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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Female virgin BDII/Han rats develop spontaneous endometrial carcinoma (EC) in incidences up to 90%. Our objective was to determine whether lifelong administration of the progestin melengestrol acetate (MGA) would suppress those tumors. Four groups of 20 rats aged 24-28 days were employed Group I animals were untreated controls. Groups II, III, and IV were fed 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg MGA/kg daily in their diet during their lifetimes. All treated groups were free from EC during their lifetimes with an increased lifespan up to 30%. The controls, in contrast, had an EC incidence of 85%. Histologically, with one exception all tumors were classified as adenocarcinoma. While most of the control rats died from EC, nearly all animals of groups II and III died from age-related diseases. Rats in group IV showed side effects due to the glucocorticoid properties of MGA. Besides alopecia and obesity an acceleration of chronic progressive nephrosis was observed. The study establishes the validity of the prophylactic approach to spontaneous hormone-dependent cancers in a rat tumor model.
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PMID:Total suppression of spontaneous endometrial carcinoma in BDII/Han rats by melengestrol acetate. 777 47

107 patients, aged 40 to 87, after surgical intervention with diagnosis of uterine corpus cancer were clinically examined. 68.1 percent of them were 51 to 70 year old women. 20.5 percent had been never pregnant, and 22.47 been pregnant for one time. In 93.2 percent, corpus cancer was revealed after menopause. Among risk factors, there was observed: diabetes mellitus in 7.4%, hypertension in 35.5%, and obesity in 78% of cases. It was stated interdependence between the depth of uterine infiltration, parametrium metaplastic focuses, adnexa metaplastic focuses, cervix infiltration and decrease of adenocarcinoma maturity. The concord between biopsy and clinical stage I degree was stated in 86 percent of cases.
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PMID:[Clinical analysis of patients surgically treated for cancer in the body of the uterus]. 798 21

A case of endometrial ciliated carcinoma mixed with foci of mucinous adenocarcinoma and argyrophil cells is described. The patient suffered from diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity, but had no history of estrogen use. Although the tumor presented well differentiated histologic features, it showed complete diffuse, endophytic extension. Approximately half of the cilia had abnormal inner structures, with 8 + 2 microtubular pattern. Some ciliated cells contained intracytoplasmic mucin, while others contained neurosecretory granules. These findings suggest that malignant ciliated cells have the capacity of further transformation into mucinous or endocrine cells.
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PMID:Ciliated carcinoma of the endometrium associated with mucinous and neuroendocrine differentiation: a case report with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. 805 16

Overweight patients are common in veterinary medicine, just as they are in human medicine. Although animals also suffer from diseases in the general categories of cancer, hypertension, diabetes, and digestive diseases, many of the specific problems of obese humans do not afflict obese pets. Of tumors, only adenocarcinoma of the breast is a significant problem in dogs and cats. Moreover, a high intake of dietary fat and table food has been reported to be protective in adult dogs; in women, increasing dietary fat has been associated with increased breast cancer risk. Two experimental studies in dogs notwithstanding, no published data have been provided suggesting that hypertension accompanies obesity in companion animals currently. Hyperinsulinemia and glucose intolerance has been reported in diabetic obese dogs as well as in humans. Whether or not weight reduction would correct these abnormalities has not been reported. In humans, central distribution of fat may be more pathological than a peripheral distribution, increasing morbidity due to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension. The presence of differences in fat distribution have not been described in companion animals, even though they may influence the risk of obesity-related diseases in pets as well. No studies of investigation of the success of maintenance of the lost weight in client animals exist. Recently reported studies of obese women suggest that maintenance of lost weight may be better maintained with continuous care programs, and support the view that obesity should be treated like other chronic diseases, by providing ongoing care for the rest of the life of the patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Management of obesity--the clinical nutritionist's experience. 808 62

We report 59 patients who were considered candidates for laparoscopically assisted surgical staging (LASS) to manage their clinical stage I adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. Their ages ranged from 40 to 85 years, with a mean of 69; their weights ranged from 102 to 267 pounds, with a mean of 153 pounds. Patients with intraperitoneal disease were taken off study. Laparoscopic pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomies were performed based on the grade of the tumor and the depth of myometrial invasion. Six patients were discovered to have intraperitoneal disease. Of the remaining 53 patients, 29 underwent lymphadenectomy, 1 of whom had positive para-aortic nodes. Of the 24 patients who did not have laparoscopic lymphadenectomy, 2 should have, according to the study criteria; however, obesity precluded this from being performed. Eight patients had grade 3 lesions; of these, 4 lesions had metastasized. The remaining 3 patients with metastatic disease had grade 2 lesions. Complications were related to the laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy and resulted in two laparotomies: one for a transected ureter and the other for a cystotomy. Estimated blood loss was < 200 cc and the average hospital stay was 2.9 days. We feel that LASS is an attractive alternative to the traditional surgical approach in patients with stage I endometrial carcinoma.
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PMID:Laparoscopically assisted surgical staging (LASS) of endometrial cancer. 824 71

Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States, accounting for some 36,000 cases of invasive cancer each year. Hyperplastic lesions of the endometrium follow a continuum, with the risk of progression to carcinoma being related to the severity of the disorder. Risk factors associated with the development of adenocarcinoma include hyperplasia, obesity, menstrual abnormalities, diabetes, hypertension, prior pelvic irradiation, sequential oral contraceptive use, diet, and exogenous estrogen use. There is also some evidence of genetic predisposition, and some data indicating the possibility of specific genetic abnormalities and activation of oncogenes as factors determining the etiology of the disease. At this time there is no accepted screening test for endometrial carcinoma, though the role of immunochemistry techniques for screening and follow-up has just begun to be realized. Dilatation and curettage along with hysteroscopy remain the major means of diagnosis. A variety of prognostic variables including tumor cell type, histologic grade, depth of myometrial invasion, status of peritoneal cytology, presence of disease in preformed vascular spaces, presence of adnexal metastases, and presence of cervical involvement have been defined. Although the treatment plan for each patient must be individualized, the mainstay of treatment remains total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Metastatic and recurrent disease is usually treated with hormonal therapy and systemic chemotherapy. Radiation therapy like surgery in recurrent disease is only applicable for the treatment of local recurrences.
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PMID:Endometrial adenocarcinoma. 840 Apr 24

Endometrial carcinoma is the most frequent malignancy of the female reproductive tract, and irregular vaginal bleeding is its most common symptom. It is most common among postmenopausal women and is associated with obesity, nulliparity, and anovulation. Oral contraceptive (OC) use and tobacco smoking have been reported to protect against it. A 30-year-old nulligravida nulliparous woman presented with menometrorrhagia. She had had normal menses since age 11, she had smoked a pack of cigarettes a day for 15 years, and had been obese since age 15 (weighing 302 pounds). At age 26, she started taking a combination OC containing .1 mg ethynodiol diacetate and 35 mcg ethynyl estradiol (EE). 4 years later she gradually developed menorrhagia which improved upon changing the OC to .3 mg norgestrel and 30 mcg EE. Subsequently she developed early cycle metrorrhagia and was placed on .5 mg norgestrel and 50 mcg EE. She continued having early and midcycle breakthrough bleeding with clots. Physical examination and test results including a PAP smear were normal. She was taken to the emergency department because of continued bleeding. The uterus sounded to 14 cm. Curettings were consistent with grade 1-2, well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. 3 weeks later, she had total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and peritoneal biopsy for cytological examination. The pelvis and the abdomen were free of metastasis. Histological examination revealed a superficially invasive, well-differentiated adenocarcinoma consistent with stage IB, grade 1%. Ploidy analysis uncovered 12.5% tetraploid, with 0% aneuploid or hyperploid cells with 8.5% of the cells in S phase and 21% in the proliferative phase. Both estrogen and progesterone receptors were positive. The ploidy analysis and receptor status were consistent with the low-grade nature of the lesions. Postoperative radiation was not recommended, and the patient was well 6 months postoperatively.
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PMID:Menometrorrhagia in an oral contraceptive user. 842 44

Acanthosis nigricans is a reaction pattern to over a dozen different causes. The skin, most classic in the axilla, is dark, soft, velvet-like with fine folding and papillae. The mechanism of this skin change is decreased viscosity of extracellular matrix (ECM) combined with mechanical extrusion of ECM into papillae extending out from the upper dermis. It occurs in obesity (increased mechanical pressure on ECM), diabetes (decreased quality of glycosaminoglycans) (GAG), excess corticosteroids (decreased quality of GAG), pineal tumors (increased ECM and edema), other endocrine disorders (alterations in the quality of GAG), multiple genetic variants (structural and chemical change), from drugs such as nicotinic acid, estrogens, corticosteroids (weakened or altered GAG) and adenocarcinoma (fractions of depolymerized or altered GAG released from the tumor area are incorporated into and weaken the skin GAG). Acanthosis nigricans was first reported in 1890 as a cutaneous sign of internal malignancy. Acanthosis nigricans presents an opportunity to better understand what is occurring in the ECM in many disorders. The understanding of the association of AN and internal malignancy will expand our understanding of how a neoplasm decreases generalized ECM viscosity.
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PMID:Acanthosis nigricans--decreased extracellular matrix viscosity: cancer, obesity, diabetes, corticosteroids, somatotrophin. 850 93

Primary malignant tumours of the body of the uterus are less common in India compared to carcinoma of the cervix. This study analyzed 86 primary malignant tumours of the body of the uterus over a 5 year period with regard to incidence of the various tumours, age group, gravidity, any predisposing factor, and the incidence of carcinoma of the cervix in the same period. Adeno-carcinomas were found to be the most common type of tumour. Tropho-blastic malignancies and mixed mullerian tumours also formed a significant number of cases. Compared to Western studies our patients with adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and mixed mullerian tumour, were younger. Patients with adeno-carcinomas had a higher parity and patients with choriocarcinoma had a lower parity. Diabetes, hypertension and obesity were not as common as in the West. Carcinoma of the cervix was found to be commoner than primary malignant tumours of the body of the uterus.
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PMID:Primary malignancies of the corpus uteri retrospective five year analysis. 891 71

Carcinoma of the uterine corpus (endometrial cancer) remains the gynecologic malignant disease with the highest annual prevalence in the United States. The most common histologic type is adenocarcinoma, although more aggressive variants (e.g., papillary serous carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma) have been identified. Risk factors that are strongly associated with the development of endometrial cancer include tamoxifen therapy, obesity, and stimulation from unopposed estrogen (from exogenous sources or endogenously secreting ovarian tumors). The current staging system of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics is based on surgical-pathologic findings. Survival has been directly correlated with tumor stage in this staging system. The cornerstone of therapy is total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy may provide additional prognostic information but probably does not confer a therapeutic advantage. Moreover, such nodal dissections predispose to the development of complications, especially in women who subsequently receive pelvic irradiation. Other than surgical treatment, irradiation is the single most active therapy for endometrial carcinoma. In fact, some women who are not candidates for hysterectomy because of medical contra-indications can be cured with radiation alone. Adjuvant therapy following hysterectomy is based on patient- and tumor-related features that provided prognostic information for incidence and pattern of recurrence. Adjuvant treatment usually includes pelvic irradiation for selected patients. Current investigational strategies are directed at the role of whole-abdomen irradiation, extended-field irradiation, and systemic chemotherapy. The most active systemic agents include cisplatin, doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and progestins.
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PMID:Endometrial cancer. 912 4


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