Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028738 (nystagmus)
 7,431 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Carbamazepine is being used more frequently in the U.S. as an initial agent of choice to treat generalized tonic-clonic, mixed, and partial seizures with complex symptomatology. Carbamazepine is extensively metabolized in the liver; however, there is little information available on its pharmacokinetics in patients following surgery or myocardial infarction, or in those with liver disease. We report a case of a patient who attained toxic carbamazepine serum concentrations (ranging from 18.2 to 21.5 micrograms/mL) two days after cardiothoracic surgery and an intraoperative myocardial infarction, and experienced lethargy, diplopia, dysarthria, diaphoresis, and horizontal and downgaze nystagmus. These alterations in serum carbamazepine concentration normalized ten days after surgery. They may have been due to a combination of changes in protein binding and decreased elimination due to altered intrinsic hepatic clearance. With carbamazepine achieving a more prominent place in anticonvulsant therapy, the influence of various procedures and disease processes on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of carbamazepine, as well as the clinical consequences of such changes, need further investigation.
DICP 1990 Sep
PMID:Toxic carbamazepine concentrations following cardiothoracic surgery and myocardial infarction. 226 Mar 36

Presented are the causes and clinical picture of the compensatory positioning of the head arising in the consequence of ocular changes and changes in the muscles of the neck. The material was divided into 3 groups: 1) with paresis of the ocular muscles (20 cases), 2) caused by nystagmus (20 cases) and 3) torticollis of muscular origin (20 cases). The basis of the differential diagnosis of compensatory positioning of the head of ocular origin and of torticollis of muscular origin as well as the criterion of a cooperation between the ophthalmologist and the orthopaedic surgeon are delineated.
Klin Oczna 1990 Sep
PMID:[Compensatory head positioning as a result of ocular changes or torticollis of muscular origin in children]. 226 51

Two brothers, 31 and 25 years of age, with distal hereditary motor neuropathy (distal HMN) and choroideremia are reported. Their parents were second cousins. During the first decade, their visual acuity gradually diminished with night blindness, accompanied by weakness of the legs. From the third decade, they noticed weakness of the hands. The neurological signs of both cases could be summarized as follows: bilateral pes cavus, Charcot-Marie-Tooth type distal atrophy and weakness of the four limbs, no sensory deficit, hyperreflexia in the upper limbs and knees, absent ankle jerks and plantar reflexes, and severe visual impairment due to choroideremia. In addition to these signs, the younger patient showed nystagmus and limb kinetic ataxia suggesting cerebellar involvement. Muscle biopsies and EMG studies revealed chronic neurogenic changes. MCV's in the median nerves were normal, but the extensor digitorum brevis muscles were totally denervated. SCV's, the amplitude of sensory action potentials and sural nerve biopsies were normal. In both patients, elevated CSF protein without pleocytosis and high level of serum IgA & E were demonstrated. Associations of choroideremia and abnormal laboratory findings as noted in our cases have not been so far reported in distal HMN, but we suppose these disorders may be genetically related.
Rinsho Shinkeigaku 1990 Sep
PMID:[Two siblings of distal hereditary motor neuropathy with choroideremia]. 226 99

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) with central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating lesions has recently been reported to mimic multiple sclerosis (MS). In this paper, a series of patients with CIDP were examined to see if they had CNS involvement. CIDP patients with CNS lesions were then compared to patients with MS with peripheral nervous system (PNS) involvement for similarities. CNS and PNS involvement were detected by clinical symptoms, neurological findings, neuro-otological and neuro-ophthalmological tests, electrophysiological examinations such as electroencephalography, evoked potentials, blink reflex, conventional peripheral nerve conduction studies and electromyography, as well as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). There were 7 of 17 CIDP patients with CNS involvement, but only 2 of 59 MS patients with PNS lesions were found. The rate of CIDP with CNS involvement (41.2%) was higher than that of MS with PNS lesions (3.4%). The CNS signs and symptoms of 7 CIDP patients were not so constant as their PNS symptoms, and consisted of 1 case with optic neuritis, 4 cases with cerebellar atxia and/or nystagmus, and 3 cases with spinal symptoms. These signs and symptoms are all well known in MS. Prolonged latencies on evoked potentials and high signal white matter lesions on T2 weighted MRI, indicating demyelinating CNS lesions were also similar to those found in MS. The CNS involvement in those patients with CIDP was therefore similar in character to those found in MS, but was far less severe than the PNS finding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Rinsho Shinkeigaku 1990 Sep
PMID:[Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy associated with central nervous system involvement--as compared to multiple sclerosis]. 226 2

All mammals with hypopigmentation of the retinal pigment epithelium have abnormal visual systems. Albino mammals have been found to have: (1) reduced numbers of uncrossed optic fibers projecting to all visual centers, (2) disorganization of the pattern (lamination) of the dorsal lateral geniculate nuclei, and (3) disorganization of projections from the dorsal lateral geniculate nuclei to the visual cortex. The disorganization of central visual centers has catastrophic effects on stereovision and optokinetic nystagmus. Variable expression in oculocutaneous albinism suggests that affected individuals cannot always be identified by hypopigmentation, reduced visual acuity and nystagmus. Careful observation of foveal development in individuals even with normal vision is necessary to detect all persons with albinism. The scalp-recorded visually evoked potential designed to detect optic misrouting is the most reliable concomitant for determining albinism.
Ophthalmic Paediatr Genet 1990 Sep
PMID:Visual anomalies associated with albinism. 228 Sep 77

To determine whether equilibrial dysfunction is the cause or effect of idiopathic scoliosis, patients with idiopathic scoliosis, congenital scoliosis, and comparable controls were tested, using clinical postural tests and electronystagmographic recording of spontaneous and positional nystagmus, smooth visual pursuit, and rotation-induced nystagmus. The scoliosis patients were stratified as progressive or nonprogressive. Dysfunctional responses occurred in the idiopathic progressive and congenital progressive groups, and in two idiopathic non-progressive patients whose curves subsequently deteriorated. These results suggest that equilibrial dysfunction is characteristic of patients with progressive curves, regardless of etiology, implying that it is secondary to the curve rather than a primary event. Seven patients with progressive curves undergoing surgical correction and stabilization were tested preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. No change in the responses occurred, suggesting the dysfunction persists at least 6 months following arrest of progression.
J Spinal Disord 1989 Sep
PMID:Equilibrial dysfunction in scoliosis--cause or effect? 252 74

ENG examinations still belong to the basic examinations in the diagnosis of acoustic neurinomas. The decisive finding in small and medium-sized tumours is a peripheral involutional vestibular symptomatology on the side of the lesion: vestibular caloric hyporeflexia to areflexia, possibly associated with spontaneous nystagmus towards the sound side. In large or giant tumours on the ENG tracing other symptoms caused by compression and pressure on the brain stem and flocculonodular part of the cerebellum are found: visual paretic nystagmus (its variant is Bruns-Stewart's nystagmus), rebound nystagmus, high fixation suppression index, ocular dysmetria (over- or undershoot) and delaging of the eyes during fixation of a moving target, compensated by corrective saccades in tests of continuous tracing of ocular movements, which all provide unequivocal evidence of the size of the tumour. In this way 13 small and medium sized tumours were diagnosed, as well as large tumours (above 2 cm in diameter) and giant tumours (above 4 cm in diameter) a total of 34. In this respect ENG findings were consistent with surgical ones and CT and if any CT cisternographic findings with contrasting air filling.
Cesk Otolaryngol 1989 Sep
PMID:[ENG findings in 47 acoustic neurinomas]. 258 11

Changes in optokinetic nystagmus by age were assessed, and preparation of reference values by age was made by the use of the data from 834 reference subjects. As a result, changes by age were observed at the test on optokinetic nystagmus. The reference values by these changes can be approximated with the quadratic and was considered, therefore, to be useful clinically. Four parameters were set for the test items for optokinetic nystagmus as the total number of nystagmus (NYS); the mean of eye velocity during the fast phase of nystagmus (FM); the algebraic summations of eye velocity (VEL) and amplitude (AMP) during the slow phase of nystagmus. As the process for statistical analysis, variables were divided into 7 groups, and after removing outlier (any extraneous data) in each group, changes in variables by age were assessed by the one-way analysis of variance and the method of multiple comparison (Ryan's method). As a result: 1) the age group of each variable seemed to develop into normal distribution; 2) it was presumed that change in NYS by age is less; 3-1) regarding FM, VEL and AMP, no change was observed in the variable by ages on 30s and 40s; and 3-2) however, decrease in the measured value was observed in ages on 60s along with aging. From these, the ages on 50s are the generation when the measured values of optokinetic nystagmus change. On the other hand, the reference values calculated, taking age into consideration, could be approximated with the quadratic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Nihon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho 1989 Sep
PMID:[Aging and reference values of the parameters in optokinetic nystagmus]. 258 10

A 36 years-old man was admitted in September 1987. For 5 years he suffered from 4 recurrent episodes of throbbing headache, tinnitus, nausea, diplopia and divergent strabismus to which a facial palsy was recently added. In all episodes, the symptoms disappeared spontaneously and completely. A neuro-ophthalmological examination at admission disclosed an exotropia of the right eye, gaze paralysis to the left, paralysis of adduction of the left eye and preserved right eye abduction which triggered a rhythmic horizontal nystagmus. The upward and downward gazes and the convergence were well preserved. Moreover, there was a left peripheral facial palsy, and Babinski sign at the right side. Auditory evoked potentials were slowed at the mesencephalopontine transition. CT scan showed a low-density area with no contrast enhancement at the left pontine tegmentum and a left anterolateral atrophy of the pons. CSF examination showed increase in protein content and increase in the IgG content. Additional investigation included a dopplerometry of the cervical arteries, a panangiography and a bidimensional echocardiography which were normal. Diagnosis of one-and-a-half syndrome was made, possibly secondary to multiple sclerosis, and immunossuppressive therapy was initiated.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1989 Sep
PMID:[One-and-a-half syndrome: anatomo-clinical considerations apropos of a case]. 261 17

A wealth of information concerning the caloric test has accumulated since the test was introduced more than eight decades ago. Both convective and nongravity-dependent forces on endolymph are believed to underlie the response at the end-organ level. Higher-order influences are equally important and make the test findings highly dependent on specific test conditions. Slow-component eye velocity is the most widely accepted index of vestibular response, although success using nystagmus beat frequency has also been reported. Both bithermal and monothermal calorization sequences have been studied. Standardization of technique and a consensus on methods of interpretation will be necessary for the determination of the optimal clinical caloric test.
Entechnology 1989 Sep
PMID:The caloric test in electronystagmography. 269 35


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