Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0028738 (nystagmus)
 7,431 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We tested the hypothesis that abnormalities of the abducting eye in internuclear ophthalmoplegia reflect an adaptive process that helps overcome the adduction weakness of the opposite eye. This response operates under the constraints of Hering's law of equal innervation: any attempt to increase the innervation to a weak muscle in one eye must be accompanied by a commensurate increase in innervation to the yoke muscle in the other eye. In 4 patients with internuclear ophthalmoplegia, we patched one eye for 1 to 5 days to allow time for the central nervous system to optimize innervation for the habitually viewing eye. We predicted that there would be a conjugate adjustment of innervation that would diminish the abduction overshoot and backward postsaccadic drift made by the habitually viewing eye. This was the case in 3 of our 4 patients. Our findings show that the abduction nystagmus is a manifestation of a normal adaptive response in some patients with INO.
 ...
PMID:Abduction nystagmus in internuclear ophthalmoplegia. 357 24

Two mechanisms by which patients compensate for congenital nystagmus are assumption of a head position that places the eyes in a "null zone" of least nystagmus, known as nystagmus compensation syndrome (NCS), and convergence to dampen nystagmus, known as nystagmus blockage syndrome (NBS). We followed five patients in two groups who combine these mechanisms. The first group presented with spontaneous alternation between nystagmus and a head turn with orthotropia (NCS), and a large-angle esotropia with a variable head position that persisted even when patched (NBS). The second group of patients presented with a constant large-angle esotropia that lessened their nystagmus and variable head posture (NBS). Following recession of both medial rectus muscles with or without placement of posterior fixation sutures, they developed an abnormal head posture with orthotropia (NCS). The presence of mild amblyopia may contribute to the alternation between the two compensatory mechanisms.
 ...
PMID:The ETHAN syndrome. 381 60

We measured three aspects of vision in children treated for unilateral congenital cataract: visual resolution, the symmetry of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), and peripheral vision. Good visual resolution was achieved by children who had had the earliest treatment and who had had the normal eye patched close to 50% of the waking time throughout early childhood. All children treated for unilateral congenital cataract showed a marked asymmetry of OKN regardless of the age of treatment. One child with early treatment who could be tested with the Goldmann perimeter also showed especially poor sensitivity in the nasal visual field of her aphakic eye. We found no such deficits in the vision of children who had had normal visual experience during early infancy and then later developed cataracts in one or both eyes. The limitations observed in children treated for congenital cataract are similar to those reported in normal human infants, in normal kittens, and in cats which were visually deprived early in life.
 ...
PMID:Effects on perceptual development of visual deprivation during infancy. 395 80

We implanted nine intraocular lenses for the aphakic correction of congenital monocular cataracts in eight children (eight eyes). During follow-up periods ranging from 18 to 50 months in six children, there were no major complications connected to the surgery. Parental cooperation with treatment for amblyopia was satisfactory in all cases. The degree of strabismus, the fixation pattern, and the optokinetic nystagmus responses improved postoperatively in all six. Three children old enough to cooperate during visual testing had visual acuities better than 20/200 and two of these had visual acuities of 20/40. In all six children the sound eye is still patched for three to six hours a day. All six attend regular kindergartens and participate in their normal activities without difficulty.
 ...
PMID:Congenital cataract and intraocular lenses. 661 10