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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Central adiposity, sometimes described as male pattern fat distribution, is adversely related to cardiovascular risk and mortality independent of other measures of obesity. In a cohort of 511 men aged 30 to 79 years in 1972 to 1974, levels of androstenedione, testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin measured at baseline were inversely related to subsequent central adiposity, estimated 12 years later using the waist-hip circumference ratio. The observed differences in waist-hip ratio between top and bottom tertiles of these hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin were similar to mean waist-hip ratio differences between men with stroke or ischemic heart disease and those without in another prospective study. These findings, consistent with studies suggesting that testosterone seems to mobilize the abdominal depot on males, suggest that "male pattern" fat distribution may be a misleading description for central adiposity, at least, in men. Degree of maleness as indicated by total androgen levels is, in fact, negatively associated with central adiposity. However, the role of sex hormone-binding globulin in regulating androgenic activity warrants further investigation.
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PMID:Lower endogenous androgens predict central adiposity in men. 134 19

To investigate the sex hormone status of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) and to relate this to serum levels of glucose, insulin, lipids and lipoproteins, 90 women with PCO (30 obese: BMI greater than 30 kg/m2; 30 overweight: BMI greater than 25- less than 30 kg/m2; 30 non obese: BMI less than 25 kg/m2) and 60 normal ovulatory women (20 obese; 20 overweight; 20 non obese) were studied. The women with PCO had significantly increased LH, FSH and androgen levels and significantly decreased SHBG levels compared to the normal women. Obese women with PCO had higher concentrations of fasting glucose, fasting insulin, incremental glucose area, incremental insulin area and lipid than overweight and non obese women with PCO and overweight and non obese control subjects, but were similar in obese normal women. There were decreases in high-density lipoproteins levels in both the obese groups (obese PCO and obese control women). Lipid and lipoprotein concentrations did not differ in the obese, overweight and non obese PCO women compared to the normal groups while HDL cholesterol were decreased in obese PCO and obese control women. The correlations between hormone, glucose, insulin, lipid and lipoprotein levels were different among the six groups. Non obese PCO women had: inverse correlations between free testosterone and incremental glucose area (r = -0.5128, P = 0.03); positive correlations between SHBG and alpha-lipoproteins (r = 0.9159, P = 0.001). Non obese normal women had: positive correlations between fasting insulin and total testosterone (r = 0.5272, P = 0.043) and between SHBG and beta-lipoproteins (r = 0.7445, P = 0.014) and LDL cholesterol (r = 0.7360, P = 0.010).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Correlation between hormonal and metabolic profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome]. 149 51

Morbid obesity has been previously shown to be associated with excessive production and metabolism of a variety of androgens and estrogens. Further, SHBG is lowered, resulting in high levels of 'free' testosterone. We have re-examined these parameters in morbidly obese women with upper vs lower body adipose distribution. Upper body obesity was associated with greater increases in production and clearance of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone compared to lower body obesity. Further, SHBG levels were lower resulting in high serum levels of free T and free E2 in this obesity phenotype. By contrast, lower body obesity was associated with increased peripheral aromatization of androstenedione resulting in higher urinary E1 production rates. The biologic significance of these hormonal differences in obesity phenotypes as well as the potential role of the androgen-estrogen environment in determining body fat distribution is considered.
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PMID:Sex hormone metabolism in upper and lower body obesity. 179 30

In order to study the changes in androgen levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), serum androgen levels (testosterone [T], free-testosterone [free-T] and sex-hormone-binding globulin [SHBG]) were measured and related to the incidence of menstrual abnormalities, obesity and hirsutism. Tests were made in 61 cases of PCOS identified by transvaginal ultrasound and in normal controls. The following results were obtained: 1) The PCOS group with menstrual irregularities had significantly higher levels of T and free-T than the control group, but SHBG levels were not significantly altered. 2) The obese group had significantly higher free-T levels than the non-obese group, and SHBG was significantly lowered. 3) There were significant correlations between the levels of obesity and free-T and SHBG. 4) T and free-T were moderately high in the hirsutism group and SHBG was moderately low, but not significantly so. These findings indicate that, in PCOS patients, serum androgen levels, especially free-T and SHBG, are closely related to menstrual irregularities and the level of obesity.
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PMID:[Changes in serum androgen levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome]. 191 82

To investigate the relationship between body fat distribution, sex hormones, and hyperinsulinemia in male obesity, we examined 52 obese men (body mass index [BMI], 35.0 +/- 6.1, mean +/- SD) and 20 normal-weight controls. Their waist to hip circumference ratio (WHR), which was used as an index of fat distribution, was 0.985 +/- 0.052 and 0.913 +/- 0.061 (P less than .005), respectively. Compared with controls, obese men presented significantly lower levels of total (357 +/- 132 v 498 +/- 142 ng/dL; P less than .005) and free testosterone (14.2 +/- 2.9 v 17.1 +/- 2.6 pg/mL; P less than .05) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG; 41.7 +/- 31.9 v 66.2 +/- 18.6 nmol/L; P less than .001) without any significant difference on the other sex steroid or on gonadotropin concentrations. Fasting and glucose-stimulated insulin and C-peptide levels were significantly higher in obese than in controls, and in obese with the WHR value greater than 0.97 (corresponding to the distribution median) than in those with WHR lower or equal to 0.97. BMI was negatively correlated with testosterone (P less than .005), free testosterone (P less than .01), and SHBG (P less than .001) and positively with fasting (P less than .001) and glucose-stimulated (P less than .005) C-peptide concentrations, whereas no relationship was found between these variables and WHR values. On the contrary, WHR was significantly correlated with fasting and post-glucose insulin levels (P less than .05), but not with those of sex steroids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of obesity and body fat distribution on sex hormones and insulin in men. 198 62

This study addresses the relationship between female sex hormones, obesity, body fat distribution, and breast cancer. Increasing obesity correlated with a progressive fall in sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) level and an increase in testosterone level. Premenopausal breast cancer patients were found to have significantly lower levels of SHBG compared with age-matched and weight-matched controls. This difference in SHBG level was not noted in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. The SHBG level decreased with increasing upper body fat localization in breast cancer patients and controls. This effect was more marked in breast cancer patients which may explain our earlier finding that women with upper body fat localization are at increased risk for developing breast cancer.
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PMID:Obesity, body fat distribution, and sex hormones in breast cancer patients. 200 43

Our studies show that obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome are more likely to have hirsutism and menstrual disturbances than are lean women with PCOS. The most obvious biochemical differences between obese and lean women with PCOS is that SHBG concentrations are much lower in women with obesity. The SHBG levels are inversely related to insulin, and insulin has been shown to have a direct inhibitory action on SHBG secretion. Other factors, however, may contribute to the mechanism of the increased prevalence of hirsutism and anovulation in obese women with PCOS, such as a direct effect of insulin or increased activity of 5 alpha-reductase in peripheral tissues. Finally we have been able to show that weight reduction of more than 5% is associated with an improved biochemical profile and, importantly, with restoration of fertility.
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PMID:Obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome. 205 54

The independent associations between overall obesity, body fat distribution, lipids, lipoproteins, glucose, blood pressure and some hormonal factors (sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) and fasting insulin) were cross-sectionally examined in 205 French working women. After adjustment for age, overall adiposity assessed by body mass index (BMI) was significantly associated with most metabolic parameters, whereas regional adiposity assessed by the waist-hip ratio (WHR) was significantly associated only with triglyceride, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Blood pressure, glucose but not triglyceride, were also negatively and significantly correlated with SHBG and positively with fasting insulin. Negative independent associations were found between SHBG and both BMI and WHR, whereas CBG was positively associated only with WHR. Fasting insulin was no longer related to WHR after adjustment for BMI. After controlling for the effect of SHBG or insulin, the associations between triglyceride, blood pressure and both BMI and WHR were not substantially modified. After adjustment for BMI and WHR, fasting insulin was independently associated with both HDL cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure. In conclusion, in these French women, hormonal factors under study appeared to have little influence on the relationships between body fatness, body fat distribution, metabolic variables and blood pressure.
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PMID:Hormonal influences on the relationships between body fatness, body fat distribution, lipids, lipoproteins, glucose and blood pressure in French working women. 210 82

Two hundred and sixty-three women with ultrasound-diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome were studied of whom 91 (35%) were obese (BMI greater than 25 kg/m2). Obese women with PCOS had a greater prevalence of hirsutism (73% compared with 56%) and menstrual disorders than non-obese subjects. Total testosterone and androstenedione concentrations in serum were similar in the two subgroups but SHBG concentrations were significantly lower, and free testosterone levels higher, in obese compared with lean subjects. In addition, concentrations of androsterone glucuronide, a marker of peripheral 5 alpha-reductase activity, were higher in obese than in non-obese women with PCOS. There were no significant correlations of either SHBG or free testosterone with androsterone glucuronide suggesting that obesity has independent effects on transport and on metabolism of androgen. There were no significant differences between the subgroups in either baseline gonadotrophin concentrations or the pulsatile pattern of LH and FSH secretion studied over an 8-h period. There was, however, an inverse correlation of FSH with BMI, but only in the obese subgroup. In conclusion, the increased frequency of hirsutism in obese compared with lean women with PCOS is associated with increased bio-availability of androgens to peripheral tissues and enhanced activity of 5 alpha-reductase in obese subjects. The mechanism underlying the higher prevalence of anovulation in obese women remains unexplained.
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PMID:Differences in clinical and endocrine features between obese and non-obese subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome: an analysis of 263 consecutive cases. 211 67

While there is a general belief that hormone replacement therapy increases the risk of recurrence of breast cancer, there is in fact no hard data to prove this notion. Indirect evidence is provided, however, from observations on the effect of obesity on risk of breast cancer recurrence. This is because obesity is associated in postmenopausal women with increased circulating estrogen levels and obesity is also associated with lower sex hormone binding globulin levels so that the levels of non-SHBG bound estradiol are further increased.
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PMID:The question of estrogen replacement therapy in patients with a prior diagnosis of breast cancer. 183 37


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