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Query: UMLS:C0028738 (nystagmus)
 7,431 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

20 children between ages 6 and 15 who suffered from epilepsy classified according to suggestions of International League Against Epilepsy to partial seizures evolving to generalized seizures were tested otoneurologically. The aim of the study was to estimate the frequency and location of vestibular disturbances coexisting with the disease. Subjective and objective (using electronystagmography--ENG--and videonystagmography--VNG) otoneurological study was performed. Dizziness was noted in most cases. Nobody demonstrated normal ENG/VNG recordings and the character of the pathology suggested its central origin. Eye-tracking proof and optokinetic nystagmus (cortical and subcortical) revealed to be most helpful during diagnostic procedures. No correlation between the location of EEG pathological patterns and ENG pathological signs was proved.
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PMID:[Vestibular findings in children's epilepsy]. 1058 59

The authors compare the nystagmus evoked by the caloric test and by two slow and fast optokinetic 'look' stimulations performed in 78 subjects subdivided into two groups and recorded by ENG: group 1 composed of 22 subjects with 'significative' unilateral hyporeflexia and group 2 composed of 56 subjects with important anomalies at the vestibular caloric test. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. the presence of unilateral vestibular hyporeflexia is not exceptional in the child: 22 over 140 cases (15.7%); 2. the comparison between the caloric test and the OKN test in the 22 subjects with significant unilateral hyporeflexia shows: slow and fast TAP homolateral to the side with labyrinthine deficit prevails in ten subjects (45.4%); TAP is inconsistency with respect to the hyporeflexic side (i.e. homolateral in one test and contralateral in the other) in seven cases (31.8%); TAP is contralateral in five cases (22.7%). Within the same group, STAP varies according to cases. 3. In group II, TAP values at the OKN test overlap considerably with respect to the caloric test (18 cases with a total TAP prevailing on the right side, 32.2%; 19 cases with divergent TAP, 33.9%; 19 cases with total TAP prevailing on the left side, 33.9%). 4. The data shown in group 1 with significant vestibular hyporeflexia can be correlated to the time elapsed between the last electronystagmography and that performed soon after disease onset. Since for ENG performed some days after vertigo onset (even though clinical examination is negative) shows a concordance of OKN TAP and the hyporeflexic side (as the mechanisms of central compensation are still being developed) and then when these mechanisms improve with time, an inconsistency of OKN TAP and hyporeflexic side and finally a contralaterality. We might rely on the comparison between OKN TAP and caloric test as a finding of the time distance from the vertigo onset (when unknown) and a rough prognostic sign. The only case of vestibular neuritis by us followed in time seems to confirm our assumption.
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PMID:Compared study of optokinetic and caloric nystagmus in children with unilateral hyporeflexia and other vestibular disorders. 1059 61

Among a population of 200 children, suffering by dizziness that we examined in the ENT department of the G. Gaslini Institute of Genoa, we acquired and checked, through the statistical analysis, the data of an air caloric test (according to the standard stimulation method) performed in 20 children (resulted normal to neurological, ophtalmological and audiovestibuler examinations which included audiometry, tympanometry, spontaneous, positional and positioning nystagmus research, OKN and caloric tests) and subdivided into 10 s sequences. The statistical analysis of the results obtained showed the following: (1) in both cold and warm air caloric test, the response can be obtained already in the stimulation phase, requiring ENG recording to start at the beginning of stimulation; (2) even in children, response culmination occurs in a period ranging from 60 to 90 s from stimulation onset; therefore the Visual Suppression Test should be performed in this period to obtain more significant data; (3) in cold and warm test, considering SSCs, the response is constant and intense up to 130 and 110 s, respectively, from beginning of ENG recording. After these time ranges, the response is less intense and homogeneous, becoming poor and variable. In our opinion, this allows suspension of recording immediately after these periods without the risk of the excluding significant aspects of the response.
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PMID:The air caloric test in children: subdivision and statistical analysis of the response. 1059 62

The aim of this paper was evaluation of vertigo frequency in otosclerotic patients (group I N = 64) in comparison with control group (group II N = 20) and in people after stapedectomy (group III N = 64). Furthermore electronystagmographic recording spontaneous nystagmus, positional nystagmus were made. Computer analyses of ENG-recording and automatic calculation of directional preponderance and canal paresis were used. Vertigo was in 12% otosclerotic patients while in equal of age control group only in 5% subjects. Spontaneous nystagmus in 20% and positional nystagmus in 27% were recorded in otosclerotic patients while that took place in 10% and 15% control group respectively. Asymmetric reaction in-group I was in 21% cases and in 10% subject's in-group II. Real directional preponderance was in 18.8% otosclerotic patient's in-group I and it was absent in-group II. Obtained results revealed existence vestibule disturbances in otosclerotic patients. More frequent labyrinth objective symptoms were registered post stapedectomy. Vertigo in 21%, spontaneous nystagmus in 58%, positional nystagmus in 61%, asymmetric reaction in 48% was noted. Marks of vestibule and organ injury in otosclerosis and post stapedectomy were met. Vestibule disturbances were irritate and inconstant character. It is appears to be needed examination of balance system before stapedectomy in the planning of stapes operation and after operation on stapes. Presence of vestibular symptoms after stapes surgery is not cause less post stapedectomy improvement of hearing but sometimes postoperative improvement of hearing is better for lower frequencies in patients group with vestibular disturbances than in-patients without these symptoms.
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PMID:[Vertigo and objective vestibular symptoms in computer analysis of ENG in otosclerotic patients and after stapes operations]. 1107 Jun 97

In studying the vestibular-oculomotor reflex (VOR) in patients with equilibrium disorders, both active and passive methods are used and at different stimulation frequencies, particularly to evaluate vestibular compensation. The present study compares the sensitivity and specificity of the low-frequency pendular test and the HST in normal subjects and in subjects suffering from various vestibular pathologies but showing no signs of spontaneous nystagmus, even under optimal evaluation conditions (infrared videonystagmoscopy). These spontaneous nystagmus-free subjects underwent a routine study including: case history, infrared videonystagmoscopy (HST with 2 Hz stimulation) and ENG recording (saccadic movement, smooth pursuit, OKN, VOR, VOR-fix during pendular stimulation at 0.05 Hz and VOR after Fitzgerald-Hallpike heat stimulation). On the basis of the results the subjects were classified as follows: normal (N): case history free of any equilibrium disorders and all tests negative (122 cases; 8.1%); peripheral vestibular pathology (P): case history of equilibrium disorders and labyrinthine predominance (LP) in excess of 20% upon caloric testing (716 cases; 47.6%); central pathology (C): case history of equilibrium disorders and at least 3 pathological results from among the following tests: saccadic movement, smooth pursuit, OKN, VOR-fix (226 cases; 15.0%); mixed pathology (M): with both signs of P and C (440 cases; 29.3%). The pendular test showed signs of directional dominance (DP) higher than 10% (normal limit) in 7 cases of N (5.7%), 308 P (43.0%), 33 C (14.6%) and 162 M (36.8%). DP was higher than 10% in 55.2% of the P and M cases with onset less than 1 month before, in 42.8% of those with onset within the year and in 37.2% of those with onset more than a year before. A pathological response to the HST was observed (characterized by a series of at least 3 nystagmus shakes after a maximum latency of 15 seconds) in 0 N (0.0%), 378 P (52.8%), 4 C (1.8%) and 247 M (56.1%). The nystagmus seen was nearly always monophasic (92.5%), biphasic nystagmus was only seen in only a few cases (7.5%); moreover it was predominantly horizontal in nature (94.9%) while it was vertical in only a few of the C cases (5.1%). The HST proved pathological in 46.5% of those pathologies with onset less than 1 month before, in 55.8% of those with onset within the year and in 54.4% of those with onset more than a year before. In 213 of the cases presenting pathological response to the HST there was agreement between VOR DP at the pendular test and the direction of the nystagmus evoked by the HST: 138 P (74.6%), 0 C (0.0%), 75 M (68.2%): moreover there was no agreement in 83 cases. When the DP was lower than 10% at the pendular test, the HST proved pathological in 213 P (52.2%), 3 C (1.6%), 150 M (53.9%). Both tests gave negative results in 112 N (91.8%), 163 P (22.8%), 186 C (82.3%), 123 M (27.9%). In cases of peripheral vestibular deficit (P and M) the sensitivity of the rotoacceleration test was 40.7%, specificity 88.5%. The sensitivity of the HST was 54.1%, specificity 98.8%. The sensitivity of the association using both tests was 75.2%, specificity 85.7%.
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PMID:[Head shaking test and low-frequency rotation-acceleration test: comparison of sensitivity and specificity]. 1128 58

Two hundred and fifteen patients were diagnosed and treated for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of the horizontal canal (BPPV-HC). All patients were tested with conventional positional nystagmus tests lying supine and rotating head for geotropic nystagmus, registered with Frenzels glasses, and in 109 cases with ENG. The walk-rotate-walk (WRW) test, developed by one of us (T.R.) and described in the text, was applied to all patients. The immediate good treatment results with Lempert's maneuver verify the correct diagnosis of BPPV-HC. The WRW test is a more sensitive test for BPPV-HC than earlier positional tests. The unhabituated acute phase of vestibular neuritis shows positive test results and must be eliminated with caloric tests. The WRW test identifies as a dynamic test patients with symptoms of even lesser magnitude, where the compensatory capacity of the equilibrium system suppresses the diagnostic findings with earlier positional horizontal canal tests.
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PMID:Walk-rotate-walk test identifies patients responding to Lempert's maneuver, with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of the horizontal canal. 1137 50

To study the characteristics of human psychophysiological responses to optokinetic stimulus, 30 male medical students were given a series of optokinetic step stimulus (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 deg/sec ) (clockwise). Each stimulus lasted for 20 seconds. Optokinetic nystagmus was recorded on tape. At the same time, the latency and estimated fuzzy magnitude of the illusion were noted down. The nystagmus was analysed with a computer system of ENG and the magnitude of illusion was measured with a fuzzy set model. The results were: 1. Both the slow velocity (SV) and fast velocity (FV) of optokinetic nystagmus increased as stimulus speeded up and reached their peaks at 60 deg/sec, which remained constant from 60 to 120 deg/sec; 2. From 5 to 120 deg/sec, the magnitude of optokinetic illusion increased linearly as stimulus speeded up. Optokinetic illusion and optokinetic nystagmus are human psychophysiological responses to the same optokinetic stimulus, they are different in trend of change, and when optokinetic stimulus is at 60-l20 deg/sec, illusion response is more stable than nystagmus response.
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PMID:Characteristics of nystagmus and illusion evoked by optokinetic stimuli. 1154 Dec 69

Meningioma is the most common intracranial tumour and comprises over half of extramedullar tumours of spinal canal. The causes of meningiomas occurrence are mostly unknown. Genetic factors, hormonal disorders, injuries, viral induction and ionizing radiation may play certain role in its developing. There are several histological types of meningiomas; endothelial or syncytial--the most common form (64%), fibrilplastic--12%, anaplastic--11%, transitory--7%, angioplastic--%, psammoma--3%, angiomatous--1%, warty--very rarely. Authors have presented the case of a 53-year-old farmer treated in the Department of Otolaryngology Medical Academy in Bialystok due to lipoma located behind the ear. The lipoma was removed surgically under local anaesthesia. Post-operative course was uncomplicated. During laryngologic examination sensorineural hearing loss of left ear was established. Broaden audiologic and otoneurologic diagnostics revealed sensorineural hearing loss of left ear ranged between 20 to 80 dB when impedance was normal. Constant latent polydirectional nystagmus, pathologic vibratory test and asymmetric optokinetic nystagmus were confirmed in ENG exam. Magnetic resonance was performed as the central nervous system pathology was suspected. During the exam, 4 tumours of similar morphology located paracerebrally were fond. The tumours were bounded by wide base with dura matter and corresponded to meningiomas. After neurosurgical consultation, the patient was classified to surgical treatment. Frontotemporal dextral craniotomy was performed and partial meningiomas were removed. Post-operative course was uncomplicated. Transiently, narrowed visual field was observed. Audiologic parameters did not undergo change for the worse.
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PMID:[Multiple meningioma in 53 years old woman manifested only by unilateral hearing loss]. 1504 97

Vertebrobasilar insufficiency is described as one of the reasons for tinnitus, especially of patients with degenerative cervical spine lesions showed in radiographic imaging. In this study we present the electronystagmographic results of 76 tinnitus patients in two groups: 56 persons with and 18 persons without degenerative cervical findings. All patients underwent clinical otoneurological, audiological and additionally Doppler sonography of vertebral artery examination. We found incorrect cervical radiography in 76.3% tinnitus patients and pathological vertebral artery blood flow in 20.7%, most frequently in patients with cervical degenerative lesions. Electronystagmographic outcome of vestibular system in tinnitus patients in both groups showed abnormal recordings in positional nystagmus in 51.7% and 27.8% persons, saccadic test in 43.1% and 44.4% persons and in smooth pursuit test in 41.3% and 33.3% persons respectively. There were no significant differences between groups in ENG results. It can suggest central vestibular impairment in these patients. ENG examination, seem to be a useful method in vestibular system evaluation in tinnitus patients. Radiographic imaging of cervical spine is less valuable in these patients.
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PMID:[Electronystagmographic evaluation of vestibular system in tinnitus patients with degenerative cervical spine lesions]. 1530 83

Elektronystagmographic outcome of visual ocular-motor tests (smooth pursuit, optokinetic, saccadic) in 67 healthy subjects in different age were used for quantitative analysis. Three groups were studied: 16 young (29.8 +/- 5.1 year), 38 middle-aged (53.2 +/- 7.6 year) and 13 elderly (73.6 +/- 4.1 year). A four-channel ENG system (version 2,4 Toennies Nystagliner, Germany), with DC-coupled amplifiers, separately for each eye was used. The pursuit target was driven by predictable sinusoidal target with velocity 29 degrees/s, 38 degrees/s, 49 degrees/s and amplitudes of 15 degrees right and left. Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) was performed using both clockwise and counterclockwise stimuli with velocity 28 degrees/s and 37 degrees/s. In saccades test targets moved abruptly 15 degrees left and right of the centre. In all tests several parameters were calculated like: morphology, gain, phase, maximum velocity and preponderance, and in saccadic test, saccade latency, duration and accuracy as well. In smooth pursuit test gain decreased with ageing. The differences between ages group (younger-middle-age and younger-elderly) for each target velocity were statistically significant. In this study with our paradigm task there was not significant evidence that age impacts parameters of optokinetic and saccadic tests. The 95% prediction interval (95 PI) was calculated for all tests parameters. These findings suggest that evaluation of electronystagmography outcome especially the diagnosis of smooth pursuit dysfunction should be quantified by the age of the patient and by the target task.
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PMID:[Electronystagmographic outcome of visual ocular-motor tests in normal individuals of different ages]. 1682 41


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