Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0028738 (nystagmus)
 7,431 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The distribution of neuronal elements containing immunoreactive somatostatin (I-SRIF) in the rat central visual pathway was examined by light-microscopic immunocytochemistry. These studies were concerned with the location and morphology of neurons and innervated cells and the distribution of fiber and terminal plexuses in the primary visual cortex (area 17), visual association areas 18 and 18a, the superior colliculus, the lateral geniculate nucleus, and the pretectum. In the superior colliculus, I-SRIF-containing fibers and perikarya were distributed predominantly in the superficial, or visual, layers; these elements were moderately dense and occupied the entire mediolateral extent of these layers. In the intermediate and deep layers, immunoreactive neurons were widely scattered, and fibers were located mainly in the medial third. Immunoreactive cell populations in the superior colliculus included small bipolar neurons with fusiform perikarya and multipolar neurons with round to ovoid perikarya. In the pretectum, the peptide was demonstrable in large and small multipolar neurons of the nucleus of the optic tract and in the posterior and olivary pretectal nuclei. I-SRIF-containing neurons were also present in the nucleus of the posterior commissure, the nucleus of Edinger-Westphal, and the ventral division of the lateral geniculate nucleus. In the visual cortex, the peptide was present in all layers and in a variety of morphologically defined cell populations, including some which are presumed excitatory (pyramidal and bipolar cells) and others which are presumed inhibitory (bitufted and stellate cells). Our data suggest that somatostatin is involved in visual and visuomotor reflex pathways and in the horizontal optokinetic nystagmus reflex pathway. These results provide a foundation for further studies to evaluate the role of this peptide in visual processes.
 ...
PMID:Somatostatin (SRIF)-like immunoreactivity in subcortical and cortical visual centers of the rat. 285

A non-neoplastic syndrome of inappropriate secretion of TSH (ITSHS) was diagnosed in a hemithyroidectomized and clinically euthyroid 44-yr-old man, who also exhibited limping (Perthes' disease), genu valgum, pes supinatus and lateral nystagmus. Computed tomography demonstrated an enlarged sella turcica due to empty sella. Baseline serum T3, T4, free T3, free T4 and TSH fluctuated between 179 and 274 ng/dl, 6.0 and 13.2 micrograms/dl, 4.2 and 6.0 pg/ml, 7.6 and 15.3 pg/ml, and 4.3 and 33.0 microU/ml, respectively. Serum alpha-TSH subunit was repeatedly normal (0.36-0.69 ng/ml) over the follow-up period (greater than 3 yr). No changes in serum liver enzymes and lipids were observed after thyroid hormone administration, whereas red blood cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) and urinary OH-proline were slightly enhanced during 120 micrograms/day L-T3 regimen. This also resulted in an inappropriately normal glucagon-stimulated cAMP levels. Tachycardia was experienced only during L-T3 and very high L-T4 dose treatments. Therefore, the patient showed some evidence for thyroid hormone peripheral refractoriness. Patient's TSH was physiologically responsive to agents (thyrotropin releasing hormone, methimazole, the dopamine antagonists domperidone and sulpiride) known to elicit its release into circulation, while it responded paradoxically to those which normally inhibit TSH secretion. In fact, the infusion of somatostatin (320 micrograms/h) or dopamine (4 micrograms/Kg/min), and the oral administration of bromocriptine or nomifensine (two dopamine agonists) or corticosteroids (dexamethasone) provoked an unexpected elevation of both unstimulated and TRH-stimulated TSH levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Abnormal daily periodicity of serum thyrotropin (TSH) and evidence for defective TSH suppression in a case of non-neoplastic syndrome of inappropriate TSH secretion. 358 59