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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 1970, Erspamer et al.(1,14)isolated and characterized the tetradecapeptide bombesin (BN) from the skin of amphibian frog Bombina bombina. Subsequently, several BN-like peptides have been identified in mammals, consisting of various forms of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and/or neuromedin B (NMB), together with their distinct receptor subtypes. It has been proposed that BN-related peptides may be released from the gastrointestinal (GI)-tract in response to ingested food, and that they bridge the gut and brain (through neurocrine means) to inhibit further food intake. Conversely, the suppression of release of BN-like peptides at relevant brain nuclei may signal the initiation of a feeding episode. The present review will describe recent pharmacological, molecular, behavioral and physiological experiments, supporting the contention that endogenous BN-related peptides do indeed influence ingestive behaviors. Particular attention is focused on the relationship between these peptides in the peripheral compartment and their impact on central circuits using GRP and/or NMB as transmitters. In addition, however, we will point out various caveats and conundrums that preclude unequivocal conclusions about the precise role(s) of these peptides and their mechanism(s) of action. We conclude that BN-related peptides play an important role in the control of food intake, and may contribute to ingestive disruptions associated with anorexia (anorexia nervosa, AIDS and cancer anorexia), bulimia, obesity and depression. Hence, pharmacological targeting of these systems may be of therapeutic value.
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PMID:Role of bombesin-related peptides in the control of food intake. 1065 15

Binge eating and its relationship to multiple program attendance and use of alternative methods of weight control was assessed among 187 former residential weight control participants. Subjects completed a 68-item questionnaire assessing weight control techniques, exercise behaviors, behavior modification techniques, binge eating, and dieting behaviors. Results indicate that respondents who attended other programs after leaving the residential weight control program had significantly higher scores on monitoring food amounts, binge eating characteristics, and post-binge emotions. Similarly, respondents who tried alternative methods of weight control after leaving the program had significantly higher scores on the variables binge eating severity, feelings during a binge, and post-binge emotions. These findings support the binge/diet/obesity cycle and suggest that obese persons with binge problems should discontinue dieting and be directed toward appropriate intervention strategies. Furthermore, policy aimed at screening individuals for binge eating traits prior to weight control program participation is needed.
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PMID:Binge eating and its relationship to multiple weight control program attendance and alternative methods of weight control. 1072 68

We investigated the long-term results after vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) for morbid obesity and evaluated some predictors of poor outcome. Twenty-seven morbidly obese patients (mean BMI 50 kg/m(2)) who underwent VBG a mean of 5.4 years earlier were studied. The mean weight loss was 31 kg or 40.5% of excess weight. Ten patients (37%) were within 50% of their ideal weight. The patients were classified as bingers (n = 10) and non-bingers (n = 17) according to the modified Binge Eating Scale. One-year postoperative weight losses were 55% and 57% respectively of excess weight, but at the time of the study weight losses were 24% and 50% of excess weight (p = 0.04) in the bingers and non-bingers, respectively. The mean weight regain was 23 kg in the bingers vs 8 kg in the non-bingers, p = 0.01. Two bingers had excellent weight loss results, but otherwise an unsuccessful outcome. Weight reduction did not correlate with age, sex or age of onset of obesity. These results show that binge-eating strongly predicts poor weight loss maintenance after gastroplasty in the long-term, though initial weight reduction is good. We suggest that binge-eating should be evaluated before gastroplasty and taken into consideration in the design of treatment.
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PMID:Long-term Results of Gastroplasty for Morbid Obesity: Binge-Eating as a Predictor of Poor Outcome. 1074 82

65 patients were examined. They were divided into three groups. Group 1 consisted of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) without bulimia, complicated by cachexia and amenorrhea. Epileptoid personality masculinous body built and behaviour, essential disturbances of sexual self-identification prevailed in this group. 3 patients had homoerotic tendencies, while a syndrome of sex negation developed in 5 cases. In group 2 bulimia was a stage of AN development. The patients had frequently initial endocrinopathy (obesity, dysmenorrhea), experiences of phobia and anxiety, asynchronous disharmonious type of psychosexual ontogenesis. Group 3 of patients was characterized by predomination of bulimia symptoms as a variation of the disease course. Normostenic body built, normal somatoendocrine and psychosexual development were combined with hysteric personal characteristics, mood and sexual fluctuations.
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PMID:[Specific factors of sex behavior in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia]. 1084 61

A poor health-related quality of life (HRQL) has been repeatedly documented in obesity. Overweight per se and associated diseases affect physical fitness, whereas mental well-being depends on social, cultural and behavioural components. Very few studies are available on HRQL in obese persons in relation to eating behaviour. We measured HRQL by means of Short-Form-36 questionnaire in 183 obese subjects, seeking specific treatment at a University-based weight management center. Only half had a Body Mass Index exceeding 35 kg/m2. Data were compared to age- and gender-adjusted normative values of the Italian population (2031 subjects). The Binge Eating Scale (BES) and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) were used to assess eating behaviour. Most domains of HRQL were impaired in obese subjects, more severely in younger subjects and in females. The severity of overweight progressively affected physical fitness, but had a minor effect on mental status. In over 50% of subjects, BES and TFEQ identified a binge eating pattern, more frequently in females. A positive BES, as well as lower restriction, higher disinhibition and hunger values at TFEQ, identified subjects with poorer HRQL. Logistic regression analysis identified in a positive BES the variable more closely associated with low scores in mental domains of perceived HRQL. Waist-to-hip ratio, degree of obesity, osteoarticular and respiratory diseases, but also positive BES, were selected as variables more closely associated with poor physical fitness. HRQL is variably impaired in obese persons seeking treatment for their disease, mainly in patients with binge eating. Treatment of binge eating may be as important as any weight-reducing intervention for the overall well-being of the majority of obese persons.
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PMID:Health-related quality of life in obesity: the role of eating behaviour. 1096 92

Obesity is a serious health problem among women across the life span. Although people can become obese at any age, there is a large proportion of older women who have been obese since childhood. The purpose of this study was to determine whether postmenopausal women with an early versus late onset of obesity manifested differences in body habitus, eating behaviors, and mood. One hundred thirty-five postmenopausal women with obesity responded to self-report questionnaires on weight history, weight loss and maintenance expectancy, eating behaviors, and mood. Women with an early onset of obesity had a significantly higher body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and highest attained adult body weight than women with a late onset of obesity. They had attempted a significantly larger number of diets and had lost more weight on any single diet. The groups also differed significantly on binge eating and overeating in response to negative affect. There was a tendency for women with an early onset to have more depressive and anxious symptoms. Postmenopausal women with an early onset of obesity differed physiologically and psychologically from those with a late onset. Tailoring dietary and behavioral interventions to profiles of postmenopausal women based on onset of obesity may improve the overall efficacy of weight loss programs.
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PMID:A profile of early versus late onset of obesity in postmenopausal women. 1110 1

Binge eating disorder (BED) is a syndrome marked by recurrent episodes of binge eating, in the absence of the regular use of inappropriate compensatory behaviors. Since the inclusion of BED in DSM-IV as a Diagnostic Category in Need of Further Research, a great deal of research has been conducted. This paper reviews research on BED since publication of DSM-IV in 1994. We conclude that questions about the definition of BED persist. Furthermore, recent studies which have strictly used the DSM-IV definition of BED have found that the full syndrome is found in less than 3% of obese adults seeking weight loss treatment and occurs in less than 1% of the general adult population. Binge eating is a common symptom associated with obesity, however. BED may be conceptualized as a psychiatric syndrome or it may be viewed as a behavioral symptom associated with obesity. We conclude that clarification of this conceptual issue is needed if research on BED is to progress.
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PMID:Binge eating disorder: a review of the literature after publication of DSM-IV. 1123 38

In Switzerland, 6% of men and 5% of women are obese (BMI > 30); 33% of men and 17% of women are overweight (BMI 25-30). Both genetic and environmental factors are responsible for obesity. There is an increased risk of C-V disease, diabetes and steato-hepatitis in abdominal obesity (abdominal circumference > 102 cm for men and > 88 cm for women). There is also an increased level of cortisol, which could be due to a difficulty to cope with psycho-social stress. Leptine and different hormones play a role in fat storage. Menopause and pregnancy are moderate risk factors for obesity. Weight gain may also result from different drugs, smoking cessation and stress. Eating disorders such as boulimia and binge eating must be diagnosed and treated. Beneficial health effect of weight loss is analysed.
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PMID:[Ten questions on the causes and consequences of obesity: stress hormones]. 1123 10

This paper describes definition and classification of Eating Disorders which centered on the atypical cases. Eating disorders in DSM-IV were further classified into 3 groups. Three groups were Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa and Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified. Binge Eating Disorders frequently transfer to obese patient. This disease entity become independent of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. Body weight changing trend evaluated not only cross section but also longitudinal observation. There are some experience cases which Anorexia Nervosa cause by diet therapy of obesity patient. A lot of Eating Disorder patients revealed atypical courses during clinical treatment. The symptom of disturbances in the way in which their body weight and sharp could not easy to confirm routine history taking. One type of eating disorders eat throughout the day with no planned mealtimes.
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PMID:[Definition and classification of eating disorders]. 1126 3

Binge eating in simple obesity has recently been recognized as a serious clinical problem. In the obese population with binge eating, distinct characteristics have been found by many researchers, such as an early onset of obesity and diet, frequent body weight fluctuation, the amount of time spent dieting, extreme restriction of food intake and an unrealistic ideal of diet. Obese binge eaters also exhibit more psychiatric symptomatology such as distortion of body image, low self-esteem, low self-efficacy, a high level of depression, strong perfectionism, high impulsivity and comorbidity of personality disorders, especially a borderline personality disorder. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy are promising for treatment of obese binge eaters. Supportive psychotherapy will add some help by ameliorating psychological distress.
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PMID:[Binge-eating in simple obesity]. 1126 13


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