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Query: UMLS:C0028738 (nystagmus)
 7,431 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sensory integrative therapy was administered to 43 learning disabled children categorized according to their pretherapeutic duration of postrotary nystagmus. The duration then was recorded after relatively short or long treatments. Children displaying initial subnormal nystagmic functioning responded to therapy with increases in duration while others displayed decreases, and these effects were more apparent after long therapy. These data support the claims that learning disabled children can be meaningfully categorized according to their nystagmic responses and that attention to their interoceptive sensory functioning may be of clinical significance.
Percept Mot Skills 1979 Jun
PMID:Nystagmus duration changes of learning disabled children during sensory integrative therapy. 31 52

Neurological and optokinetic measures of cerebellar-vestibular (CV) dysfunctioning were shown to be of significant diagnostic value in differentiating between learning disabled subjects and controls matched for chronological age, sex, handedness, IQ, and background (ns = 35). Although traditionally used electronystagmographic positional and caloric parameters were not similarly discriminating, quantitative measures of vertical nystagmus in various eyes-closed positions appeared to have diagnostic potential and were related significantly to such CV-determined neurological signs as positive monopedal Romberg. As a substantial majority of learning disabled (82.9%) evidenced ADD-like symptoms and since learning disabled subsamples with and without Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) shared similar coexisting symptoms and CV signs, it appeared probable that learning disabilities and ADD were reflections of the same underlying CV determinants.
Percept Mot Skills 1990 Aug
PMID:The diagnostic value of cerebellar-vestibular tests in detecting learning disabilities, dyslexia, and attention deficit disorder. 223 77

Based on supportive evidence, it is proposed in this paper that rapid eye movements during paradoxical sleep actually represent nystagmus, the latter due to the occurrence of conflicting perceptions of bodily position in space. During rapid eye movements in sleep, the brain's perception of bodily position in a dream is opposed to the sensory perception of the dreamer's sleeping position. The split in perception triggers nystagmus, a physiological mechanism known to accompany motion sickness and other waking forms of spatial sense distortion. Supportive evidence from studies on motion sickness, nystagmus, and sleep is presented. A number of experiments are suggested to lend validity to the hypothesis.
Percept Mot Skills 1986 Oct
PMID:Rapid eye movement during sleep considered as nystagmus. 377 65

Of 270 learning disabled children with average intelligence and significant delays in reading comprehension a sample of 37 were evaluated for signs of neurobehavioral dysfunction. All such signs--primitive reflexes, equilibrium reactions, and postrotary nystagmus--were reliably assessed. A subsample of 19 children was compared with developmentally normal and mentally retarded samples for the occurrence of tonic neck reflexes and equilibrium reactions. The learning disabled children consistently showed deviancies like those of the retarded children; both of these groups differed from the normal children on most measures. These deviant responses persisted over a 9-mo. period for the learning disabled group. Compared with norms, the total learning disabled sample displayed hyponystagmus, and this depressed nystagmus persisted for 11 mo. Results are discussed in relation to the lack of correlation among the various signs of neurobehavioral dysfunction in the learning disabled children.
Percept Mot Skills 1985 Dec
PMID:Signs of neurobehavioral dysfunction in a sample of learning disabled children: stability and concurrent validity. 408 79

Deviations from the true vertical on the Rod and Frame Test were studied in relation to optokinetic nystagmus response during varied mental activities in 14 right-handed male college students. Judgment of the vertical was more accurate for 7 subjects whose frequency of optokinetic nystagmus was high or low in both directions than for those 7 whose optokinetic nystagmus frequency was high in one direction and low in the other. Asymmetries in the degree to which subjects' optokinetic nystagmus frequency was raised during periods when they were instructed to perform presumed left-hemisphere mental tasks were related to asymmetries in their Rod and Frame Test performance.
Percept Mot Skills 1981 Apr
PMID:Rate of optokinetic nystagmus to the left and right and performance on the portable Rod and Frame Test. 725 50

This study examined the effects of background field-of-view and depth plane on the oculogyral illusion. Seven subjects viewed a stationary fixation stimulus during the postrotatory interval following a 45-sec constant-velocity chair rotation. The duration of the illusory movement of the fixation stimulus during the postrotatory interval was measured, along with the duration of the illusion of whole-body rotation (known as the somatogyral illusion) and the duration of the subject's slow-phase vestibular nystagmus. Subjects viewed the fixation stimulus by itself in a No-background condition or when surrounded by six background fields formed by the combination of two fields-of-view (35 degrees and 115 degrees) and three depth-planes (near, coplanar, and far). The different background fields inhibited the oculogyral illusion relative to the No-background condition but did not differ statistically from each other. The somatogyral durations better matched the oculogyral ones than did nystagmus decay, especially when a background field was present. These results suggest that the oculogyral illusion is more related to the experience of whole-body rotation than to oculomotor mechanisms and that the inhibitory effect of a background scene is only modestly affected by its field-of-view and depth plane.
Percept Mot Skills 2001 Dec
PMID:Effects of background field-of-view and depth-plane on the oculogyral illusion. 1180 13

Traffic officers stop moving vehicles for probable cause, most frequently a traffic code violation. When an officer approaches the driver of a stopped vehicle, he may note an odor of alcohol or other signs indicating alcohol consumption. In such circumstances, it is the officer's duty to undertake an alcohol investigation. If the driver is asked to get out of the vehicle to perform roadside maneuvers, the performance of the maneuvers, together with the officer's observations and the driver's responses to questions, are the evidence on which an arrest or release decision is based. In some jurisdictions, officers also obtain a measurement of the driver's alcohol level with a Preliminary Breath Test, but not all agencies permit breath tests at road-side or provide the instruments for them. A Standardized Field Sobriety Test battery, which includes Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus, Walk and Turn test, and One-leg Stand test, is widely used. If the driver is arrested, the admissibility of the officer's testimony about them at trial often is challenged. Sobriety tests have been examined in three laboratory studies and five field studies in the United States. Two additional studies were conducted in Finland. To provide an overview of sobriety test research in a single publication, this paper presents the methods and findings of these studies.
Percept Mot Skills 2003 Dec
PMID:An overview of field sobriety test research. 1500 63

Participants with albinism have reduced vision and nystagmus with reduced foveation times. This prospective study evaluated driving in 12 participants with albinism and 12 matched controls. Participants drove a vehicle simulator through a virtual rural course in sunny and foggy conditions. Under sunny conditions, participants with albinism showed a narrower preferred minimum safety boundary during car-following tasks than did controls, but there was no difference under foggy conditions. Their driving did not differ significantly from that of controls when approaching a stop sign or when choosing gap size between oncoming vehicles when crossing an intersection. However, when compared to control drivers, participants with albinism had a decreased minimum safety boundary for car-following that should be included in counseling regarding driving safety.
Percept Mot Skills 2012 Apr
PMID:Use of a driving simulator to assess performance under adverse weather conditions in adults with albinism. 2275 68