Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028738 (nystagmus)
 7,431 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We reviewed the case records and radiographic studies of 41 patients with primary position downbeat nystagmus seen during a 5-year period to investigate whether a relationship existed between dolichoectasia of the vertebrobasilar artery and cases of unknown cause. The cause of downbeat nystagmus could not be determined in 12 cases (29%). Two of these cases had dolichoectasia of the vertebrobasilar artery as the only identifiable abnormality. One other case had a dolichoectatic vertebrobasilar artery, but other potential etiologic factors for the development of downbeat nystagmus were present. Compression of the caudal brain stem by an enlarged and tortuous vertebrobasilar arterial system may be the cause of downbeat nystagmus in some cases unassociated with more commonly recognized causes.
Arch Neurol 1989 Sep
PMID:Downbeat nystagmus associated with dolichoectasia of the vertebrobasilar artery. 237 88

We describe preliminary attempts to fit a mathematical function to the slow-component eye velocity (SCV) over the time course of caloric-induced nystagmus. Initially, we consider a Weibull equation with three parameters. These parameters are estimated by a least-squares procedure to fit digitized SCV data. We present examples of SCV data and fitted curves to show how adjustments in the parameters of the model affect the fitted curve. The best fitting parameters are presented for curves fit to 120 warm caloric responses. The fitting parameters and the efficacy of the fitted curves are compared before and after the SCV data were smoothed to reduce response variability. We also consider a more flexible four-parameter Weibull equation that, for 98% of the smoothed caloric responses, yields fits that describe the data more precisely than a line through the mean. Finally, we consider advantages and problems in fitting the Weibull function to caloric data.
J Speech Hear Res 1989 Sep
PMID:Preliminary evaluation of a Weibull function for fitting slow-component eye velocity over the time course of caloric-induced nystagmus. 277 11

BTX injection has been used for 11 years by 292 ophthalmologists in 8,854 patients aged three months to 90 years in a variety of eye muscle and eyelid disorders. No systemic toxic reaction has occurred, local complications are few, and visual loss has not occurred in any case. In blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm BTX appears to fill an important need, since no other drug is reliably effective and since surgical interventions have substantial side effects. Strabismus cases with active uveitis, hypotony, previous detachment surgery, active thyroid eye disease, and recent paralytic strabismus are often poor candidates for surgical intervention. Some patients in each of these categories were treated effectively and safely by BTX injection. Surgery is clearly the preferred treatment modality in large angle deviations, in chronic paralytic strabismus, in cases where diplopia for a month or two from injection would incapacitate the patient, in nystagmus, in oblique muscle disorders and A-V patterns, where muscles have been misplaced and where restrictions to alignment have been created by disease or prior surgery. Side by side comparisons of surgery and injection in congenital esotropia and in concomitant strabismus of 50 PD or less should result in further clarification of treatment choices as to effectiveness, side effects and cost. BTX is presently available only to clinical investigators using the drug under research protocols.
Ophthalmology 1989 Sep
PMID:Botulinum toxin therapy of eye muscle disorders. Safety and effectiveness. American Academy of Ophthalmology. 277 91

Tryptamine alkaloid toxicosis (Phalaris staggers) was diagnosed in feedlot sheep. Clinical signs of toxicosis, which were exacerbated by excitement, included gait abnormalities, muscular tremors, nystagmus, and convulsions. An estimated 8% of the most severely affected lambs had clinical signs of toxicosis. Gross lesions detected in the brain of affected lambs consisted of focal gray-green discoloration in the brain stem and thalamus; these areas had microscopic evidence of intraneuronal pigment accumulation. Brain specimens obtained at slaughter indicated that 60% of the lambs had lesions consistent with tryptamine alkaloid toxicosis. Tryptamine alkaloids were found in low concentrations in the feed. Lambs exposed to these feeds had higher death losses than those that were not exposed to the feeds. Cobalt concentration in the feed was higher than that previously reported to be associated with Phalaris staggers.
J Am Vet Med Assoc 1989 Sep 15
PMID:Tryptamine alkaloid toxicosis in feedlot sheep. 279 45

A boy with a left-hemispheric cerebellar astrocytoma had upbeat nystagmus exhibiting increasing-velocity slow phases. The nystagmus improved after excision of the tumour.
J Neurol 1989 Sep
PMID:Upbeat nystagmus as an early sign of cerebellar astrocytoma. 279 5

The aim of our study was to define the diagnostic importance of a complete electronystagmographic (ENG) examination (visual-vestibular, vestibular and visual suppression tests on caloric nystagmus) in patients affected by MS. Of 144 patients examined, 116 were definite and 28 possible. Descriptive data of the instrumental findings showed very frequent alterations of one or more subtests: pursuit movements and visual suppression test were especially pathological, in respectively 56% and 58% of the cases; spontaneous and/or evoked nystagmus was present in 45%. A comparison between clinical and instrumental evidence of brainstem/cerebellar involvement indicated that 18% of the definite and 32% of the possible MS cases presented a negative clinical examination with positive instrumental findings. The usefulness of including a comprehensive ENG examination to obtain paraclinical evidence of a second lesion in the CNS in early MS is discussed.
Acta Neurol Scand 1989 Sep
PMID:Electronystagmography in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. 280 Oct 17

Since the initial report of Beyers & Moll (1948), numerous cases of seizures and encephalopathy after pertussis immunization or DPT immunization have been reported. However, acute cerebellar ataxia and/or facial palsy after DPT immunization is unusual, although there have been several reports from Japan. We report a 1-year-11-month-old girl with acute cerebellar ataxia and facial palsy after DPT immunization. On admission, she was alert. She was active and had a 6-day history of an ataxic gait and asymmetric facial movement which had begun 5 hours after DPT immunization. Neurological examination revealed an ataxic gait, horizontal nystagmus and right facial palsy. A CT scan showed low density on the right side of the pons with marked contrast enhancement. A MRI scan indicated the involvement of not only the right side of the pons, but also of the bilateral cerebellar peduncles. The child did well subsequently and was neurologically normal 20 days after the initial symptoms. To our knowledge, the present case is probably the first reported one of acute cerebellar ataxia after DPT immunization with CT and/or MRI correlation.
No To Hattatsu 1989 Sep
PMID:[Acute cerebellar ataxia and facial palsy after DPT immunization]. 280 99

A 15-year-old boy with 18 q-syndrome manifesting a status epilepticus is reported. He has been already diagnosed as epilepsy because of grand mal seizures at six months earlier, and abnormal EEG findings. Unilateral status epilepticus developed at 15 years of age, which were characterized by alternative repetition of horizontal nystagmus to the right and clonic convulsion of the right (mainly upper) extremities every several minutes. Ictal EEG showed continuous 2 Hz high voltage slow waves superimposed by spikes and polyspikes which transformed to localized, irregular spike discharges in the left occipital region at the end of the status. The chromosomal study revealed a partial deletion of the long arm of No. 18. He had severe mental retardation, and a typical karyotype for 18 q-syndrome with reduced prominence of the midface region, short stature and whorls on all finger tips. The immaturity of the brain probably relates to this kind of unilateral status epilepticus.
No To Hattatsu 1989 Sep
PMID:[A case of 18 q-syndrome associated with status epilepticus]. 280

We have reviewed 29 cases of patients who suffered from basilar impression and had undergone hospital treatment since 1969. 12 of these patients were reexamined. The predominant symptoms were lesions of the long tracts while the ,,classical signs" such as headache and nystagmus occurred less frequently than expected. Only a quarter of our patients showed a marked deterioration during follow-up. The outcome for four patients who underwent operation is reported.
Nervenarzt 1989 Sep
PMID:[The clinical picture and course in basilar impression]. 281 57

A 60-year-old man developed periodic alternating nystagmus in association with decreased vision due to cataracts. Prior to surgery, vision was limited to hand motion only in both eyes. An extracapsular cataract extraction with insertion of a posterior chamber intraocular lens was performed in the patient's left eye. On the first postoperative day, vision was 20/60 in the left eye and the nystagmus was absent with both eyes open. Periodic alternating nystagmus that occurs with poor vision is related to a loss of fixation. Surgery aimed at improving the visual status may be effective in extinguishing the nystagmus.
J Clin Neuroophthalmol 1985 Sep
PMID:Periodic alternating nystagmus clearing after cataract surgery. 293 14


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