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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Prospective epidemiologic studies have uniformly demonstrated that a high plasma cholesterol level is indicative of an increased risk of myocardial infarction. Beside elevated serum cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, hypertension, obesity, and stress have been correlated with an elevated incidence of atherosclerosis. At the Medical Department in Heidelberg it was demonstrated that four weeks after myocardial infarction (MI) only 59 percent of 753 men and 53 percent of 348 women were still alive, and that smoking cigarettes leads to early MI. Nonsmokers had their first MI at 63 years, cigarette smokers at the age of 53. These results stress the importance of early detection of the above-mentioned risk factors.
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PMID:[Epidemiology and clinical aspects of atherosclerosis (author's transl)]. 120 95

The relationship between body-build factors and the severity of coronary and aortic atherosclerosis was estimated in a series of 193 men, aged 25 years or over, who had died of violent causes. Overweight showed a significant correlation with the extent of coronary and aortic fatty streaks but not with the extent of coronary or aortic raised lesions or calcifications. The stenosis score, which expressed the degree of obstruction in the coronary arterial tree, showed a slight tendency to a positive correlation with the degree of obesity but the finding was not consistent. Nor correlation was found between the sturdiness factor of body-build and the severity of atherosclerosis. The muscularity factor showed a significant correlation with the extent of coronary and aortic fatty streaks and an inverse correlation with aortic calcifcations.
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PMID:Coronary and aortic atherosclerosis in relation to body-build factors. 121 55

The authors set up the task to study the changes in blood sugar, immunoreactive insulin and triglycerides in patients with manifested coronary disease during an oral glucoso-tolerance test in the course of three hours. They examined 32 patients with coronary disease and 19 control subjects, similar in age and body weight, divided into three subgroups: with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), suspiciously-pathological glucose tolerance (SPGT) and pathological glucose tolerance (PGT). They are led by age conformed criteria in the assessment of the blood sugar curves obtained. For a better idea about the insulin response volume, provoked by glucose loading, they compare the sums of the insulinemic values and "insulinogenic index", among the control subjects and the patients examined. The study of the carbohydrate tolerance of the patients examined, show that manifested or suspiciously pathological deviations in carbohydrate metabolism were found in almost 60% of them. Insulinemia during the glucose loading was found to be higher than that of the control subjects, maximal point appearing later and restoration to initial values delayed. The highest absolute insulin values and increased volume of insulin secretion were established in the patients with NGT and the lowest--in patients with PGT. The highest insulinogenic index is in NGT patients and is with about 50% higher than that of the control subjects while in patients with PGT it is quite the reverse, i. e.--glucose tolerance deteriorated parallelly with the reducing of insulin response to glucose stimulus or, in other words--normal glucose tolerance in patients maintained by the increased insulin production. The correlation of blood sugar and insulinemic curves with those of triglyceridemia reveals that with blood sugar elevation and insulinemia during glucose loading--triglyceride level rapidly elevates--i.e. a positive correlation was found among blood sugar, insulinemia and triglyceridemia where triglyceridemia correlates with hyperinsulinemia more intimately than with glycemia. Basing on the data obtained and the general theoretical conditons--the problem of pathogenetic commonness (at least in certain relations) between atherosclerosis, obesity and diabetes mellitus is discussed. A practical conclusion is drawn that the establishment of increased serum triglycerides and hyperinsulinism in pathological and even in still normal carbohydrate tolerance in one subject may play the role of an important diagnostic test, speaking of the possible development or for the presence of already manifested atherosclerosis.
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PMID:[Carbohydrate tolerance, serum insulin and triglycerides in coronary disease]. 122 16

A new strain of genetically obese rat recently obtained in our laboratory exhibits endogenous hyperlipidemia (marked hypertriglyceridemia and moderate hypercholesterolemia) and spontaneous hypertension. The animals die prematurely from kidney failure or from the complications of atherosclerosis. A low calorie diet proved to be highly beneficial to these rats. Body weight declined, obesity diminished, the hypertriglyceridemia was almost eliminated, and the hypercholesterolemia was reduced. However, the hypertensive state was not alleviated. Since the life span of the rats was greatly prolonged by a low calorie diet, the latter undoubtedly served to prevent or arrest the development of renal and vascular disease in these obese animals.
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PMID:Effect of low calorie diet on the hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and life span of genetically obese rats. 125 Aug 73

Coronary- and LV-angiography in coronary heart disease are indicated I) to clarify whether or not surgery is required (e.g. aorto-coronary-bypass operation, aneurysmectomy) in 1) drug resistent angina pectoris, 2) myocardial aneurysms (or the suspicion of), 3) VSD following myocardial infarction and/or 4) as preoperative investigations in mitral regurgitation or 5) other valve lesions. II) These investigations are furthermore indicated in the under-50-yr.-old considering their prognosis and diagnosis 1) following myocardial infarction 2) to clarify a pathological exercise test with or without angina pectoris 3) in the differential diagnosis of myocardial diseases and 4) occasionally in patients with a number of risk factors or exposed to particular occupational hazards or from families with a high incidence of early deaths from heart disease. Coronary- and LV-angiography are contraindicated in 1) generalized stenosing atherosclerosis, 2) acute myocardial infarction, 3) failure from other organ-systems (e.g. kidney), 4) drug resistent endogenous risk factors and/or relevant obesity, 5) biological age over 60-65.6) continued nicotine dependence. In many cases the specific diagnostic investigations will include the assessment of coronary flow at rest and during maximal drug induced coronary dilatation. This enables us to estimate the coronary reserve and to diagnose coronary insufficiency in patients with normal coronary angiograms.- Instructive morphological and/or functional results illustrate this presentation.
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PMID:[Indications for coronary arteriography and left ventriculography in coronary heart disease (author's transl)]. 125 Nov 19

Asymptomatic hyperuricemia should be treated only if the plasma uric acid levels are around 10 mg/100 ml or more on several determinations. In addition, patients on a purine-free diet who excrete more than 600 mg uric acid per 24 h should be treated. In both cases, treatment is intended to be prophylactic against gouty nephropathy. At present there is no evidence that primary hyperuricemia alone is a risk factor for early atherosclerosis and especially coronary artery disease. However, more attention should be paid to the accompanying risk factors such as obesity, hyperlipoproteinemia, diabetes mellitus and hypertension.
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PMID:[Which uric acid value is in need of treatment?]. 126 67

The insulin response to an oral glucose load (100 gm.) in 127 patients with a previous myocardial infarction (MI) (six months to one year) and in 65 patients with surgically treated or arteriographically identified peripheral vascular disease (PVD) was compared with that of 89 controls after matching the three collectives for age, glucose tolerance, and per cent ideal body weight (% IBW). The insulin response was of greater magnitude in MI and PVD groups than in respective control groups also in the absence of hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and obesity. This finding suggests that hyperinsulinism may represent an early metabolic alteration associated with the development of MI and PVD. The insulin secretion pattern was prevalently of the delayed type in association with impaired glucose tolerance and with hypertriglyceridemia but not with overweight. Correlations between serum insulin, triglyceride (TG) levels, and % IBW were also investigated. We found a strong correlation (p less than 0.001) between stimulated insulin levels and % IBW in MI patients and none in PVD patients; conversely, the correlation between serum insulin and TG levels was very high (p less than 0.001) in PVD patients and only weak (p less than 0.05) in MI patients. No correlation was found between cholesterol (CH) levels and any of the other parameters studied. According to these results, it seems likely that hyperinsulinism plays a major role as a closely associated factor to obesity in those subjects who develop an MI, whereas in PVD patients the raised insulin levels may favor lipid accumulation in the arterial intima and accelerate the progress of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Insulin response to oral glucose in patients with a previous myocardial infarction and in patients with peripheral vascular disease. Hyperinsulinism and its relationships to hypertriglyceridemia and overweight. 127 7

Insulin resistance is a frequent phenomenon and a marker of increased risk for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and atherosclerosis. According to recent estimations, not only individuals with obesity, NIDDM, and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) but also one fourth of the "healthy" glucose tolerant and the majority of the hypertensive population are insulin resistant. Insulin resistance describes a tissue- and pathway-specific defect of glucose metabolism that is compensated for by hyperinsulinemia, leading to a cluster of undesirable hypertensiogenic, diabetogenic, and atherogenic processes. The initial defect can be directly measured by glucose clamp and other sophisticated techniques; the clinical syndrome may be derived from a network of related variables known to be associated with reduced insulin action. Because neither clamps nor serum insulin screenings will be available on a widespread basis, early diagnosis based on clinical criteria is crucial. A new interpretation of the "thrifty" genotype hypothesis may explain why insulin resistance, which formerly apparently represented an advantage in the evolutionary selection process, is such a frequent phenomenon. Improvement of impaired insulin action as a therapeutic principle may play a future central role in an integrated lifestyle approach of primary prevention of noncommunicable diseases such as NIDDM, hypertension, and atherosclerosis.
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PMID:What is the clinical significance of insulin resistance? 128 40

A series of surveys of diabetes mellitus (DM) have been performed in Egypt recently, using a common protocol and WHO criteria for diagnosis and classification. Average prevalence for the country as a whole for people above the age of 10 was 4.3%, with distinct geographical differences: 5.7% in urban areas, 4.1% in rural agricultural areas, and 1.5% in rural desert areas. In some secluded villages, DM was almost completely absent. Surveys among younger ages indicate prevalence of 0.01%, 0.06% and 0.14% among children at preparatory, primary and secondary school respectively. A high risk of DM is associated with family history of the disease, obesity, premature atherosclerosis and hypertension. The cost of ambulatory outpatient care for DM in Egypt is one of the lowest for Mediterranean countries. However, the cost of treatment of the various complications of diabetes is higher. The total direct cost of diabetes in Egypt in 1990 has been estimated at US$ 74.3 million, with indirect costs due to absenteeism from work adding a further US$ 11.8 million.
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PMID:Diabetes mellitus in Egypt. 129 73

We have retrospectively studied 814 diabetic outpatients, 407 hypertensives and 407 normotensives. The aim of the study was to investigate on possible associations between macroangiopathic complications (coronary heart disease, peripheral and cerebral arteriopathy) and well recognized risk factors for atherosclerosis. Macroangiopathy was present in 27% of males and 24% of females (p = NS), and in 32% of hypertensives and 18% of normotensives (p < 0.0001). Macroangiopathy associated, in both sexes, with age and duration of diabetes, but did not correlate, instead, with metabolic control, obesity, serum cholesterol and triglycerides. High triglyceride levels were associated strictly with arterial hypertension, in both sexes, but are more elevated in men. Risk factors for atherosclerosis seem not to be simply considered in the same way in diabetic and non diabetic populations.
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PMID:[Arterial hypertension and macroangiopathic complications in a group of diabetic out-patients]. 130 Apr 64


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