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Query: UMLS:C0028738 (nystagmus)
 7,431 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To clarify the existence of the vertical component during a caloric nystagmus and the existence of a second phase of the nystagmus, 194 induced incidents of a caloric nystagmus in 29 normal subjects have been analyzed. Each nystagmus episode was recorded by using ENG and an infra-red video camera. The caloric stimuli were given by pouring 5 ml of water at 20 degrees C into the ear at an ear-up position. After irrigation, each subject then assumed a supine or a prone position, with the head bent 30 degrees forward in either position. All recordings contained vertical components that depended on the supine or prone head position and not on the side of the stimulated ear, i.e., an up-beating nystagmus resulted in the supine position and a down-beating nystagmus in the prone position. Further, the vertical component was far stronger in the prone position. In contrast, the horizontal component had larger velocities and was of longer duration in the supine position than in the prone position. When the first phase of the caloric nystagmus ended, the body position was changed 90 degrees, i.e., to a sitting position or a right-ear-down or left-ear-down position. All trials showed a horizontal component during the secondary phase when the head assumed the sitting position. As for the ear-down positions, only when the irrigated ear was moved upwards from the prone position during the secondary phase, an up-beating vertical nystagmus resulted in almost all the trials. These findings suggest that a caloric nystagmus may originate not only from the lateral semicircular canal but also from the vertical canals, and the second phase of a caloric nystagmus may be strongly influenced by the otolithic organs.
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PMID:[The vertical component in a caloric nystagmus and the existence of a second phase of the nystagmus--the possibility of canal otolithic interaction in normal subjects]. 140 29

The aim of the paper was evaluation of behaviour of the balance system in patients with clinical otospongiosis and after stapedectomy. The investigation was carried out in 131 otosclerotic patients. Before and post operation vertigo was noticed and the spontaneous nystagmus, positional nystagmus and directional preponderance in kinetic test were examined in ENG. Vertigo and objective symptoms of disturbance of the vestibular function were found in clinical otospongiosis, but postoperative subjective and objective symptoms were more frequently.
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PMID:[Vertigo in patients with otosclerosis and post stapedectomy]. 140 11

The diagnosis of the vestibular system is expanded by an newly developed system. It offers mainly two additional ways for the examination of eye movements: 1) Time and place independent, telemetric ENG recording by the patient himself. 2) Simultaneous visual examination of the nystagmus and ENG recording in clinic and surgery. The device contains of special, handy ENG recorder with digitalized storing of ENG curves. For easy application, special goggles with pre-installed electrodes have been combined with modified Frenzel's glasses. The recorded curves can be evaluated with the aid of a regular personal computer.
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PMID:"Telemetric" electronystagmography: a new method for examination of nystagmus outside the clinic. 192 22

The symptoms and signs of 38 cases of congenital abnormalities of foramen magnum region have been analysed. Twenty-six cases presented dizziness and dysequilibrium, among them 16 had spontaneous nystagmus. ENG investigation was made systematically in four cases with spontaneous and gaze nystagmus. Ocular dysmetria, decreased intensity of optokinetic nystagmus, abnormal smooth pursuit movement and failure of fixation suppression were observed. Causes of the abnormalities were reviewed. The pathophysiological bases for the changes in ENG were briefly discussed.
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PMID:[Otoneurologic manifestations of congenital abnormalities of foramen magnum region]. 193 Nov 79

In 285 patients, the observed nystagmus during episodes of PPV was compatible with excitation of the posterior semicircular canal. In these cases, divided in two groups, routine ENG recordings were retrospectively reviewed. In Group A (n = 241), the ENG was performed during the time the vertigo could be elicited; in Group B (n = 44), during the time it could not. In Group A: 1) the velocity of positional nystagmus (not the paroxysmal) was less than 6 degrees/s in 93% of cases; 2) there was no statistical difference of positional nystagmus and post-caloric preponderance of opposite directions, with 66% of cases having symmetrical responses; 3) the velocity of positional nystagmus and the post-caloric preponderance were higher than in Group B. It is concluded that: (i) in most cases no concomitant vestibular dysfunction could be detected; (ii) there was a tendency to restore right-left asymmetricity when the episodes subsided; (iii) ENG recordings were not pathognomonic and did not localize the affected side; (iv) there were ENG findings suggestive of concomitant involvement of other vestibular sensors (canals), in a small number of cases.
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PMID:Electronystagmographic (ENG) findings in paroxysmal positional vertigo (PPV) as a sign of vestibular dysfunction. 206 1

The endolymphatic hydrops was induced successfully in 13 guinea pigs by blocking the endolymphatic duct and sac, and the morphological and functional alterations (especially on semicircular canal function) after hydrops were studied by means of ENG, EcochG and serial section techniques. Hydrops in the cochlear duct was evident in the apical and/or near apical turns, especially in earlier stages. Dilation of the saccule was seen in all samples, but was barely noticeable in the utricle and semicircular canal's endolymphatic space. Degeneration in the corti's apparatus, stria vasculi and spiral ganglion occurred late. No evident changes of the sensory components in the saccule, utricle and semicircular canals were seen under the light microscope. The hearing loss in earlier stages of hydrops was evident at lower frequencies: later stages showed effects at all frequencies. The cochlear recruitment and fluctuation phenomena were observed in a few of the operated animals. The value of -SP/CAP in a few animals was significantly after operation. The functional changes of semicircular canals were demonstrated by the semicircular paralysis (CP), directional preponderance (DP), vestibular recruitment (VR) and elevated threshold of nystagmus to angular acceleration stimuli. There was no significant correlation between the degrees of hearing loss and impaired semicircular function. The criteria of ENG elicited by the quantitative angular acceleration stimuli for evaluating the semicircular canal function in guinea pigs is proposed for the first time in our experiment.
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PMID:[Experimental endolymphatic hydrops and its related morphological and functional changes in guinea pigs]. 214 19

ENG examinations still belong to the basic examinations in the diagnosis of acoustic neurinomas. The decisive finding in small and medium-sized tumours is a peripheral involutional vestibular symptomatology on the side of the lesion: vestibular caloric hyporeflexia to areflexia, possibly associated with spontaneous nystagmus towards the sound side. In large or giant tumours on the ENG tracing other symptoms caused by compression and pressure on the brain stem and flocculonodular part of the cerebellum are found: visual paretic nystagmus (its variant is Bruns-Stewart's nystagmus), rebound nystagmus, high fixation suppression index, ocular dysmetria (over- or undershoot) and delaging of the eyes during fixation of a moving target, compensated by corrective saccades in tests of continuous tracing of ocular movements, which all provide unequivocal evidence of the size of the tumour. In this way 13 small and medium sized tumours were diagnosed, as well as large tumours (above 2 cm in diameter) and giant tumours (above 4 cm in diameter) a total of 34. In this respect ENG findings were consistent with surgical ones and CT and if any CT cisternographic findings with contrasting air filling.
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PMID:[ENG findings in 47 acoustic neurinomas]. 258 11

Electronystagmography was used to examine 103 elderly patients complaining of dizziness. This series of tests included tests for pathologic nystagmus, saccades, smooth pursuit, and optokinetic nystagmus, as well as bithermal caloric testing and rotational testing. One or more specific diagnoses were identified in 100 patients (86.2%), with the two most common diagnoses being benign positional vertigo (30 patients, or 25.9%) and cerebrovascular disorders (25 patients, or 21.6%). An abnormality was found on ENG in 75 (65%) of the patients tested, the most common of these being a unilateral hypoexcitability to caloric stimulation. In most cases, the ENG data was used to support a presumptive diagnosis that was based on the patient's history and examination, although in 4 cases ENG provided the critical diagnostic information by identifying decreased caloric and rotational responses in patients with nonspecific dizziness and dysequilibrium.
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PMID:Quantitative vestibular function testing in elderly patients with dizziness. 262 Jun 43

The aim of this work was the results comparison in Proctor-Dix and Fitzgerald-Hallpike tests. The examinations were performed in 22 normal and in 34 patients with vestibular syndromes. In ENG recordings the symetricity was evaluated as well as the feeling of dizziness and vegetative symptoms. The pendular trial was made during the caloric nystagmus in two above mentioned methods. The sinusoidal Proctor-Dix test was more sensible than classic test and easy for patients. In some instances the cold excitation fails to provoke the reaction in sinusoidal test in spite of reaction in classic test. The pendular trial in Proctor-Dix test is difficult to obtain.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of the sinusoidal caloric test]. 264 Apr 97

A controlled, double-blind study was carried out to determine whether nystagmus response to optokinetic or vestibular stimuli might be altered by some agent contained in powdered ginger root (Zingiber officinale). For comparative purposes, the test subjects were examined after medication with ginger root, placebo and with dimenhydrinate. Eye movements were recorded using standard ENG equipment and evaluation was performed by automatic nystagmus analysis. It could be demonstrated that the effect of ginger root did not differ from that found at baseline, or with placebo, i.e. it had no influence on the experimentally induced nystagmus. Dimenhydrinate, on the other hand, was found to cause a reduction in the nystagmus response to caloric, rotatory and optokinetic stimuli. From the present study it can be concluded that neither the vestibular nor the oculomotor system, both of which are of decisive importance in the occurrence of motion sickness, are influenced by ginger. A CNS mechanism, which is characteristic of the conventional anti-motion sickness drugs, can thus be excluded as regards ginger root. It is more likely that any reduction of motion-sickness symptoms derives from the influence of the ginger root agents on the gastric system.
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PMID:The anti-motion sickness mechanism of ginger. A comparative study with placebo and dimenhydrinate. 268 68


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