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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

At the Wilford Hall U.S. Air Force Base Medical Center, Texas, about 4000 postmenopausal women received estrogen replacement therapy during 1975. Of these, 2700 took estrogens only and 1240 were given a progestogen along with estrogen. Hysterectomy had been done previously on 1700 patients (42%), leaving 2300 with intact uteri and a risk of endometrial cancer. Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium was diagnosed in 7 patients. Of these, 6 had received estrogen therapy. There was 1 endometrial malignancy in a patient also receiving a progestogen. Among 510 untreated postmenopausal women with intact uteri, 1 adenocarcinoma of the endometrium was found. Type and dosage of estrogen were unrelated to endometrial malignancy. In addition to the 7 endometrial cancers from the clinic, 22 cases were diagnosed elsewhere and referred for treatment, 11 of these had received no hormones. 10 were taking estrogens and 1 was receiving Oracon for birth control. The incidence of endometrial malignancy in the U.S. is reported to be 21/100,000 women/year. There is a 3-fold to 9-fold increased risk of endometrial cancer associated with obesity alone. The probability that untreated postmenopausal women with intact uteri will develop carcinoma of the endometrium is 1/1000/year. With estrogen users, it is reported to be increased -7.6/1000 women/year. In the author's clinic during 1975, the incidence among those receiving only estrogen was 4.7/1000. Among those also receiving a progestogen the incidence was .8/1000. Unopposed estrogens apparently have a role in the etiology of endometria hyperplasia and neoplasia through incomplete shedding of the endometrium. Progesterone produces more complete sloughing of the endometrium and also converts all degrees of hyperplasia into secretory endometrium. Nulliparity, infertility, and anovulation are predisoposing factors to endometrial carcinoma. Progestogens are palliative therapy for endometrial cancer.
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PMID:Estrogens, progestogens and endometrial cancer. 19 79

The jet-wash technique is an efficient method for diagnosing the endometrium carcinoma. Among 750 women we detected 50 endometrium carcinomata all of which were diagnosed by the jet-wash method. Wrongly positive findings do not exist in our series of examinations. Of the pre-stages of the endometrium carcinoma, such as adenomatous hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma in situ, however, only scarcely 50 per cent of all cases were diagnosed. The jet-wash method is also suited for outpatient clinics. Thus, patients with risk-factors for the endometrium carcinoma might be controlled annually once in outpatient clinics in addition to the usual cancer prophylactic examinations. Above all, we consider 1. patients suffering from bleeding anomalies as from the 40th year of age, 2. patients free from any symptoms, but suffering from obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, 3. patients with an increased narcosis risk, 4. patients of the perimeno-pause prior to an estrogen treatment and 5. cancer post-care patients suffering from a primarily radiated endometrium carcinoma. The direct smears and the cytocentrifuge preparations can be diagnosed right on the day of examination. The thrombin cell block technique requires more work for a cytological laboratory. For a histological laboratory it might not mean any additional essential burden.
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PMID:[The diagnostic reliability of the jet-wash technique with regard to the diagnostic of endometrium carcinoma (author's transl)]. 57 Aug 31

The purpose of this study was to ascertain if a relationship exists between the transfer constant of conversion of plasma androstenedione to estrone ([rho]AE1BU) and total body weight or excessive body weight in 50 postmenopausal women, of whom 25 had adenocarcinoma of the endometrium and 25 had no endometrial disease. The [rho]AE1BU ranged from 0.015 to 0.129 in these 50 women. The [rho]AE1BU in the women with endometrial cancer was 0.051 +/- 0.006 (mean +/- S.E.), whereas that in the women with no endometrial disease was 0.039 +/- 0.004. These values are not significantly different (p greater than 0.05). The body weights of these 50 women ranged from 104 to 430 pounds. The weight of the patients with endometrial cancer was 234 +/- 16 pounds (mean +/- S.E.), and that for the women with no endometrial disease was 194 +/- 12 pounds. A statistically significant correlation (p less than 0.001) was found between [rho]AE1BU and body weight and between [rho]AE1BU and excessive body weight in both groups of women. Moreover, obesity and aging appear to act in concert to potentiate the conversion of plasma androstenedione to estrone in extraglandular sites since the [rho]AE1BU is considerably greater among obese postmenopausal women than among comparably obese premenopausal women.
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PMID:Effect of obesity on conversion of plasma androstenedione to estrone in postmenopausal women with and without endometrial cancer. 62 89

Malignant disease of the female reproductive organs accounts for over 11,000 deaths annually in the United States in patients over 65 years of age. Hormonal treatment is being used in some cases in conjunction with more conventional methods of treatment. Synthetic progesterone is used in the palliation of patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. A significant increase in the incidence of ovarian cortical stromal hyperplasia, obesity, diabetes and hypertension is found in these patients. For treatment of carcinoma of the ovary, a massive dose of an experimental progesterone agent, dimethylprogesterone (NSC-123018) is being tested in a group study. The treatment is used only for patients for whom conventional therapy has been unsuccessful. Although a few patients have shown remission, it is too early for conclusive results. Patients with advanced breast cancer and estradiol receptors in their tissue may show a favorable clinical response to hormonal therapy in 40-60% of cases. Patients lacking estrogen receptors have only a minimal chance of responding to hormonal therapy.
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PMID:Geriatric malignancies and their hormonal aspects. 83 Feb 45

Plasma levels of estrone (E1), estradiol-17beta (E2), and estriol (E3), as well as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin were measured in 30 control subjects and in 20 postmenopausal patients with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. Within the sensitivity of the assay (5 to 10 pg.), no E3 was found. Mean levels of E1 and E2 in the patients with carcinoma (42.64+/-3.8 (S.E.M.) and 17.3+/-1.7 (S.E.M.) pg. per mililiter) were significantly higher than those measured in the control subjects (E1=26.97+/-2.4 (S.E.M.) pg. per mililiter, p less than 0.001; E2=12.08+/-1.2 (S.E.M.) pg. per milliliter, p less than 0.02). Effects of age, diabetic status, and obesity were taken into consideration. Significant differences in FSH and marginally significant differences in prolactin levels were observed between the two groups. Mean levels of FSH, LH, and prolactin in the control group and the group with adenocarcinoma, respectively, were as follows: FSH=152.3+/-7.0 (S.E.M.) versus 98.1+/-8.9 (S.E.M.) mI.U. per milliliter, p less than 0.001; LH=64.7+/-3.1 (S.E.M.) versus 66.5+/-5.2 mI.U. per milliliter, difference not significant; and prolactin=14.3+/-0.9 (S.E.M.) versus 17.8+/1.7 (S.E.M.) ng. per milliliter, p less than 0.06. These results, as well as previously reported alterations in human growth hormone secretion, suggest aberrations in hypothalamic function in endometrial carcinoma.
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PMID:Plasma levels of fractionated estrogens and pituitary hormones in endometrial carcinoma. 98 36

Diabetes and obesity were noted in 21.3% and 42.3% respectively of 94 patients with adenocarcinoma corporis uteri. Hypertension and ovarian or mammary neoplasia were also common. Obese and diabetic subjects proved more sensitive to treatment with high doses of medroxyprogesterone acetate. Screening for precancerous states or carcinoma of the endometrium in obese and diabetic women is suggested.
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PMID:[Diabetes, obesity and adenocarcinoma of corpus uteri]. 99 85

To determine the association between the incidence of endometrial cancer and the use of estrogen in menopausal and post-menopausal women, we retrospectively compared 317 patients with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium with an equal number of matched controls having other gynecologic neoplasms; 152 patients used estrogen, as compared to 54 of 317 controls. Thus, the risk of endometrial cancer was 4.5 times greater among women exposed to estrogen therapy. When estrogen use was adjusted for concomitant variables such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, parity, referral pattern, age at diagnosis, year of diagnosis and other gynecologic neoplasms, the magnitude of the increased relative risk was associated with several of these variables, and was highest in patients without obesity and hypertension. Exogenous estrogen therapy is associated with an increased risk of endometrial carcinoma, but this increased relative risk is less apparent in patients with physiologic characteristics previously associated with an increased risk.
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PMID:Association of exogenous estrogen and endometrial carcinoma. 118 89

The Authors examine serum levels of HPRL in basal conditions and after TRH and sulpiride test in 15 patients with endometrial lesions (hyperplasia) and in 15 patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma included in a age range between 44 and 62 years, in which 7 patients present obesity, 10 patients present hypertension and 2 patients are hyperglycemic. The same examination is carried out in a control group of 30 healthy patients. Then the 15 patients with adenocarcinoma and 3 patients with adenomatosa hyperplasia are subjected to surgery and they estimate HPRL levels in endometrium. The results prove that there is no correlation between HPRL plasma levels and endometrium lesions and between endometrium HPRL. The Authors conclude that HPRL does not play a significant role in the pathogenesis of endometrial lesions; use of HPRL plasma levels as a marker of endometrial lesions is not possible.
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PMID:[The role of prolactin in endometrial lesions]. 178 4

A comparison and survival analysis of 203 patients (21%) with adenocarcinoma and 756 (79%) with squamous cell cancer of the cervix for the time period 1970-1985 is reported. The mean number of new cases of adenocarcinoma (N = 12) remained the same, while squamous cell cases decreased from 57 to 32. The clinical features were compared; oral contraceptive usage, node status, diabetes, and symptoms of bleeding were not related to cell type. Nulliparity was more frequent in patients with adenocarcinoma, whereas obesity and smoking were more frequent in patients with squamous cell cancer. Survival in stage I was significantly influenced by the cell type. Patients with stage I squamous cell disease had a 90% 5-year survival, compared with 60% for adenocarcinoma (P less than .0001). Other features that influenced survival included node status (P = .001), poor differentiation of tumor histology (P = .001), diabetes (P = .001), and Papanicolaou smear interval (P = .001). Patients undergoing radical hysterectomy were analyzed separately, and adenocarcinoma cell type significantly influenced survival (P = .0008). Patients with stage II squamous cell disease had a 62% survival, compared with 47% for adenocarcinoma (P = .01); patients with stage III squamous cell disease had a 36% survival, compared with 8% for adenocarcinoma (P = .002). The percentage of adenocarcinoma has increased because of the decreased number of patients with squamous cell disease. Stage-for-stage survival is significantly decreased for patients with adenocarcinoma as opposed to squamous cell disease.
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PMID:A comparison of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. 203 Aug 67

Endometrial carcinoma found in patients younger than 50 years of age were analyzed clinicopathologically in comparison with those of other age groups. The results were 1) Out of 150 patients with endometrial carcinoma, 44 (29.3%) were diagnosed in those younger than 50 years of age and 17(11.3%) were under the age of 40. The average age of endometrial cancer was 53.6 years and that of atypical endometrial hyperplasia was 49.2. 2) The majority of these patients (93.4%) had ever complained of vaginal bleeding, whereas those younger than 40 years of age had in 82.4%. 3) History of irregular menstrual cycle was only observed in 25.6% of the patients with the age 50 or older, whereas it was complained of in 61.5% of those among forties and in 56.3% of those younger than 40. 4) Nulliparity was found in 19.8% among 50 and older, whereas 70.4% and 64.7% were seen respectively in those among forties and younger than 40. 5) Hypertension was found more frequently in older patients, but diabetes mellitus and obesity did not correlate with age. 6) Seventy cases (46.7%) has history of receiving screening for cervical cancer without detecting endometrial cancer. 7) Well differentiated adenocarcinoma (G1) and adenoacanthoma was observed frequently in younger age group. Endometrial hyperplasia was often combined with cancer in young women. Having the data above mentioned, importance of screening for endometrial cancer in younger women is discussed.
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PMID:[Clinicopathological analysis of endometrial carcinoma in young women]. 261 74


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