Aug 19
PMID:A population-based case-control study of endometrial cancer in Shanghai, China. 187 68

Examined were 27 patients with pancreatic cancer and concomitant diabetes mellitus. It was established that in women, the likelihood of pancreatic cancer development increases with the age. Obesity and cholelithiasis are also the risk factors for development of cancer of the given location. In pancreatic cancer and diabetes mellitus lasting more than 2 years which is an independent disease with a tumor developed against its background, the mutual aggravation syndrome occurs: a severe course of diabetes and increased growth of a neoplasm.
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PMID:[The mutual aggravation syndrome in pancreatic cancer and diabetes mellitus]. 187 8

To investigate the effect of obesity at diagnosis on prognosis of renal cell carcinoma, 360 renal cell carcinoma patients newly diagnosed at 29 hospitals in Oklahoma between January 1, 1981 and December 31, 1984 were followed through December 31, 1987. The Cox proportional-hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratio, adjusting for other potentially prognostic factors. Both the disease-free interval and the overall survival were longer in patients who were obese (greater than or equal to 120% standard body mass index) at diagnosis. The adjusted-hazard ratio for disease recurrence between obese and nonobese patients was 0.43 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19 to 0.98). The obese patients had an adjusted death hazard rate 0.68 times that of the nonobese patients (95% CI, 0.38 to 1.22). Although obesity was reported to increase the risk for renal cell carcinoma, prognosis was no worse and may be better among obese patients with the disease.
Cancer 1991 Oct 01
PMID:Later recurrence and longer survival among obese patients with renal cell carcinoma. 189 66

The authors evaluated the risk of development of cholelithiasis in 6050 patients treated at a single hospital for various childhood cancers with different therapeutic modalities, including chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy, and bone marrow transplantation, from 1963 to 1989. Patients with underlying chronic hemolytic anemia or preexisting gallstones were excluded. Nine female and seven male patients with a median age of 12.4 years (range, 1.2 to 22.8 years) at diagnosis of primary cancer had gallstones develop 3 months to 17.3 years (median, 3.1 years) after therapy was initiated. Cumulative risks of 0.42% at 10 years and 1.03% at 18 years after diagnosis substantially exceed those reported for the general population of this age group. Treatment-related factors significantly associated with an increased risk of cholelithiasis were ileal conduit, parenteral nutrition, abdominal surgery, and abdominal radiation therapy (relative risks and 95% confidence intervals = 61.6 [27.9-135.9], 23.0 [9.8-54.1], 15.1 [7.1-32.2], and 7.4 [3.2-17.0], respectively). There was no correlation with the type of cancer, nor was the frequency of conventional predisposing features (e.g., family history, obesity, use of oral contraceptives, and pregnancy) any higher among the affected patients in this study than in the general population. Patients with cancer who have risk factors identified here should be monitored for the development of gallstones.
Cancer 1991 Mar 01
PMID:Cholelithiasis after treatment for childhood cancer. 189 56


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