Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1496 women age 55 to 74 were studied in an effort to determine heart disease risk factor differences attributed to postmenopausal estrogen (PME) use. 39% of the females reported using estrogen at the time of the study, with peak hormone use in the 55 to 59 year age group. Analysis of the following possible confounding variables, social class, current cigarette smoking, family history of heart attack or diabetes and obesity found that only obesity was statistically significant ( P .001) and thus further analysis of PME use was adjusted for obesity. Results showed average cholesterol level was 9.4 to 20.4 mg/dL lower among PME users compared to nonusers. Although triglyceride level was higher in PME users at all ages it was only statistically significant for women aged 60-69 years. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 2 to 4 mm Hg lower in PME users and the average fasting plasma glucose level was significantly lower in young PME users only. Multivariate Hotellings T statistic was used to test for independence. While the study examined the net cumulative effect of PME use of putative heart disease, it did not examine specific estrogens, dosage or duration of use differences. The authors concluded that further studies are needed before final conclusions can be made regarding the use of PME as a risk factor reducer in heart disease.
JAMA 1979 May 18
PMID:Heart disease risk factors and hormone use in postmenopausal women. 43 Aug 17

We investigated the relation in women of various factors to risk of myocardial infarction, subarachnoid hemorrhage, other strokes, and venous thromboembolism. Smoking significantly increased risk of all four diseases, whereas oral contraceptive use was associated with an increase only in risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage and venous thromboembolism. Use of noncontraceptive estrogens was not associated with increased risk of any of these diseases. Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, gallbladder disease, and nondrinking of alcohol were all associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction, whereas only hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were associated with increased risk of other strokes. Cigarette smoking was overwhelmingly the most important risk factor for vascular disease in women. Smoking should be considered a contraindication to oral contraceptive use, or at the very least, women wishing to use oral contraceptives should be strongly urged not to smoke.
JAMA 1979 Sep 14
PMID:Risk of vascular disease in women. Smoking, oral contraceptives, noncontraceptive estrogens, and other factors. 47 67

The association of sleep apnea with daytime hypersomnolence without obesity, and its potentially lethal cardiopulmonary sequelae, make it crucial that this condition be distinguished from narcolepsy. A patient with retrognathia who had been diagnosed as a narcoleptic for 15 years had the primary complaint of excessive daytime sleepiness. Sleep laboratory evaluation showed severe hypoxemia and a mean of 366 upper airway obstructions per night. The patient was treated with a tracheotomy; this resulted in relief of the sleep-related upper airway obstructions, hypoxemia, and hypersomnolence.
JAMA 1977 Apr 11
PMID:Retrognathia and sleep apnea. A life-threatening condition masquerading as narcolepsy. 57 59

Results of behavioral treatment for obese persons during the first 18 months of clinical operation are presented and other reports in the literature are reviewed. Baseline and follow-up data were gathered from a population of 144 female, chronically obese patients, most of whom were experiencing medical complications associated with obesity. Treatment results were disappointing in comparison with results of similar programs. Difference in patient population groups is offered as a possible explanation for this phenomenon. Covariant analyses of demographic and psychosocial variables failed to yield any clear predictors of weight loss; it is suggested that biological factors may be important to treatment outcome for some overweight patients.
JAMA 1977 Jun 27
PMID:Behavioral treatment of obesity. Limitations and results with the chronically obese. 57 47

Three women, aged 27, 33, and 35 years, experienced recurrent syncope five months after losing 36 to 41 kg using liquid protein diets. No abnormalities were noted during physical examination except in one who was hypothyroid. Serum potassium levels varied between 2.9 and 3.9 mEq/liter. The ECGs demonstrated prominent U waves, QUc prolongation, and ST and T wave abnormalities, with left axis deviation in two patients. Syncopal episodes were due to ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, which were not responsive to conventional antiarrhythmic agents used in two patients. Patients using liquid protein diets may thus experience reversible QUc prolongation giving rise to serious arrhythmias that are probably best treated with drugs that shorten the QTc interval. Caution should be exercised in the use of liquid protein diets for weight reduction in obesity.
JAMA 1978 Jul 14
PMID:Liquid protein diets and torsade de pointes. 66 Aug 27

A retrospective interview study was undertaken of 14 spousal pairs in which one member had undergone the intestinal bypass procedure for massive obesity. Much unanticipated marital discord occurred. Sexual problems were particularly troublesome and affected both members in the spousal pairs. The results point to the role of massive obesity as a selective and stabilizing factor in the marriages of this subset of overweight persons.
JAMA 1978 Aug 04
PMID:Marital changes after intestinal bypass surgery. 66 Aug 89

The natural history of patients with glucose intolerance was observed in 334 patients during a period of 18 years. Glucose tolerance testing (100 g orally) was characterized by measurement of induced insulin secretion. Diabetic complications of retinopathy, sensory neuropathy, and renal disease developed only in the group of patients in whom the induced serum insulin peak fell below 60 mu U/ml. Preservation of an insulin secretory reserve that permitted serum insulin peaks of 60 muU/ml or greater was not associated with development of these complications or symptoms of insulin deficiency despite the presence of an equal degree of fasting hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. A critical amount of insulin secretory reserve distinguishes between two qualitatively distinct clinical syndromes: true diabetes mellitus (the development of signs and symptoms of insulin deficiency) and the syndrome of pure resistance to insulin (signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia in the setting of adequate or excessive insulin secretion, frequently with obesity, but without diabetic complication).
JAMA 1978 Sep 01
PMID:Insulin secretion in the diagnosis of adult-onset diabetes mellitus. 67 27

A patient with liver dysfunction following small-bowel bypass for obesity was treated successfully with intravenous hyperalimentation. The hepatic steatosis and dysfunction were most likely caused by the preferential absorption of carbohydrate in the remaining small bowel, with resulting relative protein starvation. Routine use of high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets postoperatively until weight stabilization has occurred may prevent this complication.
JAMA 1976 Mar 22
PMID:Liver dysfunction following small-bowel bypass for obesity. Nonoperative treatment of fatty metamorphosis with parenteral hyperalimentation. 81 54

Cardiovascular risk factors were assess in 986 women residing in three northern California communities. Women who reported current use of oral contraceptives had higher plasma triglyceride levels and systolic and diastolic blood pressures compared with women not using these agents, after adjusting for age and for the greater relative leannes of oral contraceptive users. Similar increases, albeit of lesser magnitude, were observed in women who used pure estrogens. Mexican-American women appeared to be more susceptible to the effects of estrogens, perhaps as a consequence of their greater degree of obesity.
JAMA 1976 Feb 23
PMID:Cardiovascular risk and use of estrogens or estrogen-progestagen combinations. Stanford three-community study. 94 7

A study was conducted on 7 fertile women (ages 19-44) after end-side jejunoileostomy for obesity. The peak plasma norethindrone (norethisterone) and levonorgestrel (formerly known as d-norgestrel) levels were measured during separate 24-hour norethindrone or levonorgestrel loads using conventional oral contraceptives (OCs). Compared to normal control patients, the intestinal bypass patients had severely reduced mean levels. The levels were 5.0 versus 20.8 ng/ml for norethindrone and the levels were 1.63 versus 4.25 ng/ml for levonorgestrel. Investigation of the patients' sex steroid binding globulin levels showed markedly reduced levels, implying a defective hepatic synthesis of this globulin rather than malabsorption as the most important factor. The data shows a reduced plasma level of OC in patients operated in this way, and OCs cannot be considered safe after intestinal bypass.
JAMA 1976 Dec 20
PMID:Oral contraceptives after intestinal bypass operations. 103 86


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