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Query: UMLS:C0028738 (nystagmus)
 7,431 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new diagram is proposed for the analogous representation of the vestibular reactions to carloric stimulation (calorigram). It provides a centripetal scale for both ears with exchangeable parameters. The response is given by pointers representing both the intensity and direction of the nystagmus. The arrangement facilitates the visual recognition of typical vestibular disorders, and allows the synoptical comparison of follow up-tests. Its usefulness was proved by the application in 1100 caloric examinations, in which the maximal postcaloric frequency of the nystagmus was evaluated from the ENG and recorded in the frequency calorigram.
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PMID:[The frequency-calorigram an analogous representation of the caloric nystagmus reaction]. 13 30

60 young children (3-6 years old) without any history of ear diseases were tested by caloric stimulation (30 degrees C and 44 degrees C). Distribution into the groups "with sedation" and "without sedation" was done following a statistical key. Sedation was achieved by intramusculair injection of Valium, considering age and weight of the subjects. Nystagmus registration was done by ENG. The following quantitative reductions in the observed nystagmus parameters could be shown: number of beats: 19% +/- 5%, maximal angular velocity of the slow phase: 24% +/- 11%, total amplitude: 24% +/- 11%. This experiment shows that Valium can be very well used in the sedation of young children for caloric vestibular testing, a quantitative variation of the response has to be considered.
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PMID:[ENG in infants - a contribution on examination problems (author's transl)]. 13 32

All the interesting parameters of nystagmus-reactions during routine vestibular examination are calculated by a digital computer. The new parameters are plotted in a numerical and graphical way. This histogram figure their temporal distribution comparing reactions of both sides and give information about quantitative and qualitative criterions of the ENG. By correlation of parameters with each other and with further clinical findings their diagnostical value is investigated.
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PMID:[The application of the digital computer in vestibulometry (author's transl)]. 14 83

Rotatory stimulation is a physiological stimulation of the vestibular canalicular organs. In every day's neurootological routine it is applied in sinusoidal, triangular and trapezoidal shape. The rotatory intensity damping test (RIDT) applies a perrotatory and postrotatory test combination of a trapezoidal stimulus pattern. Thus the perrotatory as well as the postrotatory nystagmus can be recorded during several phases of the after phenomena. In terms of acceleration/time plots the supraliminal perrotatory acceleration exhibits a rectangular or step-like stimulus characteristic. The supramaximal postrotatory stimulus however has a needle-like impulse pattern. The nystagmus reaction being recorded by the ENG is evaluated according to frequency or beat-rate distributions. The perrotatory nystagmus can be linearily optimalized in a linear to linear plot during its maximal reactional dynamics. The postrotatory nystagmus distribution can also be linearily graphed in a nomogram. However this nomogram is a log.log intensity/time-chart. This paper clinically compares per- and postrotatory reactions of the rotatory intensity damping test. It can be seen that this test adds important information to the clinical study of the dizzy patient.
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PMID:[Clinical comparison of perrotatory and postrotatory nystagmus characteristics (author's transl)]. 14 30

Analysis of the ENG records of 150 patients with well substantiated neurologic disease involving the structure of the posterior fossa revealed a high incidence of diminished optic fixation inhibition (DOFI) of caloric induced nystagmus. DOFI is defined as less than 50 percent decrease of speed of the slow phase when eyes are open and fixated. The whole group was subdivided into seven subgroups according to type and location of disease and the incidence of DOFI was found to vary significantly in the different subgroups. The highest incidence was found in the group of cerebellar mass lesions and in the group of degenerative diseases, most of which had cerebellar involvement. A review of the literature reveals work done by others showing that suppression of vestibular reflexes induced by high speed turning and also habituation of caloric induced nystagmus is dependent on optic fixation inhibition (opto-vestibular reflex.). It has been shown that the flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum has an inhibitory effect on the effects of vestibular activity by both destructive and stimulating techniques. Afferent and efferent pathways between the cerebellum and primary vestibular reflex arcs have been extensively described. It has been shown that cerebellar nodulectomy severely interferes with acquisition of habituation and retention of previously acquired habituation. Since habituation and suprression of vestibular nystamus depend on optic fixation inhibition and equally on the cerebellum, it is reasonable to infer that the opto-vesitubular inhibitory reflex is mediated by the crebellum. The clinical data of the 150 cases were analyzed for correlation of DOFI and other cerebellar signs. This analysis gives a high incidence of correlation: 66 percent of the cases having DOFI also had other cerebellar signs, whereas only 19 percent of cases that did not have DOFI had other cerebellar signs. These data lend further support to the inference that the cerebellum is involved in mediation of the opto-vestibular inhibitory reflex. Under most circumstances visual perception of the environment during movement depends on an inter-reaction between the vestibulo-oculomotor and the opto-vestibular reflexes. Eye movements during head movements are entirely different with eyes closed than with eyes open and fixating. In fact, it can be shown that ocular fixation is far more efficient during head movements than it is during movement of an object with head stationary. It is probable that fixation in the former case is the result of vestibulo-oculomotor slow phase activity modified by the opto-vestibular inhibitory reflex and elimination of the fast phase. A defect in the latter should result in a sense of spatial insecurity during movement by virtue of altered visual perception. The opto-vestibular inhibitory reflex is a central descending reflex probably mediated through the cerebellum. It is easy to test during and ENG. It is essential to normal visual perception during head movement...
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PMID:ENG analysis of 150 cases of posterior fossa disease. 30 Jan 37

We wanted to ascertain whether a physiological horizontal vestibular spontaneous nystagmus is existent, or whether the spontaneous and positional nystagmus seen in clinically healthy persons in the electronystagmogram -- when fixation had been excluded completely -- was always the result of earlier damages to the vestibular system (Jatho). For this purpose we tried to detect a spontaneous and positional nystagmus in 102 healthy persons from 6 age groups (17 each) between 11 and 70 years of age. When the ENG was registered with open eyes in darkness, 63 out of the 102 test persons had a horizontal spontaneous or positional nystagmus, however, under the Frenzel glasses there was a nystagmus in only 2 out of these test persons. With open eyes in darkness, the frequency and intensity was the same in all age groups. With this, we believe to have proved that a physiological horizontal vestibular nystagmus does exist. We share Kornhuber's opinion that the examination with the Frenzel glasses in a dark room, together with the head shaking test and positional test, at the present time represents the best method for differentiating between physiological and pathological spontaneous nystagmus.
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PMID:Spontaneous and positional nystagmus in healthy persons demonstrated only by electronystagmography: physiological spontaneous nystagmus or "functional scar"? 30 84

125 patients suffering from otosclerosis underwent oto-neurological investigations preoperatively and again daily from the second to sixth day postoperatively. An abnormal ENG in the form of a spontaneous or positional nystagmus, directional preponderance or a diminished caloric reaction could be found preoperatively in 30% of the patients. No statistically significant difference between patients with or without abnormal ENG findings could be shown in the late postoperative hearing results of 3 years in a series of different types of operations. Nearly half of the patients had postoperative nystagmus. On the second day nystagmus beat towards the operated ear in 22.3% of the patients. On the sixth day there was nystagmus only in one-third of the patients and it then beat towards towards the operated ear in only 12.1% of the patients and away from the operated ear in 12.6%. No statistically significant correlation could be found between the nystagmus findings and the late hearing results after 3 years' observation in this series of different types of operation.
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PMID:The pre- and postoperative ENG findings in clinical otosclerosis and the late hearing results. 30 28

It has long been known that optokinetic nystagmus may be modified by vestibular inputs. We have suppressed an aberrant vestibular response and associated gastrointestinal sensations by use of an optokinetic stimulus simultaneous to the positional stimulus in a patient with paroxysmal positional vertigo. This single subject study utilized several optokinetic conditions, and patterned its stimulus presentations to control for visual fixation and vestibular habituation. Objective recordings of eye movements (ENG) were made simultaneously with subjective evaluation of "dizziness" on a simple magnitude estimation scale.
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PMID:Optokinetic suppression of aberrant vestibular reactions: an observation. 31 8

In a limited number of cases with congenital nystagmus, we examined to what extend ENG could help in the assessment of the vestibular function. We observed that in half of the cases the presence of this disturbing congenital nystagmus allowed to draw a functional conclusion from the ENG-recording. We propose to associate the laterotorsion technique as a valuable aid for further investigations.
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PMID:Congenital nystagmus and functional vestibular evaluation. 31 79

The most frequent seen nystagmus is jerk nustagmus. It is a versional eye movement comprising a quick and a slow phase. For diagnostic reasons it is very important to know the connections involved in vestibulo-oculomotor control. Besides peripheral, labyrinthine disturbances the observation of nystagmus is a very good tool in the topodiagnosis of the brain stem and mesencephalon. By ENG recordings, which normally should be used only after clinical examinations according to Frenzel and Jung, we can find much more better and reliable results in clinical topodiagnosis. Further tests of vestibulo-oculomotor function (rotation, optokinetic tests e.g.) offer the possibility of a discriminating topodiagnosis of the brain stem. This means an efficient use in clinical neurology. Following these considerations examples of single cases including ENG recordings are given.
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PMID:[Nystagmus as a diagnostic criterium in neurology]. 42 74


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