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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Risk factors for first nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) in women younger than age 50 years were evaluated in a case-control study of 255 women with MI and 802 controls. The relative risk of MI increased with the amount smoked. The estimated risk of MI for current smokers of 35 or more cigarettes per day was ten times that of women who never smoked; an estimated 65% of MIs were attributable to cigarette smoking. The relative risk of MI increased markedly with increasing levels of total plasma cholesterol and decreasing levels of high-density lipoproteins, and the effects of the two factors appeared to be independent. Other factors significantly associated with MI were hypertension, angina pectoris, diabetes mellitus, blood group A, and a history of MI or stroke before age 60 years in a mother or sibling. Factors not significantly associated with MI were obesity, history of preeclamptic toxemia, and type A personality. Women who were postmenopausal appeared to have a lower risk of MI than premenopausal women of similar ages. Of the identified risk factors, the most prominent was cigarette smoking, a habit that is amenable to change.
JAMA 1983 Nov 25
PMID:Myocardial infarction in women under 50 years of age. 664 58

To quantify the fat distribution pattern in central obesity, truncal (neck, chest, and abdomen) and peripheral (bilateral upper part of the arms, thighs, and lower part of the legs) circumferences of the body were measured in Japanese women. Central obesity index (COI) was calculated as follows: sum of the truncal circumferences divided by sum of the bilateral peripheral circumferences. The mean COI of six women with Cushing's syndrome (1.028 +/- 0.056 [SD] ) far exceeded that of 56 female controls (0.875 +/- 0.054), including 14 obese women (0.877 +/- 0.060) and 13 diabetic women (0.922 +/- 0.028). During the postoperative follow-up of the patients with Cushing's syndrome, the COIs decreased considerably. Because there is no requirement for special instruments or techniques, the measurement of COI is expected to be useful in the screening of Japanese women for Cushing's syndrome and as an indicator of response after treatment.
JAMA 1983 Dec 16
PMID:A body measurement to evaluate the pattern of fat distribution in central obesity. A screening and monitoring technique for Cushing's syndrome. 664 7

Epidemiologic studies in Olympic year 1984 suggest that personal athleticism alters trends in life-style and coronary heart disease. Analysis of 572 first attacks among 16,936 Harvard alumni, 1962 to 1972, and 1,413 total deaths, 1962 to 1978, shows that habitual postcollege exercise, not student sports play, predicts low coronary heart disease risk. Sedentary alumni, even ex-varsity athletes, have high risk. Sedentary students becoming physically active alumni acquire low risk. Exercise benefit is independent of contrary life-style elements--smoking, obesity, weight gain, hypertension, and adverse parental disease history--in affecting coronary heart disease incidence. Hypertension is clinically the strongest predictor of coronary attack, but inadequate exercise is strongest on a community basis. Exercise level is inversely related to total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality but less related to cancer or unnatural deaths. The current exercise revolution may improve life-style, cardiovascular health, and longevity.
JAMA 1984 Jul 27
PMID:A natural history of athleticism and cardiovascular health. 673 39

The geometric mean serum level of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) of 458 persons in a communitywide study was 17.2 microgram/L, with 80% to 90% having levels within the range found in other community groups. As a dependent variable, PCB levels were found to be positively related to age, even when controlled for all other variables associated with PCB level: sex, local fish consumption, obesity, serum cholesterol level, and alcohol consumption. No major point source of PCB contamination was found, and fish taken in the drainage of a major population center had mean PCB levels below the current enforceable Food and Drug Administration tolerance of 5 mg/kg. As an independent variable, serum PCB levels were positively associated with gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase level, serum cholesterol level, and measured blood pressure. The PCB-blood pressure association, which was independent of age, sex, body mass index, and social class, must be confirmed in other exposed populations.
JAMA 1981 Jun 26
PMID:Association of blood pressure and polychlorinated biphenyl levels. 678 63

Cigarette smoking is a potential confounder of the relationship between obesity and mortality, and statistical control for this factor requires careful consideration. Framingham Heart Study subjects were weighed, their stature measured, and cigarette smoking histories obtained at the first biennial examination starting in 1949. Of men under desirable weight (Metropolitan relative weight [MRW], less than 100%), more than 80% were smokers, while only about 55% of the extremely overweight men were cigarette smokers. When age-, smoking-, and MRW-specific mortalities for 26 years of follow-up were calculated in these men, it was found that smokers had higher mortality than nonsmokers but that in the smokers and nonsmokers, minimum mortalities occurred for subjects who were initially in the "desirable weight" group (MRW, 100% to 109%). Among cigarette smokers, lean men (MRW, less than 100%) experienced considerably elevated mortality, often higher than that in all but the most overweight cigarette smokers. These findings suggest that elevated mortality in low-weight American men results from the mortality risks associated with cigarette smoking and demonstrates the need for controlling for cigarette smoking when considering the relationship between relative weight and mortality. Furthermore, the concept of "desirable weight" developed by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co in 1959 and subsequently distributed in tabular form is validated by this long-term study. Thus, even those men who were near the average weight (about 20% above "desirable weight") showed appreciably elevated mortality. This finding is contrary to the widely held view that moderate overweight carries no increased risk.
JAMA
PMID:Cigarette smoking as a confounder of the relationship between relative weight and long-term mortality. The Framingham Heart Study. 683 17

A case-control study conducted within the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project allowed comparison of epidemiologic factors for benign breast diseases (n = 1,404), in situ cancer (n = 199), small (less than or equal to 1 cm) invasive cancer (n = 210), and larger invasive cancer (n = 788). Control subjects consisted of program participants who were not recommended for breast biopsy. Relationships were similar for small and larger invasive tumors, both showing associations with family history of breast cancer, age at first live birth, history of bilateral oophorectomoy, and obesity. In situ cancer was affected by family history and age at first childbirth but not by oophorectomy or obesity. These findings support the notion that "minimal" breast cancer is indeed cancer. In addition, the results suggest that hormonal influences early in life may initiate the carcinogenic process, while those that operate later may enhance the progression from in situ to invasive disease.
JAMA 1983 Jan 28
PMID:Epidemiology of minimal breast cancer. 684 48

Before surgery for obesity, most of 54 morbidly obese patients considered their marriage to be good, although marked problems were higher than for a comparison group. One year later, a majority still rated their marriage as good; many reported better relations with their spouses. Sexual function was enhanced. Three years postoperatively (n=30), the incidence of marital harmony had risen to the same level as for the comparison group and sexual functioning continued to be improved. The divorce rate during the three years, however, was somewhat higher, particularly in those marriages originally found to be troubled before surgery. The implications of these findings for the decision to undertake surgery for obesity are discussed.
JAMA 1982 Mar 12
PMID:Surgery for obesity and marriage quality. 705 30

Hypocycloidal tomograms of the sella turcica and serum prolactin concentrations were obtained in 146 women with amenorrhea, galactorrhea, or both to diagnose prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas. Findings suggesting an adenoma, ie, abnormal tomogram and elevated serum prolactin concentration, were found in 24.6% (16/65) of previously unscreened patients and 59.2% (48/81) of prescreened patients. The combination of an abnormal tomogram and elevated prolactin level was relatively specific for an adenoma, as 91% (42/46) of women with these findings who underwent surgery had histologically confirmed tumors. Tumors occurred in women from 15 to 45 years of age, with amenorrhea or galactorrhea ranging from less than six months to more than 20 years in duration. Some women in this series also had obesity, rapid weight loss, polycystic ovarian syndrome, amenorrhea following discontinuance of oral contraceptive use, or emotional stress.
JAMA 1980 Sep 19
PMID:Prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas. III. Frequency and diagnosis in amenorrhea-galactorrhea. 719 Oct 13

A neurological syndrome characterized by episodes of confusion, slurred speech, and unsteadiness is described in patients who have undergone jejunoileostomy for obesity. This syndrome has been noted in seven of 110 patients studied, although it may be more common. It appears to subside spontaneously or may respond to oral food restriction, with or without intravenous fluid plus vitamins and minerals. Episodes tend to recur in a given patient. Reversible changes in the EEG have been observed. Pertinent clinical and laboratory findings are described but no definite etiologic factor has been identified. The possible mechanisms involved in this syndrome of metabolic encephalopathy following jejunoileostomy are discussed.
JAMA 1981 Aug 28
PMID:Encephalopathy following jejunoileostomy. 725 81

A 52-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis experienced painless spontaneous hemorrhage, tearing, and necrosis of the skin on the lower laternal aspect of both legs. Thereapy with systemic prednisone had been used to suppress active synovitis for almost four years and was associated with moon facies, hirsutism, truncal obesity, thinning of the skin, extensive purpura on the extremities, and other manifestations of hypercortisolism. There was no evidence of rheumatoid vasculitis, trauma, or blood dyscrasia. The leg lesions may represent an exaggerated type of steroid-induced purpura resulting in localized areas of gangrenous skin.
JAMA 1980 Mar 28
PMID:Spontaneous skin tearing during systemic corticosteroid treatment. 735 83


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