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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It has been recently suggested that focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS) is analogous to atherosclerosis. Obese Zucker (OZ) rats spontaneously develop hyperlipidemia, proteinuria and FGS. To evaluate the role of the monocyte (MO) and its derivatives in the pathogenesis of the lesion, 30 OZ rats and 15 lean littermates (LZ) were followed for up to 240 days of age. At 75, 120 and 240 days of age, groups of 10 OZ and 5 LZ were assessed with respect to serum total and free cholesterol (TC and FC), triglyceride, lipoprotein electrophoresis, renal histology, histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. All serum lipids were raised at 75 days in OZ rats and increased progressively at 120 and 240 days. The early lesions of FGS were first demonstrated in OZ at 120 days with more advanced lesions at 240 days. FGS was seen in LZ only at 240 days when their serum lipids were raised. Intraglomerular MO infiltration was significantly higher in OZ than in LZ at all time periods (p less than 0.01) and greater in glomeruli with FGS lesions than in those without (p less than 0.01 and 120 days and p less than 0.05 at 240 days). Staining for ED1 and Ia antigens with monoclonal antibodies demonstrated increasing numbers of intraglomerular ED1+ and Ia+ cells with increasing age and extent of FGS. The findings suggest a role for intraglomerular macrophages in the pathogenesis of FGS in OZ.
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PMID:Monocytes and macrophages in focal glomerulosclerosis in Zucker rats. 194 26

Rabenid (sulfinpyrazone) was used in 95 patients suffering from different diseases and treated at the departments could be demonstrated in association with or as a primary cause of the disease. Serum uric acid level was measured as an objective parameter. In response to Rabenid a drastic fall of this value could be observed. The drug influences favourably the serum cholesterol and triglyceride values as well. In patients exposed to the risk of thrombosis, new or recurrent thrombosis did not develop during the observation period and Rabenid was, in general, well tolerated by all patients. Attention has been called to the close correlation between hyperuricaemia, obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertensions, and hyperlipaemia and the therapeutic and prophylactic value of the examined drug has been emphasized from this respect.
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PMID:Use of Rabenid for different indications. 194 84

The effects of first generation sulphonylurea compounds carbutamide, gliclazide and tolbutamide as well as second generation compounds glibenclamide and glipizide on the cardiovascular system were investigated in dogs. Six dogs received each compound intravenously at cumulative dose levels of 74, 296, 1184 mumol/kg of carbutamide and tolbutamide, 0.4, 2.0, 10.0 mumol/kg of glibenclamide and glipizide, and 16, 48 and 144 mumol/kg of gliclazide. Mean arterial blood pressure, myocardial contractile force, cardiac output and heart rate were measured. The rate of change of myocardial contractile force development (positive dF/dt), as well as of myocardial relaxation (negative dF/dt) were measured. The first generation sulphonylureas were found, in dogs, to exert a positive inotropic effect in contrast to second generation compounds. The clinical importance of our findings may be in the potential for the malfunction of the cardiovascular system (based on cardiopathy, neuropathy, atherosclerosis, and obesity), developing in diabetes, to be further impaired by the first generation sulphonylureas. Therefore, second generation sulphonylureas should be preferred in the therapy of type 2 diabetics, if satisfactory metabolic control cannot be achieved by dietary management alone and sulphonylurea treatment becomes necessary.
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PMID:Direct effect of hypoglycemic sulphonylureas on the cardiovascular system of dogs. 201 35

Two hundred twenty five anginal symptomatic patients (37-75 years) undergoing selective coronary angiography were studied to clarify the importance of risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). Serum lipids, apolipoproteins, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1 and A1c, serum insulin levels, hypertension, smoking and obesity were examined as coronary risk factors in 64 newly diagnosed non-insulin dependent diabetic patients (60 +/- 1 (+/- SE)yr), 88 impaired glucose tolerant (IGT) patients (58 +/- 1 yr) and 73 non-diabetic patients (62 +/- 1 yr). Diabetic and IGT patients showed significantly higher coronary atherosclerosis indices than non-diabetic patients (p less than 0.05). In the diabetic and IGT groups, the plasma triglyceride concentrations were significantly higher in the patients with coronary atherosclerosis (CAS) than in either patients without CAS (p less than 0.05) or non-diabetic patients with CAS (p less than 0.05). The prevalence of hypertension in the diabetic patients with CAS was higher than in the non-diabetic patients with CAS. These data suggest that hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension might be important as risk factors in the development of coronary atherosclerosis in persons with an abnormal glucose tolerance.
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PMID:Multiple risk factors in coronary artery disease patients with abnormal glucose tolerance. 203 23

Resistance to the action of insulin on glucose metabolism, with the ensuing compensatory hyperinsulinaemia, is closely linked to essential hypertension. The decreased insulin sensitivity observed in hypertensive patients is independent of obesity. Hyperinsulinaemia is likely to promote the dyslipidaemia that frequently accompanies the hypertensive state, and often presents as increased total and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triglycerides, low high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and, in some studies, elevated levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol. Lipid abnormalities, hypertension and possibly hyperinsulinaemia act together to increase the risk of atherosclerotic disease manifestations in hypertensive patients. Acutely, insulin has been shown to stimulate sympathetic nervous system activity and transmembrane electrolyte transport, to promote sodium retention and to cause vascular wall changes, including increased cholesterol biosynthesis and smooth muscle proliferation. If these mechanisms operate on a chronic basis, the continuous exposure to elevated plasma insulin levels may play a pathogenetic role in the development of high blood pressure, and also of a predisposition toward atherosclerosis in patients with hypertension. Further studies are necessary to establish these hypothetical cause-effect relationship which, if shown to be true, will contribute to a more wide-ranging view of essential hypertension and the optimum strategy for antihypertensive treatment.
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PMID:Insulin resistance in hypertension--a relationship with consequences? 204 24

In a brief review the author presents selected results of endocrinological research, published in 1989 to 1990. In the sphere of peptide hormones he mentions findings on the reduced level of the endothelial relaxation factor in the blood stream in atherosclerosis, the classification of endothelin with neuropeptides and the existence of a vasopressin antagonist which causes polyuria after operations of the hypothalamus. Hybrid hormones (biotechnologically prepared combined molecules), mammastatins (inhibitors of proliferation of mammary cell cultures lacking in transformed cultures) and adipsin (a peptide factor lacking in some types of experimental obesity) are other recent advances. Findings on endogenous benzodiazepine substances (occupying receptors for diazepines) and of an endogeneous factor for receptors for tetrahydrocanabinols supplement the contemporary picture. Adrenocortex stimulating immunoglobulins may be the cause of hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex, similarly as TSI is the cause of Graves-Basedow's disease. In the latter evidence of a retroviral aetiology was provided.
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PMID:[Endocrinology 1989-1990]. 207 Mar 86

The frequent concurrence of other cardiovascular risk factors in hypertensive patients, such as obesity and diabetes mellitus, suggests that overlapping genetic and environmental factors may contribute to the common metabolic and cardiovascular derangements observed in these populations. Hypertension and hyperglycemia accelerate atherosclerosis in diabetics, and play an important role in associated morbidity and mortality. Several abnormalities in blood pressure regulatory systems such as the renin-angiotensin system, the sympathetic nervous system, and sodium/volume control have been described in diabetes mellitus. Sodium retention and cardiovascular hyperreactivity appear to occur early in the course of diabetes mellitus, even at normal blood pressure levels and before onset of renal failure, and could set the stage for the development of hypertension. The relationship between obesity and hypertension is also well-established, and may reflect metabolic and cardiovascular adaptations in obese subjects which predispose to blood pressure elevations. Obese subjects display changes in sympathetic nervous system activity, sodium metabolism, and vascular hemodynamics. Sodium-sensitive blood pressure responses in the obese may be secondary to increased cardiac output or fluid volume, and are directly related to circulating insulin levels. Certain metabolic and vascular characteristics of obesity and diabetes mellitus are found in patients with essential hypertension. It has been suggested that insulin and insulin resistance may be the common link between these risk factors. Improved understanding of metabolic considerations in the treatment of obese and diabetic hypertensives should lead to more careful selection of medications that avoid metabolic complications. Although diuretics and beta-blockers may be useful in some patients, there are several reasons not to recommend their use as initial therapy in obese and diabetic hypertensives. On the other hand, calcium channel blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors are highly effective, with minimal effects on metabolic parameters, and are well-suited as first-line therapy in the treatment of obese and diabetic hypertensives.
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PMID:Metabolic considerations in hypertension. 207 23

To investigate the relationship between the coronary-prone behavior pattern (Type A behavior pattern) and coronary artery disease, 159 patients were evaluated by coronary angiography (CAG) and the coronary-prone behavior pattern score (CBP score) as well as other coronary risk factors (CRFs). The extent of atherosclerosis was quantified by the number of diseased major arteries and by a coronary atherosclerosis score (CAS) based on an original, quantitative scoring system. Age, obesity index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and CBP score were significantly higher and HDL cholesterol was significantly lower in the multivessel disease group than in the other group. Age, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and CBP score were correlated significantly with CAS. On the other hand, there was no significant correlation between these CRFs and the CBP score. These results strongly suggest that the behavior pattern might be an independent CRFs via the promotion of coronary atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Study of the correlation between the Type A behavior pattern in patients with coronary heart disease and the extent of coronary atherosclerosis. 208 5

Atherosclerosis is more common and severe in DM. The purpose of this study was to compare the blood lipids profile and the prevalence of different coronary risk factors (CRF) in a mexican population with CHD (coronary heart disease) and DM compared with non DM patients. All had a history of myocardial infarction. Patients with nephropathy or other secondary causes of dyslipidema were excluded. There were two groups of 45 patients, 32 males, 13 females; age was 60 +/- 1 (SEM), body mass index (BMI) 26 +/- 6. Diabetes duration was 10 +/- 1 years. Diabetic individuals referred smoking in 58%, high blood pressure 55%, obesity (IQ greater than 27) 42%. There were no statistical differences with the non DM group. The mean values of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides were similar in diabetics and non diabetics. HDL cholesterol was significantly lower in diabetic females (p less than 0.01). Hypoalphalipoproteinemia (HDL-C less than or equal to 30 mg/dL) was the most common abnormality in both groups (52% DM vs 38% nonDM) (p less than 0.01) Type IV phenotype was present in 40 vs 29% (NS). Lipid values were not related to BMI, metabolic control or diabetes type of treatment. To conclude, non insulin dependent diabetic patients with CHD have a high prevalence of CRF. Lipid abnormalities, particularly hypoalphalipoproteinemia and hypertriglyceridemia, could be a cause for the increased atherogenic risk, particularly in females.
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PMID:[Diabetes mellitus and ischemic cardiopathy: their relation to changes in plasma lipids and other coronary risk factors]. 209 Nov 76

The independent associations between overall obesity, body fat distribution, lipids, lipoproteins, glucose, blood pressure and some hormonal factors (sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) and fasting insulin) were cross-sectionally examined in 205 French working women. After adjustment for age, overall adiposity assessed by body mass index (BMI) was significantly associated with most metabolic parameters, whereas regional adiposity assessed by the waist-hip ratio (WHR) was significantly associated only with triglyceride, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Blood pressure, glucose but not triglyceride, were also negatively and significantly correlated with SHBG and positively with fasting insulin. Negative independent associations were found between SHBG and both BMI and WHR, whereas CBG was positively associated only with WHR. Fasting insulin was no longer related to WHR after adjustment for BMI. After controlling for the effect of SHBG or insulin, the associations between triglyceride, blood pressure and both BMI and WHR were not substantially modified. After adjustment for BMI and WHR, fasting insulin was independently associated with both HDL cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure. In conclusion, in these French women, hormonal factors under study appeared to have little influence on the relationships between body fatness, body fat distribution, metabolic variables and blood pressure.
Atherosclerosis 1990 Dec
PMID:Hormonal influences on the relationships between body fatness, body fat distribution, lipids, lipoproteins, glucose and blood pressure in French working women. 210 82


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