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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The influence of age on reflex cardiovascular responses, elicited by orthostatic change and Valsalva's maneuver was studied in 105 healthy volunteers, and the response to cold pressor test in 87 healthy adults. The age range of the subjects was 12 to 79 years old; they were stratified by decades for statistical analysis. Included in this study were only subjects without diseases, as evidenced by anamnesis, physical examination, blood pressure recording, ECG tracings, chest X-Ray and routine laboratory tests. None of subjects showed obesity, the body mass index was between 19.6 +/- 0.9 Kg/m2 in the 10-19 year old group and 25.2 +/- 1.2 Kg/m2 in the 50-59 year old group (mean +/- SE). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) were between 113.6 +/- 4.2 and 64.2 +/- 2.9 mmHg respectively in the 10-19 years old group and 139.8 +/- 5.0 mmHg and 79.5 +/- 3.2 mmHg respectively in the 70-79 years old group (mean +/- SE). Heart rate in supine position varied between 71.2 +/- 3.2 beats/min in the 10-19 years group and 75.8 +/- 3.0 beats/min in the 70-79 years old group (mean +/- SE). Orthostatic response. Change from supine to standing position increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) by 10.0 +/- 1.25 mmHg in the 10-19 years old group; a similar increase occurred up to 40-49 years old group; from that age on, the response became bimodal, the percentage of subjects showing a MAP decrease upon standing, increased from 20% in the 50-59 years old group to 48% in the 70-79 years old group; MAP descents ranged between -5.3 +/- 0.63 and -12.6 +/- 1.37 mmHg (mean +/- SE) and were non symptomatic. The same bimodal pattern of responses was observed in the heart rate. Cold pressor test. In the 10-19 years old group the cold pressor test induced an increase of SBP and DBP of 17.6 +/- 5.0 mmHg and 11.5 +/- 3.5 mmHg (mean +/- SE) respectively, this response remained unchanged up to 40-49 years old age. After 50-59 years old this SBP and DBP increase was reduced by 50% and 63% in the 60-69 and 70-79 years old groups respectively. Return of SBP and DBP to cold prestimulation levels was normal in all studied groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Changes produced by age in cardiovascular reflex responses]. 800 37

In obesity, the systemic resistances (SR) are reduced while the blood volume is increased. The rise of cardiac output (CO), stress-induced, produces an increase in blood pressure (BP), as an hypertensive behavior of the stress-response. The aim of our study is to evaluate if, in obese subjects, the considerable increase of BP is more related to the rise of CO than to the rise of SR. For this reason we studied the behavior of BP through indexes derived from the ratio of SBP values at the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 10th minutes of the recovery by the SBP value at the acme of stress. These indexes are under neurovegetative control, and were shown to be impaired in hypertensive pts. The results of ergometric stress test (EST) of 37 obese subjects (Ob+) (27 males and 10 females, mean age 46.2 +/- 7.3 years), determined according to Lorentz's formula, was compared with the parameters deduced from the EST of 18 normal subjects (Ob-) (13 males and 5 females, mean age 36.7 +/- 8.5). The exercise showed an increase, more pronounced in Ob+ subjects, of SBP and DBP, and this also persisted in the recovery phase. Although BP was significantly higher in the Ob+group, the SBP indexes did not differ in the two groups. Then, from these data it can be deduced that, although during EST in obese subjects there is an absolute increase of BP and this persists in the recovery phase, the behavior of this parameter probably cannot be related to alteration of neurovegetative system as demonstrated by the normal SBP indexes.
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PMID:[Arterial pressure in obese subjects during ergometric stress test and recovery]. 809 Feb 90

Effects of physical training on obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and disorders of glucose metabolism were investigated in 359 males, 30-59 years of age. Body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and fructosamine (FA) were measured before and after the 2 month period of physical training at intensities of about 50% of maximal O2 uptake. Results are summarized as follows; 1. Means of BMI, SBP, DBP, TC and FA after the training were significantly lower than before the training. Mean of HDL-C was significantly higher than before the training. 2. In subjects with high BMI (n = 124), high SBP (n = 129) and high DBP (n = 128), means of BMI, SBP and DBP decreased with increase of training time per week. In subjects with low HDL-C (n = 104), high TC (n = 135) and high FA (n = 66), changes in means of TC, HDL-C and FA after the training did not show a relationship to training time per week. 3. Differences observed for measured values before and after the training of 2-3 hours per week were 0.4 kg/m2 in BMI, 15 mmHg in SBP and 10 mmHg in DBP, suggesting that training of 2-3 hours per week was effective in intervention of obesity and hypertension.
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PMID:[Effect of training fitness on obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and disorders in glucose metabolism]. 811 Oct 85

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is still relatively uncommon in the black population of South Africa. We embarked on a study to determine the prevalence of risk factors leading to CHD in the black population of Durban. The study sample was selected from patients attending a dental clinic at a hospital. A total of 458 Zulus (age range 16-69 years) were studied. The prevalence of CHD was 2.4%. The prevalence percentage of selected risk factors were: hypertension (SBP > or = 140 mmHg and/or a DBP > or = 90 mmHg) was 28%, males 31.9%, females 25.4%; protective levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol/total cholesterol (HDLC/TC) (> or = 20%) were 81.3%; diabetes, males 4.9%, females 2.9%; smoking > or = ten cigarettes per day, males 28.1%, females 3.4%; obesity, males 3.7%, females 22.6%. We have found the Minnesota Coding System for ECG changes of CHD and Rose questionnaire to be unreliable for eliciting CHD in Blacks. Hypercholesterolaemia is less common and this may explain the low incidence of CHD in Blacks. Epidemics of CHD as seen in the Indian, 'mixed' and white South Africans can still be prevented in the black population but preventive measures must be instituted rapidly.
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PMID:Study of risk factors leading to coronary heart disease in urban Zulus. 811 40

The prevalence of predisposing atherosclerotic factors such as obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, smoking and consumption of animal fat in a cohort of all female students in the last class of high schools in Northwestern Greece was studied. A total of 590 students were included in the study. In all subjects body weight and height, SBP and DBP (in sitting position), total cholesterol and triglycerides (after 14 hours of fasting) were measured. Smoking and dietary habits were examined by a questionnaire. The results showed that 41.57% of the students were obese (Quetelet index > 22), 3.12% were considered as hypertensives (SBP > 140 mmHg and/or DBP > 90 mmHg), 14.19% had hypercholesterolaemia (total cholesterol > 5.439 mmol/l (210 mg/dl), 95th percentile in Greece), 4.7% had hypertriglyceridaemia (total triglycerides > 1.423 mmol/l (126 mg/dl) 95th percentile in Greece). Moreover, 22% consumed meat and 24% ate eggs at least four times per week. Only 13% of these students smoked habitually or occasionally. In conclusion, the prevalence of hyperlipidaemia and obesity in our cohort is significantly high and is correlated with nutritional factors. The detection of predisposing atherosclerotic factors in adolescents is of primary importance for early prevention of vascular damage.
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PMID:Atherosclerotic risk factors in female students of northwestern Greece. 811 41

Circulatory system examinations performed on first-grade pupils of junior high schools (12 years old; N = 1,204), identified 105 high-risk pupils with arteriosclerosis-promoting factors. These pupils were consulted on life-style modification, emphasizing nutrition and exercise, and encouraged to practice personal health management and self-monitoring. Reduction and correction of high risk factors were studied in these subjects, based on review of results of health examinations performed regularly up to the time of their graduation. Results are as follows: 1. Averages for obesity grade (for both sexes) in the second and the third years were significantly lower than that in the first year. Based on a general reference value > or = 20%, improvements were observed in 22.5% of males and 50.0% of females. 2. In both sexes average total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) were lower in the second and the third years than in the first year, and a significant increase in HDL cholesterol was seen. With regard to a general reference value > or = 3.0 for AI (Atherogenic Index) calculated using TC and HDL cholesterol, improvements (reduction) were observed in 29.4%, of males and 46.2% of females. 3. While the numbers of subjects with elevated SBP, DBP, GPT, FPG and BUN were few, there were significant decreases in averages in the second and third years compared with those in the first year. Using general reference values, improvements in these risks were seen in 100% for all values except for GPT where 75.0% showed improvement. 4. Comparison of grouped distribution of summed values of examination results between the first year and the third year, showed improvements (reduction and correction of risks) in 69 pupils (65.7%), while 30 pupils (28.6%) remained in the same group with no improvement and 6 pupils (5.7%) turned for the worse, dropping one rank.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Studies on the reduction and correction risk factors for arteriosclerosis in junior high school pupils]. 824 38

Cardiovascular disease is one of the most important public health problems in developed countries. We have studied the epidemiology of the following cardiovascular disease risk factors in a random sample (n = 704) of the adult population of Catalonia (Spain): hypercholesterolemia (> or = 6.1) mmol/l or 240 mg/dl), hypertension (SBP > or = 160 and/or DBP > or = 95 mmHg), low HDL-cholesterol concentrations (< 0.9 mmol/l or 35 mg/dl), hypertriglyceridemia (> 2.8 mmol/l or 250 mg/dl), obesity (BMI > 30), smoking and history of diabetes and coronary heart disease. Two percent of participants had hypertriglyceridemia, 3% had a history of coronary heart disease, 4% a history of diabetes, 6% low HDL-cholesterol concentrations, 12% were obese, 20% had hypertension, 24% had hypercholesterolemia and 36% were smokers. 58% of hypertensive individuals had been previously detected, 46% were currently on treatment, and 21% had their blood pressure controlled (SBP < 160 and DBP < 95 mmHg). Correlation and multiple regression analyses were used to investigate the association between cardiovascular risk factors. Multiple linear regression analysis showed independent correlations between risk factors. Prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, obesity and diabetes was higher and prevalence of smoking was lower in hypertensives than normotensives. The odds ratio was 3.68 (95% CI = 2.07-6.54) for hypercholesterolemia, 3.26 (95% CI = 1.52-7.02) for obesity, 3.81 (95% CI = 1.09-7.02) for diabetes and 0.40 (95% CI = 0.22-0.70) for smoking. The adjusted odds ratio was statistically significant for hypercholesterolemia (OR = 2.74, 95% CI = 1.01-3.75). The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was similar to that observed in other Mediterranean communities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease risk factors in Catalonia (Spain). 824 92

Efficacy and acceptability of perindopril (Coversyl) in general practice were evaluated in 23,460 hypertensive patients (52.9% women) during an open six month trial. Patients had essential mild to moderate hypertension (94 mmHg < supine DBP < 115 mmHg) associated or not with obesity (34%), diabetes (12%), hypercholesterolemia (36%), smoking habits (24%). Mean hypertension duration was 6.5 years, 70 p. cent of patients were 50 to 69 years old and 12 p. cent 70 years old or more. Perindopril was started at 4 mg except in older and patients with renal insufficiency (2 mg). If supine DBP remained > 90 mmHg the dose was doubled up to 8 mg/day, then a thiazide diuretic was added. Monotherapy was held in 90 p. cent of cases all along the study, more than 8 over 10 times at 2 or 4 mg/day. Normalized patients (DBP < or = 90 mmHg) were 69.87 and 95 p. cent respectively at the first, third and sixth month. Mean supine SBP and DBP decrease were 27.3 and 18.0 mmHg. Antihypertensive activity was similar in patients taking psychotrope or non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and in others, as well as in older (> or = 70 years), diabetics and obeses, however with a significantly more frequent bitherapy in these last three sub-groups. Cough, a well known side effect of ACEI led to withdrawal in only 2.6 p. cent of cases. Withdrawals for side-effect were more frequent in older patients (6.1%), in those taking psychotrope (5.3%) or non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (6.0%) than in diabetics (4.1%) or the others (4.1%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Antihypertensive action, clinical and biological acceptability of perindopril: main results in 23,460 patients with mild to moderate hypertension treated for 6 months in general practice]. 848 Sep 86

We analysed the association of body mass index (BMI) with blood pressure (BP) at baseline, whether BMI predicts the incidence of anti-hypertensive drug treatment during a 12-year follow-up and whether this risk is independent of the original BP level and, finally, how diabetes associates with the incidence of anti-hypertensive drug treatment. The study population comprised 15,438 men and women in eastern Finland aged between 30 and 59 years who were not using anti-hypertensive drug treatment during baseline surveys in 1972 and 1977. At baseline BP increased linearly by increasing BMI. The proportion of hypertensive subjects, defined as either DBP > or = 95 mm Hg or SBP > or = 160 mm Hg, was 18% among the leanest men, BMI < 20 kg/m2, but 61% among the most obese, BMI > or = 30 kg/m2. Among women these proportions were 11% and 54%, respectively. Among the normotensive subjects at baseline, the BMI associated risk ratio of the incidence of anti-hypertensive drug treatment, adjusted for age and study year, was 1.14 (per kg/m2; P < 0.001) in men and 1.11 (P < 0.001) in women. After a further adjustment for DBP and SBP at baseline, risk ratios were 1.13 (P < 0.001) and 1.07 (P < 0.001), respectively. Diabetes associated with the risk of anti-hypertensive drug treatment independently from BMI, DBP and SBP. Because BMI correlates with BP cross-sectionally, and it also predicts the future increase in BP independently from the baseline BP, excess weight is undoubtedly one of the most important risk factors for hypertension. Weight control is the most natural primary intervention method in the inter-relation of obesity, hypertension and diabetes and in the prevention of subsequent cardiovascular diseases.
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PMID:Body mass index, blood pressure, diabetes and the risk of anti-hypertensive drug treatment: 12-year follow-up of middle-aged people in eastern Finland. 857 2

In order to elucidate the significance of high normal blood pressure in occupational health care, a 5 year follow up survey was performed on 874 men with normal blood pressure and 225 men with high normal blood pressure. The major results of this survey were as follows. 1) Sixty-seven out of 874 with normal blood pressure (7.7%), and 78 out of 225 with high normal blood pressure (34.6%) became hypertensive in 5 years. 2) High normals started with a higher frequency of obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hyper gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidasemia compared with normal blood pressure at the start of the survey. 3) Logistic regression analysis showed that age, SBP, DBP were risk factors of developing hypertension from normal blood pressure, while only the amount of alcohol drinking applied for high normal blood pressure. 4) Logistic regression showed that high normal blood pressure, drinking, obesity and were significantly related to the development of hypertension. These results suggested that interventive activities for high normal blood pressure should be included in occupational health care because of a high tendency of underlying poor life style and a high risk of getting hypertension.
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PMID:[Significance of high normal blood pressure in occupational health care]. 885 Nov 83


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