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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Measures were made of body image and personality features in patients with anorexia nervosa and obesity. It was hypothesized that obese and anorexic patients would display similar body image disturbances characterized by relative overestimation of body size in comparison with control subjects. Body image was measured by both a distorting photograph technique (a general measure) and a visual size estimation apparatus (for specific body regions). Personality features were assessed by the Eysenck Personality Inventory and a modified version of Rotter's Locus of Control Scale. Results indicated that both obese (N=16) and anorexic (N=18) subjects significantly differed from three control groups (P less than 0.01) in body size estimation on a general measure of body image. A measure of specific body regions did not differentiate between groups. For anorexic and obese patients, body size estimates were significantly correlated with personality features.
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PMID:Body image disturbances in anorexia nervosa and obesity. 98 91

Forty-four patients with strictly defined anorexia nervosa were studied. They were found to come from the higher socio-economic levels and to be the early born of older parents. Their families were of average size, but females were over-represented. Premorbid obesity was uncommon, but over two-thirds had secondary depression. The treatment methods used until 1974 showed no great variation in success. Poor prognosis was most commonly linked to use of purgatives. A new treatment programme involving re-feeding to reach ideal weight and followed by psychotherapy shows encouraging results.
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PMID:Anorexia nervosa: a study of 44 strictly defined cases. 107 Nov 38

Appetite, energy balance and body weight gain are modulated by diverse neurochemical and neuroendocrine signals from different organs in the body and diverse regions in the brain. The hypothalamus plays an important integrative function in this process, acting through a variety of systems that involve a close interaction between nutrients, amines, neuropeptides and hormones. These systems underlie normal nutrient intake and metabolism and are thought to be responsible for shifts in feeding behavior across the circadian cycle and fluctuations relating to gender and age in both rats and humans. Moreover, alterations in these normal neurochemical-neuroendocrine systems may be associated with abnormal eating patterns, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia and obesity. Understanding the systems that control eating behavior might provide a foundation for the treatment and possible prevention of such disorders.
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PMID:Neurochemical-neuroendocrine systems in the brain controlling macronutrient intake and metabolism. 128 49

The endocrine abnormalities along the growth hormone (GH) axis in anorexia nervosa (AN) and in obesity include hypothalamic, pituitary, and peripheral elements. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of these nutritional extremes on GH-binding protein (BP) levels and on Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptors on red blood cells (RBC). Nine patients with AN and 20 obese subjects were compared with normal control children, adolescents, and adults. GH-BP was measured by a binding assay with dextran-coated charcoal separation. IGF-I binding was measured on enriched RBC. Serum GH-BP levels were markedly reduced in the AN patients, and highly increased in the obese. Scatchard analyses showed linear plots with unaltered binding affinities (Ka). The binding capacity (Bmax) was significantly lower than normal control in the AN patients and higher in the obese. GH-BP levels correlated positively with the body mass index (BMI). RBC [125I]IGF-I binding was significantly elevated in the AN patients and low in the obese. Scatchard analyses showed curvilinear plots. The high-affinity constants (Ka1) were slightly, but significantly, higher in the AN patients and in the obese compared with control. The binding capacity of the first binder (Bmax1) was lower in obesity than in AN or control. The low-affinity constants (Ka2) were similar in the three groups, and its binding capacity (Bmax2) was similar in the AN patients and the controls, but significantly lower in the obese. [125I]IGF-I binding correlated negatively and significantly with the BMI and with the GH-BP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The distal axis of growth hormone (GH) in nutritional disorders: GH-binding protein, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and IGF-I receptors in obesity and anorexia nervosa. 131 1

Some patients with eating disorders have neither anorexia nervosa (A.N.) nor bulimia. Cases which do not rigorously meet the DSM-III-R criteria for anorexia nervosa or for bulimia are usually defined as "eating disorders N.O.S." Among them are patients with pathological characteristics very closely related to the above-mentioned categories. Others, however, although affected by an eating disorder, present a quite different clinical picture from either A.N. or bulimia. In a study of 80 eating disorder cases, only 45 met the strict definition of A.N. or bulimia. The other 35 were diagnosed as atypical eating disorders and are the focus of this presentation. 29 were classified as Eating Disorders N.O.S. and 6 as obesity. Co-morbidity, gender and age data, and clinical vignettes are presented.
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PMID:Atypical eating disorders. 139 Jul 97

Animal studies have demonstrated a robust role for the endogenous opioid system in the control of food intake. In humans, selective opioid antagonists such as naloxone, naltrexone, and nalmefene have been shown in some studies to reduce total food intake by up to 30% and to alter food preferences in short-term experimental trials in normal-weight subjects, as well as in obese and bulimic patients. The value of naloxone and naltrexone in the long-term treatment of eating disordered patients, however, must be considered very limited. The published treatment studies do not justify the routine use of naloxone and naltrexone in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome, obesity, bulimia nervosa, or anorexia nervosa because of their unprofitable risk/benefit ratios, although further work, particularly focused on some of the newer antagonists, should be undertaken.
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PMID:Opiate antagonists and eating behavior in humans: a review. 148 43

Although pre-pubertal anorexia nervosa has been well described, pre-pubertal bulimic behaviour in the context of this disorder appears to be uncommon. There have been no published reports of pre-pubertal bulimia nervosa occurring independently. Of 323 patients with bulimia nervosa attending an eating disorders research clinic between 1980 and 1989, the authors identified six patients who described pre-menarchal binge eating in the absence of a concurrent history of anorexia nervosa or massive obesity. Three (0.93%) of these patients described a pre-menarchal onset of bulimia nervosa, but there was no evidence that they were pre-pubertal. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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PMID:Pre-menarchal bulimia nervosa. 156 72

The periodical food intake (discrete meals) demands a control system, which includes signals for hunger and satiety. Satiety and hunger change with the absorptive and postabsorptive state of the delivery of nutrients to the organism. The brain areas involved in the regulation of food intake receive informations from three sources: periphery, environment and memory. Hypothalamic structures and pathways of neurotransmitters are considered especially. Beside these, the limbic structures are mainly responsible for the development of motivated feeding behaviour. Disturbances in the regulation of feeding behaviour are prone to cause obesity and anorexia nervosa.
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PMID:[Neural regulation of food absorption--review]. 159 68

The sequence identity of growth hormone-binding protein (GH-BP) with the extracellular domain of GH receptors raised the possibility that circulating GH-BP might affect the binding of human GH (hGH) to its receptors, and thus, its biological effects. To test this hypothesis, we tested the effects of sera with low GH-BP levels (obtained from prepubertal children, girls with anorexia nervosa [AN], and patients with hepatic cirrhosis), normal control sera, and sera with high GH-BP levels (obtained from obese patients) on hGH binding to its receptors. GH-BP activity in patients' sera was measured by incubation with [125I]hGH and the separation of bound hGH from free hGH with dextran-coated charcoal. The effect of GH-BP was studied by preincubation of patients' sera with increasing concentrations of hGH, followed by incubation with [125I]hGH and a rabbit liver membrane preparation known to be rich in GH receptors, and finally by measuring hGH bound to the receptors. In this study, we report on the ability of GH-BP to reduce the inhibitory capacity (IC50) of hGH on [125I]hGH binding to GH receptors. The concentration of GH-BP in serum is positively correlated with the IC50 of hGH incubated with different sera on [125I]hGH binding to its receptors (n = 21; r = .886, P less than .001). In the presence of high serum GH-BP levels, such as those observed in obesity (20.13% +/- 0.71%/0.05 mL serum), the IC50 values were significantly higher than those obtained with sera containing GH-BP levels lower than those measured in human control subjects, such as from prepubertal children, AN patients, and cirrhotic patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of human growth hormone (GH)-binding protein in human serum on GH binding to rabbit liver membranes. 161 92

We recruited 10 patients with anorexia nervosa and 6 age- and height-matched control subjects. Basal and postprandial concentrations of glucose, insulin, cholesterol, amino acids, gastrin, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were measured in response to a standard mixed meal. The only satiety signal that was significantly different between the anorectic group and the control group was PP (P less than 0.001). Tryptophan-LNAA and tyrosine-LNAA ratios were not significantly different in the two groups; however, there was a trend toward a lower tryptophan-LNAA ratio in the anorectic group. Gastrin concentrations were significantly decreased in the anorectic group (P less than 0.001) as were basal insulin concentrations (P less than 0.05). Decreased gastrin concentrations may play a role in the gastric symptoms associated with anorexia nervosa. Previous findings that PP release is diminished in obesity, together with the present findings of PP increase in anorexia nervosa, suggest that this peptide may play a role in appetite control mechanisms.
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PMID:Potential regulators of feeding behavior in anorexia nervosa. 172 17


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