Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028738 (nystagmus)
 7,431 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ocular myoclonus developed in our 34-year-old patient 4 months after massive brain stem hemorrhage due to eclampsia. On chronic patching of the left eye, the vertical pendular nystagmus in the fixating right eye disappeared, whereas the covered eye was esotropic. While fixating, the left eye showed horizontal pendular nystagmus. With both eyes fixating, the right eye presented markedly vertical pendular nystagmus and the left eye a horizontal pendular nystagmus. It seems that chronic patching of one eye has a beneficial modulating effect on the vertical pendular nystagmus in the fixating eye.
J Clin Neuroophthalmol 1991 Sep
PMID:The effect of chronic one-eye patching on ocular myoclonus. 183 99

Congenital aniridia is generally associated with nystagmus, corneal pannus, cataract, ectopia lentis, glaucoma, macular hypoplasia, optic nerve hypoplasia and compromised visual function. Many theories have been proposed, including a failure in the development of the neural ectoderm and/or an aberrant development of mesoderm. We observed the ERG from 19 patients with congenital aniridia. Fourteen patients had abnormal ERG, including the reduced a wave trough under dark adapted red stimuli with dark adaptation; abnormal a or/and b waves in dark or/and light adapted ERG or abnormal oscillatory potentials. The ERG abnormalities reflected the disturbances either in the outer retina such as photoreceptors or in the structures of inner retina. The preserved visual function and several ocular abnormalities show that the aniridia may be a consequence of several pathogenetic mechanisms. This fact supported the opinion that congenital aniridia would be a concurrent failure of both ectoderm and mesoderm in embryonate development.
Yan Ke Xue Bao 1991 Sep
PMID:Abnormalities of ERG in congenital aniridia. 184 69

Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff psychosis are two facets of the same disease with well-determined cerebral lesions caused by thiamine deficiency. The disease occurs mainly in alcoholics, but other conditions (malabsorption or severe malnutrition) also predispose to the risk of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. The incidence in Denmark is unknown. In the period 1.1.1979-31.12.1988, 24 patients (18 men and six women) were discharged from Rigshospitalet with the diagnosis Wernicke encephalopathy or Korsakoff psychosis. This represents about 0.05% of all admissions in the period. Eighteen out of the 24 cases (75%) were admitted in the past three years (1986-88). The mean age was 55 years. Twenty patients admitted alcohol abuse. The presenting symptoms and the patients' complaints showed great variety and were often related to other alcoholic complications, which could mask the disease. The classic symptom combination: eye movement abnormalities- ataxia and disorders of consciousness were found in seven patients (29%). Sixteen patients had disorders of consciousness or orientation. All the patients were treated with thiamine. The eye-movement disorder has recovered in eight out of ten known cases (80%), nystagmus--in six out of seven cases (86%) while ataxia, disorders of orientation and confabulation recovered in about 50% of cases. The average duration of hospitalisation was 50 days. Altogether nine patients died during the observation period. The condition is most probably underdiagnosed and the traditional diagnostic criteria are considered too rigid. The diagnosis should be considered in alcoholics who present even only one of the classical symptoms and in patients with alcohol dementia. Thiamine should be given on wide indications.
Ugeskr Laeger 1991 Sep 30
PMID:[Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome at the Rikshospitalet in 1979-1988. A retrospective study]. 192 15

Oculocutaneous albinism is defined by the presence of cutaneous and ocular hypopigmentation, the latter associated with nystagmus, iris transillumination, reduced retinal pigment, foveal hypoplasia, and misrouting of the optic fibers at the chiasm. The visual acuity is variable but almost always reduced. We report on two brothers with oculocutaneous albinism and markedly different visual acuity. One brother has a visual acuity of 20/100, while the second has similar cutaneous pigmentation and visual acuity of 20/20 and had not previously been recognized as having oculocutaneous albinism. Both brothers have foveal hypoplasia and misrouting of the optic fibers at the chiasm. Biochemical analysis suggests that this is a tyrosinase-related type of oculocutaneous albinism. This study demonstrates that careful observation of foveal development in relatives with normal vision is necessary to detect all individuals with albinism in a family. A suspected diagnosis of albinism may be confirmed when the visual-evoked potentials show excessive decussation of the optic fibers at the chiasm.
Am J Med Genet 1991 Sep 01
PMID:Variable expression of vision in sibs with albinism. 195 38

A patient with olivopontocerebellar atrophy presented with an asymmetric parkinsonian syndrome consisting of right limb rigidity, bradykinesia, masked facies, and a hypophonic, monotonous voice. Right limb clumsiness suggested corticospinal tract involvement. Gait was slightly wide based, but no other cerebellar or brainstem signs were present. Eye movements were characteristic of parkinsonism with low-gain pursuit and hypometric rightward saccades. Saccadic velocity and the vestibular ocular reflex were within normal limits. There was no pathologic nystagmus or saccadic dysmetria. Magnetic resonance imaging showed cerebellar and lower brainstem atrophy virtually diagnostic of olivopontocerebellar atrophy. Olivopontocerebellar atrophy may present uncommonly with asymmetric parkinsonian features, including parkinsonian eye movement abnormalities.
J Clin Neuroophthalmol 1990 Sep
PMID:Olivopontocerebellar atrophy presenting with hemiparkinsonian ocular motor signs. 214 40

We examined vestibular functions of thirty-one severely retarded children with caloric test and rotation nystagmus test, in combination with auditory brainstem response (ABR) recordings and measurement of brainstem width on cranial CT scans. The laterality of vestibular response was over 20% in most of the bedridden cases and was under 20% who could move. Abnormal findings in ABR had no relationship with the degree of motor disabilities, but decreased width of brainstem on CT scan showed some relationship with the degree of motor disabilities. We conclude that vestibular function tests are useful to predict future motor development in severely retarded children.
No To Hattatsu 1990 Sep
PMID:[Vestibular function in severely retarded children in relation to their motor disabilities]. 222 87

Clinical findings as well as eye and head movement recordings were analyzed from 23 patients with spasmus nutans without central nervous system (CNS) changes, 10 patients with spasmus nutans-like disease (head nodding, intermittent nystagmus associated with intracranial anomalies or visual pathway disorders), and 25 patients with infantile nystagmus. Ten diagnostic signs were established to differentiate between the patient groups. Although they were helpful in separating patients with infantile nystagmus from those with spasmus nutans, no difference was found between the patients with spasmus nutans with and without CNS lesions. This study indicates that eye and head movement recordings do not allow differentiation between benign spasmus nutans and spasmus nutans-like disease. The differentiation must be made on the basis of neuroimaging.
Ophthalmology 1990 Sep
PMID:Signs distinguishing spasmus nutans (with and without central nervous system lesions) from infantile nystagmus. 223 49

A computer program has been designed for the analysis of nystagmus. This program employs a class of nonlinear digital filters called order-statistic (OS) filters. Two OS filters and one linear filter are used. First, the eye-movement signal is smoothed using a predictive finite-impulse response (FIR), median hybrid filter. Then the smoothed signal is processed by a linear band-limited differentiating filter to calculate eye velocity. And finally, the slow-phase velocity (SPV) envelope is extracted from the eye-velocity signal using an adaptive asymmetrically trimmed-mean filter. This approach yields an evenly sampled SPV estimate without resorting to the various interpolation or extrapolation schemes generally used. The adaptive filter estimates SPV based on the local statistical properties of the eye-velocity signal. The adaptive strategy works under the assumption that, on the average, the eyes spend more time in slow-phase than in fast-phase. No assumptions are made about the direction of the nystagmus or the nature of the stimulus used to elicit the nystagmus. This method eliminates all the usual threshold tests and decision logic common to other nystagmus analysis programs. The robust performance of OS filters and the use of adaptive filter structures totally eliminates the need to custom "tune" the program parameters for atypical data sets.
Aviat Space Environ Med 1990 Sep
PMID:A new approach to the analysis of nystagmus: an application for order-statistic filters. 224 55

Characteristic nystagmus similar to the Meniere's attack could be observed after introducing KCl solution into the tympanic cavity of guinea pigs. To confirm the fact that this nystagmus was provoked by the high perilymphatic potassium ion concentration, the K+ activity of perilymph was recorded serially through the K+ specific microelectrode inserted into the scala tympani. The rapid increment of K+ activity reached maximum at 120 minutes after introducing KCl solution, and then it decreased gradually to a half of the maximum activity. However, such change of perilymphatic potassium ion concentration was not observed by introducing sucrose solution as control.
Nihon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho 1990 Sep
PMID:[Serial change of perilymphatic potassium ion concentration in the scala tympani after introducing KCl-solution into the guinea pigs' tympanic cavity]. 225 4

Recurrence of the perilymphatic fistula is not rare and may be a tough problem for surgical treatment. This is because a graft is usually applied on the ruptured window(s) from the middle ear and therefore the perilymphatic pressure directly acts on the graft. The recurrence may be caused by a technical failure, use of an unsuitable graft material, poor postoperative bedrest, trauma, increased inner ear pressure, etc. In our clinic, the recurrence occurred in 7 of 48 cases surgically treated. Vertigo accompanied with spontaneous or positional nystagmus was seen in all 7 recurrent cases, while only 2 of them complained of worsening of the existing hearing loss. Re-operation was carried out in two patients. In the first case, closure of the round window by the previous operation was found incomplete, and the perilymph leaked through the gap around the graft. In the second case, closure of the round window was complete, but perilymph leaked from the oval window. In order to prevent the recurrence, the operation should be carefully performed by using strong and adhesive tissue as a graft material, applying a glue between the graft and the inner ear window(s), and keeping strict postoperative bedrest.
Nihon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho 1990 Sep
PMID:[Recurrence of perilymphatic fistula]. 225 5


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