Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eighteen patients treated with prednisone on alternate days for varying degrees of alopecia areata (AA) were examined a mean of 15 months after discontinuation of the drug. Despite an initial response to the therapy, long-term benefit was not thought to be substantial. Numerous side effects related either to systemic corticosteroids or to AA were apparent during the course of therapy, as well as at the time of the evaluation reported herein. Acne, obesity, lenticular opacities, mild hypertension, and impaired adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) reserve were among the findings noted. Long-term treatment was not accompanied by an obvious beneficial change in the natural course of AA. Because of the potentially serious side effects and the lack of substantial improvement in the eventual course, alternate-day prednisone therapy is not recommended for long-term use in AA.
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PMID:Prednisone therapy for alopecia areata. A follow-up report. 79 Nov 52

A case of advanced cervical carcinoma of the uterus with ectopic adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) syndrome is described. The patient was seen for general malaise 21 months after surgical treatment of the primary lesion whose histology was undifferentiated small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. She had extensive metastases in the liver and the abdominal wall. In addition to the typical clinical manifestations of Cushing's syndrome such as moon face, central obesity and acne vulgaris, hyperglycemia was so severe that she was in a hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma. Endocrinological examinations revealed elevated plasma ACTH and cortisol, and urinary excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and 17-ketosteroids, which were not suppressed by high-dose dexamethasone administration. Based on these clinical and laboratory findings, a diagnosis of ectopic ACTH syndrome was made. Among the results of other endocrinological examinations conducted to find the etiological cause of the hyperglycemic coma, which seemed to be unusual for ectopic ACTH syndrome, the plasma somatostatin level was abnormally high. Metastatic tumors in the liver obtained at the time of autopsy contained large amounts of both ACTH and somatostatin, and gel filtration studies revealed that the peptides produced by the tumor had the molecular sizes of the biologically active forms of the respective peptides. These observations suggest possible involvement of the somatostatin in deteriorating glucose intolerance to develop hyperglycemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma as a drastic disturbance of metabolism.
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PMID:A case of cervical carcinoma of the uterus presenting with hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma as a manifestation of ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome. 164 12

Acne inversa is a recurrent, suppurative disease manifested by abscesses, fistulas, and scarring. Once considered to be a disease of the apocrine glands, it is actually a defect of follicular epithelium. Thus, the term hidradenitis suppurativa is a misnomer and should be abandoned. In cases of familial acne inversa, the pattern of transmission and number of affected individuals are consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance. Aetiological factors such as hyperandrogenism, obesity, smoking and chemical irritants are not consistently associated with the affection. Bacterial involvement is not a primary event in acne inversa, but is secondary to the disease process. Potential complications include dermal contraction, local or systemic infection due to the spread of microorganisms, systemic amyloidosis, arthropathy, and squamous cell carcinoma. As spontaneous resolution is rare and progressive disability is the rule, early definitive surgical intervention is advisable. The surgical procedure of choice in most cases is wide local excision and healing by secondary intention. Pharmacotherapeutic drugs, including synthetic retinoids and antiandrogens, do not prevent progression of the disease.
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PMID:Acne inversa (alias hidradenitis suppurativa). 1184 12

Acne and hirsutism are common findings in girls with juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL). A study on their hormonal status was conducted to investigate the mechanisms underlying these symptoms. Sixteen girls with JNCL entered the study. Ten of the girls had periodic menstruation, while three were given medroxyprogesterone acetate therapy to prevent menstrual bleeding, and three had earlier undergone an ovariectomy. Ten age- and weight-matched healthy girls served as controls. Age at menarche, menstrual cycle length, acne, and hirsutism were assessed. Extensive hormonal laboratory tests were made in the early follicular phase. In addition, 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging of the lower abdomen was performed to search for structural abnormalities of the ovaries. The mean age at menarche in these JNCL patients was 11.6 years. Of the patients with periodic menstruation, four of ten had irregular (prolonged) cycles, but, in patients with regular cycles, the mean ovarian cycle was short (26 days). Hyperandrogenism, characterized by acne, hirsutism and/or hyperandrogenaemia, was found significantly more often in the patients than in the controls (p<0.01). No significant differences were found in the laboratory parameters. Polycystic ovaries were found in two of seven of the patients who menstruated, but in none of the healthy controls. Hyperandrogenism is common in patients with JNCL. In addition, there is an early menarche and signs of anovulation. The factors underlying these hormonal changes seem complex, possibly including a neurodegenerative process, the obesity associated with JNCL, and the drugs used for symptomatic treatment of the patients.
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PMID:Hyperandrogenism in girls with juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. 1237 86

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the absence or presence of acne or hirsutism in 248 women with polycystic ovary syndrome was associated with different clinical, endocrine, metabolic and ultrasonographic factors. Patients were divided into three groups: 96 (38.7%) without any androgenic symptoms; 94 (37.9%) with only hirsutism; and 58 (23.4%) with only acne. The cycle alterations (oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea) and the echographic ovarian morphology (polycystic or multifollicular ovaries) showed no significant differences between the three groups. Hirsutism was associated with a greater incidence of obesity and insulin resistance, with an increase of 17-hydroxyprogesterone, ovarian and adrenal androgens, 3alpha-androstanediol glucuronide, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I and low luteinizing hormone, sex hormone binding globulins and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 levels. Acne was associated only with the lowest 3alpha-androstanediol glucuronide levels. Therefore, two different pathogenetic mechanisms may play a role in the onset of acne and hirsutism.
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PMID:Acne and hirsutism in polycystic ovary syndrome: clinical, endocrine-metabolic and ultrasonographic differences. 1239 56

We report two cases of bilateral papilledema in young women. The first patient was 15 years old and had experienced headaches and vomiting for one month, but no visual loss. Cerebral tomodensitometry results were normal, but lumbar puncture showed increased pressure and normal biology. Benign intracranial hypertension was diagnosed. Recent treatment with minocycline for acne vulgaris was the only etiology. Papilledema was totally regressed at 6 weeks, after interruption of the antibiotic treatment. A prescription of acetazolamide was added for a short period of 10 days. The second patient, aged 29 years, presented bilateral papilledema with severe visual loss, with vision limited to light perception with mydriasis of the right eye. Lumbar puncture was not indicated because of a hypophyseal microadenoma revealed on MRI investigation. No other associated abnormalities were observed, in particular, no cerebral sinus thrombosis. Corticotherapy using prednisolone for 72 hours had no clinical effect. Fast visual recovery was obtained with intravenous acetazolamide therapy and was completely resolved at 2 months. Right visual field defects persisted. Minocycline and obesity are recognized as precipitating factors in pseudotumor cerebri syndrome. The literature advocates consideration of surgical treatment by optic nerve sheath fenestration if antiedematous treatment has no effect and the eye is nearly blind.
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PMID:[Bilateral papilledema in young women: two case reports of benign intracranial hypertension?]. 1247 53

The symptoms typically associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) such as acne, hirsutism, irregular menses, amenorrhoea, obesity and subfertility are a major source of psychological morbidity and can negatively affect quality of life (QoL). We systematically searched the literature to identify the impact of symptoms and treatments for PCOS on health-related QoL (HRQoL) and to report on the types and psychometric properties of the instruments used. Papers were retrieved by systematically searching four electronic databases and hand searching relevant reference lists and bibliographies. Nineteen papers used a standardized questionnaire to measure health status; of these 12 (63.2%) used generic tools and 8 (42%) used the disease-specific PCOS questionnaire. Although a meta-analysis was not possible, it appears that weight concerns have a particular negative impact upon HRQoL, although the role of body mass index in affecting HRQoL scores is inconclusive from the available evidence. Acne is the area least reported upon in terms of its impact upon HRQoL. With the exception of three studies, most of the research has focused upon adult women with PCOS. Despite the benefits of HRQoL measures in research, few are being used to evaluate the outcomes of treatment for PCOS upon the subjective health status of women with the condition.
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PMID:Health-related quality of life measurement in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review. 1790 57

Acne inversa is a chronic inflammatory skin disease featuring cutaneous and subcutaneous nodular inflammation, fistula formation and discharge of foul-smelling secretions. The disease can lead to functional impairment and psychological problems. There is inflammation of the terminal hair follicles in intertriginous regions, especially perianal, axillary and inguinal areas. Less often there is submammary, periumbilical, retroauricular or nuchal involvement. Without treatment the disease is chronic and progressive. The causes of acne inversa are multifactorial and pathogenesis is still not well understood. Besides a positive family history, obesity and cigarette smoking are trigger factors. Early diagnosis and therapy of acne inversa saves the patient years of suffering. The most effective treatment is undoubtedly the radical wide excision of the affected areas. Local measures such as radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy and cryotherapy have provided little benefit; the same is true for systemic antibiotic treatment or hormonal therapy with anti-androgens. TNF-alpha antagonists seem to have a promising influence on the disease. Further studies investigating the effect of these substances on acne inversa are warranted.
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PMID:Acne inversa. 1809 18

Acne vulgaris is a multifactorial disease affecting a majority of the adolescent population. The objective of this study was to test for a correlation between fasting serum lipid profiles and levels of testosterone, insulin, leptin, and interleukin 1-beta (IL-1beta) and the incidence of severe acne vulgaris in obese adolescent females. Four groups of adolescent females were studied: obese with acne, obese without acne, non-obese with acne, and non-obese without acne. Obese females with acne, compared to obese females without acne and non-obese subjects, had significantly higher serum triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein-B (apo-B) (mean +/- SD: 197 +/- 13.7 vs 171 +/- 11.5, 128 +/- 8.3 vs 116 +/- 7.7, 96 +/- 13.7 vs 85 +/- 10.3 mg/dL, respectively) but significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apo-A1 levels (40 +/- 3.3 vs 33 +/- 3.5 and 126 +/- 12 vs 147 +/- 13 mg/dL). Serum testosterone, insulin and leptin levels were significantly higher in obese subjects with or without acne compared to non-obese females with or without acne (3 +/- 0.5 vs 2.1 +/- 0.47, 15.5 +/- 3.3 vs 11.6 +/- 3, 0.9 +/- 0.2 vs 0.6 +/- 0.15 nmol/mL, respectively). Serum IL-1b was significantly elevated in obese and non-obese subjects with acne compared to subjects without acne; in those without acne, these levels were higher in obese than non-obese subjects (2.4 +/- 0.2, 1.4 +/- 0.1 vs 1.8 +/- 0.12 and 1.3 +/- 0.11 pg/mL, respectively). Our results indicate that there is a relationship between obesity (BMI >27) and acne. By early recognition, the etiology and treatment protocol of acne may prevent unwanted conditions.
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PMID:Changes in the hormone and lipid profile of obese adolescent Saudi females with acne vulgaris. 1944 97

Acne inversa is a chronic, recurring acneiform skin disease with inflammation of the follicular epithelium of the sebaceous glands and the terminal hair follicle. It primarily manifests in the intertriginous areas. So far, the aetiology of acne inversa is unknown. Smoking, amongst others, is being discussed and should be evaluated as a possible aetiological factor. In this study a retrospective investigation was carried out in 100 patients with acne inversa. The parameters; age, BMI, sex, weight, height, location of acne inversa, quantity of smoking, smoking behaviour and the date of initial diagnosis of acne inversa were considered. In most cases, the acne inversa is located in the axillary and inguinal areas. Overall, 96% of the 100 patients had a positive, long standing, on average almost 20-year, smoking history. On average, over 20 cigarettes are smoked daily. Over 50% of the patients are overweight. Merely 26.1% fall into the normal weight category. Our results suggest that especially smoking, but also obesity, may present an aetiologically relevant factor in the origin of acne inversa.
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PMID:Smoking and obesity are associated factors in acne inversa: results of a retrospective investigation in 100 patients. 1952 85


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